From 3687eb638dfcdc641b77e46f44814638d5b9bf81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jakob Odersky Date: Sat, 17 Sep 2016 15:16:06 -0700 Subject: initial commit --- LICENSE | 339 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ README.md | 47 +++++++ chrootfs | 76 +++++++++++ mkrootfs | 136 +++++++++++++++++++ mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh | 5 + mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh | 12 ++ mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh | 5 + mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh | 14 ++ mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh | 2 + mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh | 18 +++ mkrootimg | 85 ++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 739 insertions(+) create mode 100644 LICENSE create mode 100644 README.md create mode 100755 chrootfs create mode 100755 mkrootfs create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/02-kernel.sh create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/04-network.sh create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/05-locales.sh create mode 100644 mkrootfs.d/06-login.sh create mode 100755 mkrootimg diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d159169 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE @@ -0,0 +1,339 @@ + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2, June 1991 + + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc., + 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. 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See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along + with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., + 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author + Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may +be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be +mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program + `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. + + , 1 April 1989 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General +Public License instead of this License. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..044928f --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +A suite of utilities to build debian root filesystems and bootable images for the Cubieboard 5 (Cubietruck Plus). + +## Utilities + +- `mkrootfs ` Build a debian root filesystem in the given directory +- `chrootfs ` Start a shell in the given root filesystem. +- `mkrootimg ` Bundle a root filesystem into a binary image that can be flashed to an sd card (bootloader still needs to be flashed manually). + +Run any of the above utilities with the `-h` or `--help` options for additional information. + +## Usage Example +The typical use-case, creating a bootable image for the Cubieboard 5 involves the following steps: + +1. Create a root filesystem in a temporary directory "tmprootfs". + + mkrootfs --hostname=cb5 --release=stretch --ssh-key=/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tmprootfs + +2. (optional) Start a shell in the directory to install any additional packages. + + chrootfs tmprootfs + + root@inside_rootfs:~# apt install ... + root@inside_rootfs:~# ... + root@inside_rootfs:~# exit + +3. Pack the root filesystem into a binary image (note that the first 1MB of the image will be empty, reserved for a bootloader). + + mkrootimg tmprootfs cb5-stretch.img + +4. Add bootloader to start of image (see http://linux-sunxi.org/Mainline_Debian_HowTo for instructions on how to build u-boot). + + dd if=/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=cb5-stretch.img bs=1024 seek=8 conv=notrunc + +5. Copy the image to an sd card. + + dd if=cb5-stretch.img of=/dev/mmc0 + +Note that you will need root privileges to run most of these commands. + +## Copying +This program is free software, released under the GNU General Public License version 2. + +Copyright (C) 2016 Jakob Odersky + +Copyright (C) 2015 Jan Wagner + +The structure of the scripts was mostly copied from the [rpi2-gen-image](https://github.com/drtyhlpr/rpi23-gen-image) utility, by Jan Wagner. diff --git a/chrootfs b/chrootfs new file mode 100755 index 0000000..0b42070 --- /dev/null +++ b/chrootfs @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +#!/bin/bash +set -e + +# Directory in which the root filesystem is contained +# +ROOTFS=$(pwd)/cb5-rootfs + +print_usage() { + cat 1>&2 <&2 + exit 1 + esac + shift +done + +# Process last argument, the root file system location +if [ -z "$1" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then + print_usage + exit 1 +fi +if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then + echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2 + exit 1 +fi +export ROOTFS="$1" + +# Unmount and remove any temporary files +# +cleanup() { + set +e + + # Identify and kill all processes still using files + echo "Killing processes using mount point" 1>&2 + fuser -k "${ROOTFS}" + sleep 3 + fuser -9 -k -v "${ROOTFS}" + + # Clean up all temporary mount points + echo "Removing temporary mount points" 1>&2 + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/proc" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/sys" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev/pts" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev" 2> /dev/null + trap - 0 1 2 3 6 +} +trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6 + +# Prepare filesystem to be chrooted +# +echo "Creating temporary system mount points in rootfs" 1>&2 +mount -t proc chproc "$ROOTFS/proc" +mount -t sysfs chsys "$ROOTFS/sys" +mount -t devtmpfs chdev "$ROOTFS/dev" +mount -t devpts chpts "$ROOTFS/dev/pts" + +echo "Starting shell in rootfs" 1>&2 +LANG=C LC_ALL=C DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive chroot ${ROOTFS} + +cleanup +echo "Cleaned up" diff --git a/mkrootfs b/mkrootfs new file mode 100755 index 0000000..e8941b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/mkrootfs @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +#!/bin/bash +set -e + +# Directory in which the file system will be built +# +ROOTFS=$(pwd)/cb5-rootfs + +# Debian release +# +RELEASE=stretch + +# Host name to be used by machine +# +HOSTNAME=cb5 + +# SSH to log in as root +# +SSH_KEY="$HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" + +print_usage() { + cat 1>&2 < Use a given hostname for the device. + --ssh-key=<$SSH_KEY> Add the given SSH key to root's authorized_keys file. When this option is provided, root's account will be locked. + --release=<$RELEASE> Create a root filesystem for the given debian release. +EOF +} + +# Process options +# +while [ $# -gt 1 ] +do + case "$1" in + --help|-h) + print_usage + exit 0 + ;; + --hostname=*) + HOSTNAME="${1#*=}" + ;; + --release=*) + RELEASE="${1#*=}" + ;; + --ssh-key=*) + SSH_KEY="${1#*=}" + ;; + *) + echo "Unknown option '$1'" 1>&2 + exit 1 + esac + shift +done + +# Process last argument, the root file system location +if [ -z "$1" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then + print_usage + exit 1 +fi +if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then + echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2 + exit 1 +fi +export ROOTFS="$1" + +export RELEASE +export HOSTNAME +export SSH_KEY + +# Run a command in the root file system +# +chroot_exec() { + # Exec command in chroot + LANG=C LC_ALL=C DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive chroot ${ROOTFS} /bin/sh -c "$*" +} +export -f chroot_exec + +# Unmount and remove any temporary files +# +cleanup() { + set +e + + # Identify and kill all processes still using files + echo "Killing processes using mount point" 1>&2 + fuser -k "${ROOTFS}" + sleep 3 + fuser -9 -k -v "${ROOTFS}" + + # Clean up all temporary mount points + echo "Removing temporary mount points" 1>&2 + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/proc" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/sys" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev/pts" 2> /dev/null + umount -l "${ROOTFS}/dev" 2> /dev/null + trap - 0 1 2 3 6 +} +trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6 + +# Bootstrap initial file system +# +echo "Creating rootfs" 1>&2 +# proxy is set to use apt-cacher-ng +http_proxy="localhost:3142" qemu-debootstrap \ + --verbose \ + --include=linux-image-armmp-lpae,locales,flash-kernel,sunxi-tools,firmware-linux-free,u-boot-tools \ + --arch=armhf \ + "$RELEASE" \ + "$ROOTFS" \ + http://httpredir.debian.org/debian + +# Prepare filesystem to be chrooted +# +echo "Creating temporary system mount points in rootfs" 1>&2 +mount -t proc chproc "$ROOTFS/proc" +mount -t sysfs chsys "$ROOTFS/sys" +mount -t devtmpfs chdev "$ROOTFS/dev" +mount -t devpts chpts "$ROOTFS/dev/pts" +echo "Configuring rootfs" 1>&2 +chroot_exec dpkg --configure -a + +# Run setup scripts +# +echo "Running setup scripts" 1>&2 +dir=$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd ) +for script in "$dir"/mkrootfs.d/*.sh; do + echo "Running $script" 1>&2 + bash "$script" +done +echo "Completed setup scripts" 1>&2 + +cleanup +echo "Successfully created rootfs" 1>&2 diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh b/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9bda665 --- /dev/null +++ b/mkrootfs.d/01-apt.sh @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/apt/sources.list" < "$ROOTFS/etc/flash-kernel/machine" +echo 'LINUX_KERNEL_CMDLINE="console=ttyS0,115200 hdmi.audio=EDID:0 disp.screen0_output_mode=EDID:1280x1024p60 rootfstype=ext4 root=/dev/mmcblk0p1 rootwait panic=10 ${extra}"' >> "$ROOTFS/etc/default/flash-kernel" + +# Enable specific modules at startup +echo "rtc_sunxi" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" +echo "mmc_core" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" +echo "mmc_block" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" +echo "sdhci" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" +echo "sdhci-pci" >> "$ROOTFS/etc/initramfs-tools/modules" + +chroot_exec flash-kernel diff --git a/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh b/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh new file mode 100644 index 0000000..835afc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/mkrootfs.d/03-fstab.sh @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +# Configure fstab +cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/fstab" < "$ROOTFS/etc/hostname" +sed -i "/^127.0.0.1/ s/\$/ $HOSTNAME/" "$ROOTFS/etc/hosts" +sed -i "/^::1/ s/\$/ $HOSTNAME/" "$ROOTFS/etc/hosts" + +# Set up networking +cat > "$ROOTFS/etc/network/interfaces.d/lo" < "$ROOTFS/etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0" <> "$ROOTFS/etc/inittab" + +if [ -e "$SSH_KEY" ]; then + chroot_exec apt-get -y install openssh-server + mkdir -p "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh" + chmod 600 "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh" + cat "$SSH_KEY" > "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" + chmod 600 "$ROOTFS/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" + sed -i 's/#PasswordAuthentication yes/PasswordAuthentication no/g' "$ROOTFS/etc/ssh/sshd_config" + # Lock root account password + chroot_exec passwd -l root + echo "Success: root's account was locked and SSH password login disabled. Use the key in $SSH_KEY to login." 1>&2 +else + sed -i 's/PermitRootLogin without-password/PermitRootLogin yes/g' "$ROOTFS"/etc/ssh/sshd_config + chroot_exec echo "root:guest" | chpasswd + echo "Warning: no SSH key found, root's password has been set to 'guest' and SSH password login has been enabled! This can be a security risk if the device is exposed to a public network." 1>&2 +fi diff --git a/mkrootimg b/mkrootimg new file mode 100755 index 0000000..01d509b --- /dev/null +++ b/mkrootimg @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +#!/bin/bash +set -e + +print_usage() { + cat 1>&2 <&2 + exit 1 + esac + shift +done + +# Process last argument, the root file system location +if [ -z "$1" ] || [ -z "$2" ] || [ "$1" = -h ] || [ "$1" = --help ]; then + print_usage + exit 1 +fi +if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then + echo "This must be run as root." 1>&2 + exit 1 +fi + +# Directory to package +rootfs="$1" + +# Binary image file +image="$2" + +# Number of 512-byte sectors reserved at the beginning of the image +# (usually 1M for e.g. a bootloader) +table_sectors=$(expr 1 \* 1024 \* 1024 \/ 512) + +# Calculate size of the rootfs directory in KB +rootfs_size=$(expr `du -s "${rootfs}" | awk '{ print $1 }'`) + +# The root partition is EXT4 +# This means more space than the actual used space of the rootfs is used. +# As overhead for journaling and reserved blocks 25% are added. +rootfs_sectors=$(expr $(expr ${rootfs_size} + ${rootfs_size} \/ 100 \* 25) \* 1024 \/ 512) + +# Calculate required image size in 512 Byte sectors +image_sectors=$(expr ${table_sectors} + ${rootfs_sectors}) + +# Initialize image file +dd if=/dev/zero of="$image" bs=512 count=${table_sectors} +dd if=/dev/zero of="$image" bs=512 count=0 seek=${image_sectors} + +# Write partition table +sfdisk "$image" < /dev/null + trap - 0 1 2 3 6 +} +trap cleanup 0 1 2 3 6 + +# Mount the temporary loop devices +mount_dir=$(mktemp -d) +mount "$image_loop" "$mount_dir" + +# Copy all files from the chroot to the loop device mount point directory +rsync -a "$rootfs/" "$mount_dir" +umount "$mount_dir" +cleanup -- cgit v1.2.3