/*
 * Copyright 2010 Twitter, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
 * not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
 * a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.twitter.util

import com.twitter.io.StreamIO
import java.io.{File, InputStream, FileInputStream, FileNotFoundException}
import java.math.BigInteger
import java.net.URLClassLoader
import java.security.MessageDigest
import java.util.Random
import java.util.jar.JarFile
import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.io.Source
import scala.tools.nsc.{Global, Settings}
import scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.AbstractFileClassLoader
import scala.tools.nsc.io.VirtualDirectory
import scala.tools.nsc.reporters.AbstractReporter
import scala.tools.nsc.util.{BatchSourceFile, Position}

/**
 * Evaluate a file or string and return the result.
 */
@deprecated("use a throw-away instance of Eval instead")
object Eval extends Eval {
  private val jvmId = java.lang.Math.abs(new Random().nextInt())
}

class Eval {
  import Eval.jvmId

  private lazy val compilerPath = try {
    jarPathOfClass("scala.tools.nsc.Interpreter")
  } catch {
    case e =>
      throw new RuntimeException("Unable lo load scala interpreter from classpath (scala-compiler jar is missing?)", e)
  }

  private lazy val libPath = try {
    jarPathOfClass("scala.ScalaObject")
  } catch {
    case e =>
      throw new RuntimeException("Unable to load scala base object from classpath (scala-library jar is missing?)", e)
  }

  /**
   * Preprocessors to run the code through before it is passed to the Scala compiler
   */
  private lazy val preprocessors: Seq[Preprocessor] =
    Seq(
      new IncludePreprocessor(
        Seq(
          new ClassScopedResolver(getClass),
          new FilesystemResolver(new File(".")),
          new FilesystemResolver(new File("." + File.separator + "config"))
        )
      )
    )

  private lazy val compiler = new StringCompiler(2, preprocessors)

  /**
   * Eval[Int]("1 + 1") // => 2
   */
  def apply[T](code: String, resetState: Boolean = true): T = {
    val id = uniqueId(code)
    val className = "Evaluator__" + id
    val cls = compiler(wrapCodeInClass(className, code), className, id, resetState)
    cls.getConstructor().newInstance().asInstanceOf[() => Any].apply().asInstanceOf[T]
  }

  /**
   * Eval[Int](new File("..."))
   */
  def apply[T](files: File*): T = {
    apply(files.map { scala.io.Source.fromFile(_).mkString }.mkString("\n"))
  }

  /**
   * Eval[Int](getClass.getResourceAsStream("..."))
   */
  def apply[T](stream: InputStream): T = {
    apply(Source.fromInputStream(stream).mkString)
  }

  def toSource(file: File): String = {
    toSource(scala.io.Source.fromFile(file).mkString)
  }

  def toSource(code: String): String = {
    compiler.sourceForString(code)
  }

  /**
   * Compile an entire source file into the virtual classloader.
   */
  def compile(code: String) {
    compiler(code)
  }

  /**
   * Like `Eval()`, but doesn't reset the virtual classloader before evaluating. So if you've
   * loaded classes with `compile`, they can be referenced/imported in code run by `inPlace`.
   */
  def inPlace[T](code: String) = {
    apply[T](code, false)
  }

  /**
   * Check if code is Eval-able.
   * @throw CompilerException if not Eval-able.
   */
  def check(code: String) {
    val id = uniqueId(code)
    val className = "Evaluator__" + id
    val wrappedCode = wrapCodeInClass(className, code)
    compile(wrappedCode) // may throw CompilerException
  }

  /**
   * Check if files are Eval-able.
   * @throw CompilerException if not Eval-able.
   */
  def check(files: File*) {
    val code = files.map { scala.io.Source.fromFile(_).mkString }.mkString("\n")
    check(code)
  }

  /**
   * Check if stream is Eval-able.
   * @throw CompilerException if not Eval-able.
   */
  def check(stream: InputStream) {
    check(scala.io.Source.fromInputStream(stream).mkString)
  }

  def findClass(className: String): Class[_] = {
    compiler.findClass(className).getOrElse { throw new ClassNotFoundException("no such class: " + className) }
  }

  private def uniqueId(code: String): String = {
    val digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1").digest(code.getBytes())
    val sha = new BigInteger(1, digest).toString(16)
    sha + "_" + jvmId
  }

  /*
   * Wrap source code in a new class with an apply method.
   */
  private def wrapCodeInClass(className: String, code: String) = {
    "class " + className + " extends (() => Any) {\n" +
    "  def apply() = {\n" +
    code + "\n" +
    "  }\n" +
    "}\n"
  }

  /*
   * For a given FQ classname, trick the resource finder into telling us the containing jar.
   */
  private def jarPathOfClass(className: String) = try {
    val resource = className.split('.').mkString("/", "/", ".class")
    val path = getClass.getResource(resource).getPath
    val indexOfFile = path.indexOf("file:") + 5
    val indexOfSeparator = path.lastIndexOf('!')
    List(path.substring(indexOfFile, indexOfSeparator))
  }

  /*
   * Try to guess our app's classpath.
   * This is probably fragile.
   */
  lazy val impliedClassPath: List[String] = {
    val currentClassPath = this.getClass.getClassLoader.asInstanceOf[URLClassLoader].getURLs.
      map(_.toString).filter(_.startsWith("file:")).map(_.substring(5)).toList

    // if there's just one thing in the classpath, and it's a jar, assume an executable jar.
    currentClassPath ::: (if (currentClassPath.size == 1 && currentClassPath(0).endsWith(".jar")) {
      val jarFile = currentClassPath(0)
      val relativeRoot = new File(jarFile).getParentFile()
      val nestedClassPath = new JarFile(jarFile).getManifest.getMainAttributes.getValue("Class-Path")
      if (nestedClassPath eq null) {
        Nil
      } else {
        nestedClassPath.split(" ").map { f => new File(relativeRoot, f).getAbsolutePath }.toList
      }
    } else {
      Nil
    })
  }

  trait Preprocessor {
    def apply(code: String): String
  }

  trait Resolver {
    def resolvable(path: String): Boolean
    def get(path: String): InputStream
  }

  class FilesystemResolver(root: File) extends Resolver {
    private[this] def file(path: String): File =
      new File(root.getAbsolutePath + File.separator + path)


    def resolvable(path: String): Boolean =
      file(path).exists

    def get(path: String): InputStream =
      new FileInputStream(file(path))
  }

  class ClassScopedResolver(clazz: Class[_]) extends Resolver {
    private[this] def quotePath(path: String) =
      "/" + path

    def resolvable(path: String): Boolean =
      clazz.getResourceAsStream(quotePath(path)) != null

    def get(path: String): InputStream =
      clazz.getResourceAsStream(quotePath(path))
  }

  class ResolutionFailedException(message: String) extends Exception

  /*
   * This is a preprocesor that can include files by requesting them from the given classloader
   *
   * Thusly, if you put FS directories on your classpath (e.g. config/ under your app root,) you
   * mix in configuration from the filesystem.
   *
   * @example #include file-name.scala
   *
   * This is the only directive supported by this preprocessor.
   */
  private class IncludePreprocessor(resolvers: Seq[Resolver]) extends Preprocessor {
    def apply(code: String): String =
      code.lines map { line: String =>
        val tokens = line.trim.split(' ')
        if (tokens.length == 2 && tokens(0).equals("#include")) {
          val path = tokens(1)
          resolvers find { resolver: Resolver =>
            resolver.resolvable(path)
          } match {
            case Some(r: Resolver) =>
              StreamIO.buffer(r.get(path)).toString
            case _ =>
              throw new IllegalStateException("No resolver could find '%s'".format(path))
          }
        } else {
          line
        }
      } mkString("\n")
  }

  /**
   * Dynamic scala compiler. Lots of (slow) state is created, so it may be advantageous to keep
   * around one of these and reuse it.
   */
  private class StringCompiler(lineOffset: Int, preprocessors: Seq[Preprocessor]) {
    val virtualDirectory = new VirtualDirectory("(memory)", None)

    val cache = new mutable.HashMap[String, Class[_]]()

    val settings = new Settings
    settings.deprecation.value = true // enable detailed deprecation warnings
    settings.unchecked.value = true // enable detailed unchecked warnings
    settings.outputDirs.setSingleOutput(virtualDirectory)

    val pathList = compilerPath ::: libPath
    settings.bootclasspath.value = pathList.mkString(File.pathSeparator)
    settings.classpath.value = (pathList ::: impliedClassPath).mkString(File.pathSeparator)

    val reporter = new AbstractReporter {
      val settings = StringCompiler.this.settings
      val messages = new mutable.ListBuffer[List[String]]

      def display(pos: Position, message: String, severity: Severity) {
        severity.count += 1
        val severityName = severity match {
          case ERROR   => "error: "
          case WARNING => "warning: "
          case _ => ""
        }
        messages += (severityName + "line " + (pos.line - lineOffset) + ": " + message) ::
          (if (pos.isDefined) {
            pos.inUltimateSource(pos.source).lineContent.stripLineEnd ::
              (" " * (pos.column - 1) + "^") ::
              Nil
          } else {
            Nil
          })
      }

      def displayPrompt {
        // no.
      }

      override def reset {
        super.reset
        messages.clear()
      }
    }

    val global = new Global(settings, reporter)

    /*
     * Class loader for finding classes compiled by this StringCompiler.
     * After each reset, this class loader will not be able to find old compiled classes.
     */
    var classLoader = new AbstractFileClassLoader(virtualDirectory, this.getClass.getClassLoader)

    def reset() {
      virtualDirectory.clear
      reporter.reset
      classLoader = new AbstractFileClassLoader(virtualDirectory, this.getClass.getClassLoader)
    }

    object Debug {
      val enabled =
        System.getProperty("eval.debug") != null

      def printWithLineNumbers(code: String) {
        printf("Code follows (%d bytes)\n", code.length)

        var numLines = 0
        code.lines foreach { line: String =>
          numLines += 1
          println(numLines.toString.padTo(5, ' ') + "| " + line)
        }
      }
    }

    def findClass(className: String): Option[Class[_]] = {
      synchronized {
        cache.get(className).orElse {
          try {
            val cls = classLoader.loadClass(className)
            cache(className) = cls
            Some(cls)
          } catch {
            case e: ClassNotFoundException => None
          }
        }
      }
    }


    /**
     * Compile scala code. It can be found using the above class loader.
     */
    def apply(code: String) {
      val processedCode = sourceForString(code)

      if (Debug.enabled)
        Debug.printWithLineNumbers(processedCode)

      // if you're looking for the performance hit, it's 1/2 this line...
      val compiler = new global.Run
      val sourceFiles = List(new BatchSourceFile("(inline)", processedCode))
      // ...and 1/2 this line:
      compiler.compileSources(sourceFiles)

      if (reporter.hasErrors || reporter.WARNING.count > 0) {
        throw new CompilerException(reporter.messages.toList)
      }
    }

    def sourceForString(code: String) = {
      preprocessors.foldLeft(code) { case (c: String, p: Preprocessor) => p(c) }
    }

    /**
     * Compile a new class, load it, and return it. Thread-safe.
     */
    def apply(code: String, className: String, id: String, resetState: Boolean = true): Class[_] = {
      synchronized {
        if (resetState) reset()
        findClass(className).getOrElse {
          apply(code)
          findClass(className).get
        }
      }
    }
  }

  class CompilerException(val messages: List[List[String]]) extends Exception(
    "Compiler exception " + messages.map(_.mkString("\n")).mkString("\n"))
}