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authorJakob Odersky <jakob@odersky.com>2016-09-17 15:16:06 -0700
committerJakob Odersky <jakob@odersky.com>2016-09-17 15:16:06 -0700
commit3687eb638dfcdc641b77e46f44814638d5b9bf81 (patch)
treefcc7860bfa54a19f951c3d42511075564fbecd16
downloadrpi2-mkroot-3687eb638dfcdc641b77e46f44814638d5b9bf81.tar.gz
rpi2-mkroot-3687eb638dfcdc641b77e46f44814638d5b9bf81.tar.bz2
rpi2-mkroot-3687eb638dfcdc641b77e46f44814638d5b9bf81.zip
initial commit
-rw-r--r--LICENSE339
-rw-r--r--README.md47
-rwxr-xr-xchrootfs76
-rwxr-xr-xmkrootfs136
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh5
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh12
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh5
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh14
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh2
-rw-r--r--mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh18
-rwxr-xr-xmkrootimg85
11 files changed, 739 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d159169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+ GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 2, June 1991
+
+ Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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+ <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044928f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+A suite of utilities to build debian root filesystems and bootable images for the Cubieboard 5 (Cubietruck Plus).
+
+## Utilities
+
+- `mkrootfs <dir>` Build a debian root filesystem in the given directory
+- `chrootfs <dir>` Start a shell in the given root filesystem.
+- `mkrootimg <dir> <img>` Bundle a root filesystem into a binary image that can be flashed to an sd card (bootloader still needs to be flashed manually).
+
+Run any of the above utilities with the `-h` or `--help` options for additional information.
+
+## Usage Example
+The typical use-case, creating a bootable image for the Cubieboard 5 involves the following steps:
+
+1. Create a root filesystem in a temporary directory "tmprootfs".
+
+ mkrootfs --hostname=cb5 --release=stretch --ssh-key=/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tmprootfs
+
+2. (optional) Start a shell in the directory to install any additional packages.
+
+ chrootfs tmprootfs
+
+ root@inside_rootfs:~# apt install ...
+ root@inside_rootfs:~# ...
+ root@inside_rootfs:~# exit
+
+3. Pack the root filesystem into a binary image (note that the first 1MB of the image will be empty, reserved for a bootloader).
+
+ mkrootimg tmprootfs cb5-stretch.img
+
+4. Add bootloader to start of image (see http://linux-sunxi.org/Mainline_Debian_HowTo for instructions on how to build u-boot).
+
+ dd if=<u-boot>/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=cb5-stretch.img bs=1024 seek=8 conv=notrunc
+
+5. Copy the image to an sd card.
+
+ dd if=cb5-stretch.img of=/dev/mmc0
+
+Note that you will need root privileges to run most of these commands.
+
+## Copying
+This program is free software, released under the GNU General Public License version 2.
+
+Copyright (C) 2016 Jakob Odersky <jakob@odersky.com>
+
+Copyright (C) 2015 Jan Wagner <mail@jwagner.eu>
+
+The structure of the scripts was mostly copied from the [rpi2-gen-image](https://github.com/drtyhlpr/rpi23-gen-image) utility, by Jan Wagner.
diff --git a/chrootfs b/chrootfs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0b42070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/chrootfs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Directory in which the root filesystem is contained
+#
+ROOTFS=$(pwd)/cb5-rootfs
+
+print_usage() {
+ cat 1>&2 <<EOF
+Usage: $0 rootfs-directory
+Start a shell in a root filesystem. Mounting and unmounting temporary driver filesystems
+is handled by this script.
+EOF
+}
+
+# Process options
+#
+while [ $# -gt 1 ]
+do
+ case "$1" in
+ --help|-h)
+ print_usage
+ exit 0
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Unknown option '$1'" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+ esac
+ shift
+done
+
+# Process last argument, the root file system location
+if [ -z "$1" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then
+ print_usage
+ exit 1
+fi
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
+ echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+export ROOTFS="$1"
+
+# Unmount and remove any temporary files
+#
+cleanup() {
+ set +e
+
+ # Identify and kill all processes still using files
+ echo "Killing processes using mount point" 1>&2
+ fuser -k "${ROOTFS}"
+ sleep 3
+ fuser -9 -k -v "${ROOTFS}"
+
+ # Clean up all temporary mount points
+ echo "Removing temporary mount points" 1>&2
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/proc" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/sys" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev/pts" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev" 2> /dev/null
+ trap - 0 1 2 3 6
+}
+trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6
+
+# Prepare filesystem to be chrooted
+#
+echo "Creating temporary system mount points in rootfs" 1>&2
+mount -t proc chproc "$ROOTFS/proc"
+mount -t sysfs chsys "$ROOTFS/sys"
+mount -t devtmpfs chdev "$ROOTFS/dev"
+mount -t devpts chpts "$ROOTFS/dev/pts"
+
+echo "Starting shell in rootfs" 1>&2
+LANG=C LC_ALL=C DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive chroot ${ROOTFS}
+
+cleanup
+echo "Cleaned up"
diff --git a/mkrootfs b/mkrootfs
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e8941b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+# Directory in which the file system will be built
+#
+ROOTFS=$(pwd)/cb5-rootfs
+
+# Debian release
+#
+RELEASE=stretch
+
+# Host name to be used by machine
+#
+HOSTNAME=cb5
+
+# SSH to log in as root
+#
+SSH_KEY="$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
+
+print_usage() {
+ cat 1>&2 <<EOF
+Usage: $0 [options] rootfs-directory
+Create a debian root filesystem for the cubieboard5.
+The password for the root account will be set to 'guest', unless an ssh key is
+specified, in which case the account will be locked.
+
+Options:
+ --hostname=<$HOSTNAME> Use a given hostname for the device.
+ --ssh-key=<$SSH_KEY> Add the given SSH key to root's authorized_keys file. When this option is provided, root's account will be locked.
+ --release=<$RELEASE> Create a root filesystem for the given debian release.
+EOF
+}
+
+# Process options
+#
+while [ $# -gt 1 ]
+do
+ case "$1" in
+ --help|-h)
+ print_usage
+ exit 0
+ ;;
+ --hostname=*)
+ HOSTNAME="${1#*=}"
+ ;;
+ --release=*)
+ RELEASE="${1#*=}"
+ ;;
+ --ssh-key=*)
+ SSH_KEY="${1#*=}"
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Unknown option '$1'" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+ esac
+ shift
+done
+
+# Process last argument, the root file system location
+if [ -z "$1" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then
+ print_usage
+ exit 1
+fi
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
+ echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+export ROOTFS="$1"
+
+export RELEASE
+export HOSTNAME
+export SSH_KEY
+
+# Run a command in the root file system
+#
+chroot_exec() {
+ # Exec command in chroot
+ LANG=C LC_ALL=C DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive chroot ${ROOTFS} /bin/sh -c "$*"
+}
+export -f chroot_exec
+
+# Unmount and remove any temporary files
+#
+cleanup() {
+ set +e
+
+ # Identify and kill all processes still using files
+ echo "Killing processes using mount point" 1>&2
+ fuser -k "${ROOTFS}"
+ sleep 3
+ fuser -9 -k -v "${ROOTFS}"
+
+ # Clean up all temporary mount points
+ echo "Removing temporary mount points" 1>&2
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/proc" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/sys" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev/pts" 2> /dev/null
+ umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev" 2> /dev/null
+ trap - 0 1 2 3 6
+}
+trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6
+
+# Bootstrap initial file system
+#
+echo "Creating rootfs" 1>&2
+# proxy is set to use apt-cacher-ng
+http_proxy="localhost:3142" qemu-debootstrap \
+ --verbose \
+ --include=linux-image-armmp-lpae,locales,flash-kernel,sunxi-tools,firmware-linux-free,u-boot-tools \
+ --arch=armhf \
+ "$RELEASE" \
+ "$ROOTFS" \
+ http://httpredir.debian.org/debian
+
+# Prepare filesystem to be chrooted
+#
+echo "Creating temporary system mount points in rootfs" 1>&2
+mount -t proc chproc "$ROOTFS/proc"
+mount -t sysfs chsys "$ROOTFS/sys"
+mount -t devtmpfs chdev "$ROOTFS/dev"
+mount -t devpts chpts "$ROOTFS/dev/pts"
+echo "Configuring rootfs" 1>&2
+chroot_exec dpkg --configure -a
+
+# Run setup scripts
+#
+echo "Running setup scripts" 1>&2
+dir=$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )
+for script in "$dir"/mkrootfs.d/*.sh; do
+ echo "Running $script" 1>&2
+ bash "$script"
+done
+echo "Completed setup scripts" 1>&2
+
+cleanup
+echo "Successfully created rootfs" 1>&2
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh b/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bda665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list" <<EOF
+deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian ${RELEASE} main contrib non-free
+deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian ${RELEASE}-updates main contrib non-free
+deb http://security.debian.org ${RELEASE}/updates main contrib non-free
+EOF
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh b/mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be000b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Set up automatic kernel installation an upgrades
+echo "Cubietech Cubietruck Plus" > "$ROOTFS/etc/flash-kernel/machine"
+echo 'LINUX_KERNEL_CMDLINE="console=ttyS0,115200 hdmi.audio=EDID:0 disp.screen0_output_mode=EDID:1280x1024p60 rootfstype=ext4 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait panic=10 ${extra}"' >> "$ROOTFS/etc/default/flash-kernel"
+
+# Enable specific modules at startup
+echo "rtc_sunxi" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules"
+echo "mmc_core" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules"
+echo "mmc_block" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules"
+echo "sdhci" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules"
+echo "sdhci-pci" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules"
+
+chroot_exec flash-kernel
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh b/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..835afc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Configure fstab
+cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/fstab" <<EOF
+/dev/mmcblk0p1 / ext4 relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1
+tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
+EOF
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh b/mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31b5f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Set host configuration
+echo "$HOSTNAME" > "$ROOTFS/etc/hostname"
+sed -i "/^127.0.0.1/ s/\$/ $HOSTNAME/" "$ROOTFS/etc/hosts"
+sed -i "/^::1/ s/\$/ $HOSTNAME/" "$ROOTFS/etc/hosts"
+
+# Set up networking
+cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/network/interfaces.d/lo" <<EOF
+auto lo
+iface lo inet loopback
+EOF
+cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0" <<EOF
+allow-hotplug eth0
+iface eth0 inet dhcp
+EOF
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh b/mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e57930b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+chroot_exec dpkg-reconfigure locales
+chroot_exec dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh b/mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67811e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Enable serial console login
+echo "T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/inittab"
+
+if [ -e "$SSH_KEY" ]; then
+ chroot_exec apt-get -y install openssh-server
+ mkdir -p "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh"
+ chmod 600 "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh"
+ cat "$SSH_KEY" > "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+ chmod 600 "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+ sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g' "$ROOTFS/etc/ssh/sshd_config"
+ # Lock root account password
+ chroot_exec passwd -l root
+ echo "Success: root's account was locked and SSH password login disabled. Use the key in $SSH_KEY to login." 1>&2
+else
+ sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin without-password/PermitRootLogin yes/g' "$ROOTFS"/etc/ssh/sshd_config
+ chroot_exec echo "root:guest" | chpasswd
+ echo "Warning: no SSH key found, root's password has been set to 'guest' and SSH password login has been enabled! This can be a security risk if the device is exposed to a public network." 1>&2
+fi
diff --git a/mkrootimg b/mkrootimg
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..01d509b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mkrootimg
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+print_usage() {
+ cat 1>&2 <<EOF
+Usage: $0 rootfs-directory image
+Package the contents of a directory into an ext4-based binary image file.
+EOF
+}
+
+# Process options
+#
+while [ $# -gt 2 ]
+do
+ case "$1" in
+ --help|-h)
+ print_usage
+ exit 0
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Unknown option '$1'" 1>&2
+ exit 1
+ esac
+ shift
+done
+
+# Process last argument, the root file system location
+if [ -z "$1" ] || [ -z "$2" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then
+ print_usage
+ exit 1
+fi
+if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
+ echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# Directory to package
+rootfs="$1"
+
+# Binary image file
+image="$2"
+
+# Number of 512-byte sectors reserved at the beginning of the image
+# (usually 1M for e.g. a bootloader)
+table_sectors=$(expr 1 \* 1024 \* 1024 \/ 512)
+
+# Calculate size of the rootfs directory in KB
+rootfs_size=$(expr `du -s "${rootfs}" | awk '{ print $1 }'`)
+
+# The root partition is EXT4
+# This means more space than the actual used space of the rootfs is used.
+# As overhead for journaling and reserved blocks 25% are added.
+rootfs_sectors=$(expr $(expr ${rootfs_size} + ${rootfs_size} \/ 100 \* 25) \* 1024 \/ 512)
+
+# Calculate required image size in 512 Byte sectors
+image_sectors=$(expr ${table_sectors} + ${rootfs_sectors})
+
+# Initialize image file
+dd if=/dev/zero of="$image" bs=512 count=${table_sectors}
+dd if=/dev/zero of="$image" bs=512 count=0 seek=${image_sectors}
+
+# Write partition table
+sfdisk "$image" <<EOF
+${table_sectors},${rootfs_sectors},L,*
+EOF
+
+# Setup temporary loop devices
+image_loop="$(losetup -o 1M -f --show $image)"
+
+mkfs.ext4 -O^64bit "$image_loop"
+
+cleanup() {
+ losetup -d "$image_loop" 2> /dev/null
+ trap - 0 1 2 3 6
+}
+trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6
+
+# Mount the temporary loop devices
+mount_dir=$(mktemp -d)
+mount "$image_loop" "$mount_dir"
+
+# Copy all files from the chroot to the loop device mount point directory
+rsync -a "$rootfs/" "$mount_dir"
+umount "$mount_dir"
+cleanup