From 0d8b14c6055e76c0bff3b65d0f428d711abe1f5a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Philipp Haller <hallerp@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 21 Jun 2006 12:35:21 +0000
Subject: Added actors library.

---
 src/actors/scala/actors/Debug.scala                |  38 ++
 src/actors/scala/actors/Done.scala                 |  19 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/SPanel.scala               |  74 +++
 src/actors/scala/actors/Scheduler.scala            | 236 ++++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/TimerThread.scala          | 156 ++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/WorkerThread.scala         |  34 ++
 .../scala/actors/distributed/JXTAServiceBase.scala |   9 +
 .../scala/actors/distributed/JavaSerializer.scala  |  34 ++
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Messages.scala |  40 ++
 .../scala/actors/distributed/MessagesComb.scala    |  36 ++
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Name.scala     |   7 +
 .../scala/actors/distributed/NetKernel.scala       | 591 +++++++++++++++++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Node.scala     |   6 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NodeComb.scala |  12 +
 .../scala/actors/distributed/RemoteActor.scala     | 168 ++++++
 .../scala/actors/distributed/RemotePid.scala       | 184 +++++++
 .../scala/actors/distributed/Serializer.scala      |  53 ++
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Service.scala  |  72 +++
 .../actors/distributed/TcpSerializerComb.scala     | 126 +++++
 .../scala/actors/distributed/TcpService.scala      | 215 ++++++++
 .../actors/distributed/TcpServiceWorker.scala      |  86 +++
 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Util.scala     |  58 ++
 .../actors/distributed/picklers/BytePickle.scala   | 436 +++++++++++++++
 .../distributed/picklers/SStreamPickle.scala       | 519 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../actors/distributed/picklers/Streams.scala      |  87 +++
 .../actors/distributed/picklers/UTF8Codec.scala    |  77 +++
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Button.scala           |  20 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Caret.scala            |   8 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Component.scala        |   9 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Container.scala        |  18 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/EmptyBorder.scala      |   8 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/FormattedTextField.scala      |   9 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Frame.scala            |  33 ++
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/GUIApplication.scala   |  20 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Label.scala            |  14 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/MainFrame.scala        |  14 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Orientation.scala      |  11 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Panel.scala            |  15 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Publisher.scala        | 126 +++++
 .../scala/actors/gui/SimpleGUIApplication.scala    |  14 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SwingComponent.scala   |  11 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextComponent.scala    |  22 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextField.scala        |  22 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/ButtonPressed.scala     |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/CaretUpdate.scala       |   3 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/Event.scala      |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/MouseDragged.scala      |   3 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseEvent.scala |   3 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseMoved.scala |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/TextModified.scala      |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowActivated.scala   |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosed.scala      |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosing.scala     |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeactivated.scala |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeiconified.scala |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowEvent.scala       |   5 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowIconified.scala   |   3 +
 .../scala/actors/gui/event/WindowOpened.scala      |   3 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/layout.scala           |  12 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/AbstractPid.scala    |  10 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Actor.scala          | 300 +++++++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/LocalPid.scala       |  94 ++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/MailBox.scala        | 175 ++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Pid.scala            |  20 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/ReceiverTask.scala   |  16 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/single/AbstractPid.scala   |  10 +
 src/actors/scala/actors/single/Actor.scala         |  72 +++
 src/actors/scala/actors/single/LocalPid.scala      |  83 +++
 src/actors/scala/actors/single/MailBox.scala       | 155 ++++++
 src/actors/scala/actors/single/Pid.scala           |  10 +
 70 files changed, 4751 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/Debug.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/Done.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/SPanel.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/Scheduler.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/TimerThread.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/WorkerThread.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JXTAServiceBase.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JavaSerializer.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Messages.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/MessagesComb.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Name.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NetKernel.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Node.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NodeComb.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemoteActor.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemotePid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Serializer.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Service.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpSerializerComb.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpService.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpServiceWorker.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Util.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/BytePickle.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/SStreamPickle.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/Streams.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/UTF8Codec.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Button.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Caret.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Component.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Container.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/EmptyBorder.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/FormattedTextField.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Frame.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/GUIApplication.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Label.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/MainFrame.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Orientation.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Panel.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Publisher.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SimpleGUIApplication.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SwingComponent.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextComponent.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextField.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/ButtonPressed.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/CaretUpdate.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/Event.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseDragged.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseEvent.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseMoved.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/TextModified.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowActivated.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosed.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosing.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeactivated.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeiconified.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowEvent.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowIconified.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowOpened.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/gui/layout.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/AbstractPid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Actor.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/LocalPid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/MailBox.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Pid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/multi/ReceiverTask.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/single/AbstractPid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/single/Actor.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/single/LocalPid.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/single/MailBox.scala
 create mode 100644 src/actors/scala/actors/single/Pid.scala

(limited to 'src')

diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/Debug.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/Debug.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b1e3f0705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/Debug.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package scala.actors;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+object Debug {
+  var lev = 2
+
+  def level = lev
+  def level_= (lev: int) = {
+    //Console.println("Setting debug level to " + lev)
+    this.lev = lev
+  }
+
+  def info(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 2) System.out.println("Info: " + s)
+  def warning(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 1) System.err.println("Warning: " + s)
+  def error(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 0) System.err.println("Error: " + s)
+}
+
+class Debug(tag: String) {
+  var lev = 2
+
+  def level = lev
+  def level_= (lev: int) = {
+    //Console.println("Setting debug level (" + tag + ") to " + lev)
+    this.lev = lev
+  }
+
+  def info(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 2) System.out.println(tag + " (info): " + s)
+  def warning(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 1) System.err.println(tag + " (warn): " + s)
+  def error(s: String) =
+    if (lev > 0) System.err.println(tag + " (erro): " + s)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/Done.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/Done.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5bef8d89d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/Done.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package scala.actors;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class Done extends Throwable {
+  override def fillInStackTrace(): Throwable =
+    this;
+}
+
+class ContinueException extends Throwable {
+  override def fillInStackTrace(): Throwable =
+    this;
+}
+
+class AbortException extends Throwable {
+  override def fillInStackTrace(): Throwable =
+    this;
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/SPanel.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/SPanel.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f3b3a7a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/SPanel.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package scala.actors;
+
+
+/*
+ * SPanel.scala
+ * GUI for simple texts
+ *
+ */
+import java.awt._;
+import java.awt.event._;
+import javax.swing.event._;
+import javax.swing._;
+import java.io._;
+
+
+
+class SPanel (WIDTH:int, HEIGHT:int, title:String)  extends JFrame{
+
+  private var textArea:JTextArea = null;
+  private var resetButton:JButton = null;
+
+  private var scrollPane:JScrollPane = null;
+  private var panel:JPanel = null;
+  private var contentPane:Container = null;
+  private var levelChoice:JComboBox  = null;
+  private var formatChoice:JComboBox  = null;
+
+  //init
+  setTitle(title);
+  setSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT);
+  this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
+
+  contentPane = getContentPane();
+  panel = new JPanel();
+    contentPane.add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
+
+  // Add a text area with scroll bars
+  textArea = new JTextArea(8, 40);
+  scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);
+  contentPane.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
+
+  // Add a "reset textarea" button
+  resetButton = new JButton("Clear");
+  panel.add(resetButton);
+  resetButton.addActionListener(
+    new ActionListener() {
+      def actionPerformed(evt:ActionEvent):Unit= {
+	textArea.setText("");
+      }
+    }
+  );
+
+  this.repaint();
+  this.show();
+
+
+  def addText(text:String):Unit = {
+    textArea.append(text+'\n');
+
+    if ( textArea.getHeight() > scrollPane.getHeight() ) {
+      scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().setValue(scrollPane.getVerticalScrollBar().getMaximum());
+    }
+    repaint();
+  }
+/*
+  def  actionPerformed(ActionEvent e):Unit {
+  }
+*/
+
+ override def  paint(g:Graphics ): unit = {
+   super.paint( g );
+ }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/Scheduler.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/Scheduler.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7caaa1b35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/Scheduler.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+package scala.actors
+
+import scala.collection.mutable._
+
+import scala.actors.multi._
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+abstract class IScheduler /*extends java.util.concurrent.Executor*/ {
+  def execute(item: ReceiverTask): unit;
+  def getTask(worker: WorkerThread): Runnable;
+  def tick(a: MailBox): unit;
+
+  val QUIT_TASK = new Runnable() {
+    def run(): unit = {};
+    override def toString() = "QUIT_TASK";
+  }
+}
+
+
+object Scheduler /*extends java.util.concurrent.Executor*/ {
+  private var sched: /*java.util.concurrent.Executor*/ IScheduler =
+    //java.util.concurrent.Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
+    //new FixedWorkersScheduler(2);
+    new SpareWorkerScheduler2
+    //new SpareWorkerScheduler
+
+  def impl = sched
+  def impl_= (scheduler: /*java.util.concurrent.Executor*/ IScheduler) = {
+    Debug.info("Using scheduler " + scheduler)
+    sched = scheduler
+  }
+
+  def execute(item: ReceiverTask) =
+    sched.execute(item)
+
+  def tick(a: MailBox) =
+    sched.tick(a)
+}
+
+
+class SpareWorkerScheduler2 extends IScheduler {
+  private val tasks = new Queue[ReceiverTask];
+  private var workers: Buffer[WorkerThread] = new ArrayBuffer[WorkerThread];
+
+  val idle = new Queue[WorkerThread];
+  val ticks = new HashMap[WorkerThread, long]
+  val executing = new HashMap[MailBox, WorkerThread]
+
+  var TICKFREQ = 50
+
+  def init = {
+    for (val i <- List.range(0, 2)) {
+      val worker = new WorkerThread(this)
+      workers += worker
+      worker.start()
+    }
+  }
+  init;
+
+  var maxWorkers = 0;
+  var ticksCnt = 0;
+
+  def tick(a: MailBox): unit = synchronized {
+    ticksCnt = ticksCnt + 1
+    executing.get(a) match {
+      case None => // thread outside of scheduler; error("No worker thread associated with actor " + a)
+      case Some(wt) =>
+        ticks.update(wt, System.currentTimeMillis)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def execute(item: ReceiverTask): unit = synchronized {
+    if (idle.length > 0) {
+      val wt = idle.dequeue
+      executing.update(item.actor, wt)
+      wt.execute(item)
+    }
+    else {
+      /* only create new worker thread
+         when all are blocked according to heuristic
+
+         we check time stamps of latest send/receive ops
+         of ALL workers
+
+         we stop if there is one which is not blocked */
+
+      val iter = workers.elements
+      var foundBusy = false
+      while (iter.hasNext && !foundBusy) {
+        val wt = iter.next
+        ticks.get(wt) match {
+          case None => foundBusy = true // assume not blocked
+          case Some(ts) => {
+            val currTime = System.currentTimeMillis
+            if (currTime - ts < TICKFREQ)
+              foundBusy = true
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!foundBusy) {
+        val newWorker = new WorkerThread(this)
+        workers += newWorker
+        maxWorkers = workers.length // statistics
+
+        executing.update(item.actor, newWorker)
+
+        newWorker.execute(item)
+        newWorker.start()
+      }
+      else {
+        // wait assuming busy thread will be finished soon
+        // and ask for more work
+        tasks += item
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def getTask(worker: WorkerThread) = synchronized {
+    if (tasks.length > 0) {
+      val item = tasks.dequeue
+      executing.update(item.actor, worker)
+      item
+    }
+    else {
+      idle += worker
+      null
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class SpareWorkerScheduler extends IScheduler {
+  private var canQuit = false;
+  private val tasks = new Queue[Runnable];
+  private val idle = new Queue[WorkerThread];
+
+  private var workers: Buffer[WorkerThread] = new ArrayBuffer[WorkerThread];
+
+  def init = {
+    for (val i <- List.range(0, 2)) {
+      val worker = new WorkerThread(this)
+      workers += worker
+      worker.start()
+    }
+  }
+  init;
+
+  var maxWorkers = 0;
+
+  def execute(item: ReceiverTask): unit = synchronized {
+    if (idle.length == 0) {
+      tasks += item
+      // create new worker
+      val newWorker = new WorkerThread(this)
+      workers += newWorker
+      maxWorkers = workers.length
+      newWorker.start()
+      //newWorker.execute(item)
+    }
+    else {
+      canQuit = true
+      idle.dequeue.execute(item)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def getTask(worker: WorkerThread) = synchronized {
+    if (tasks.length > 0) tasks.dequeue
+    else {
+      idle += worker
+      null
+      //if ((idle.length == workers.length) && canQuit) haltExcept(worker)
+      //else null
+    }
+  }
+
+  def tick(a: MailBox): unit = {}
+
+  def haltExcept(w: WorkerThread) = {
+    for (val i <- List.range(0, workers.length))
+      if (workers(i) != w) workers(i).halt
+    QUIT_TASK
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class FixedWorkersScheduler(workercnt: int) extends IScheduler {
+  private var canQuit = false;
+  private val tasks = new Queue[Runnable];
+  private val idle = new Queue[WorkerThread];
+
+  //Console.println("Running with " + workercnt + " workers")
+  private var workers = new Array[WorkerThread](workercnt);
+
+  def init = {
+    for (val i <- List.range(0, workers.length)) {
+      workers(i) = new WorkerThread(this)
+      workers(i).start()
+    }
+  }
+  init;
+
+  def execute(item: ReceiverTask): unit = synchronized {
+    if (workers.length == 0) item.run
+    else {
+      canQuit = true
+      if (idle.length > 0) idle.dequeue.execute(item)
+      else tasks += item
+    }
+  }
+
+  def getTask(worker: WorkerThread) = synchronized {
+    if (tasks.length > 0) tasks.dequeue
+    else {
+      idle += worker
+      null
+      //if ((idle.length == workers.length) && canQuit) haltExcept(worker)
+      //else null
+    }
+  }
+
+  def tick(a: MailBox): unit = {}
+
+  def haltExcept(w: WorkerThread) = {
+    for (val i <- List.range(0, workers.length))
+      if (workers(i) != w) workers(i).halt
+    QUIT_TASK
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/TimerThread.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/TimerThread.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a483d7b043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/TimerThread.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/**
+ @author Sebastien Noir
+
+ This class allows the (locl) sending of a message to an actor after a timeout. Used by the library to build receiveWithin(time:long). Note that the library deletes non received TIMEOUT() message if a messsage is received before the time-out occurs.
+ */
+
+ package scala.actors
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.PriorityQueue
+
+import scala.actors.multi.Actor
+import scala.actors.multi.MailBox
+
+case class Signal()
+
+object TimerThread extends AnyRef with Runnable {
+  case class WakedActor(actor: MailBox, time: long, reason: String) extends Ordered[WakedActor] {
+    var valid = true
+    def compare [b >: WakedActor <% Ordered[b]](that: b): int = that match {
+      case that2: WakedActor => -(this.time compare that2.time)
+      case _ => error("not comparable")
+    }
+  }
+
+  var queue = new PriorityQueue[WakedActor]
+  val t = new Thread(this); t.start
+
+  var lateList: List[WakedActor] = Nil
+
+  def trashRequest(a: MailBox) = synchronized {
+    // keep in mind: killing dead people is a bad idea!
+    queue.elements.find((wa: WakedActor) => wa.actor == a && wa.valid) match {
+      case Some(b) =>
+        b.valid = false
+      case None =>
+        lateList.find((wa2: WakedActor) => wa2.actor == a && wa2.valid) match {
+          case Some(b2) =>
+            b2.valid = false
+          case None =>
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def run = while (true) {
+    this.synchronized {
+      try {
+	val sleepTime = dequeueLateAndGetSleepTime
+	if (lateList.isEmpty) {
+	  wait(sleepTime)
+	}
+      } catch {
+	case t: Throwable => { t.printStackTrace(); throw t }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // process guys waiting for signal and empty list
+    for (val wa <- lateList) {
+      if (wa.valid) {
+        wa.actor send Signal()
+      }
+    }
+    lateList = Nil
+  }
+
+  def requestSignal(a: Actor, waitMillis: long, reason: String): unit = this.synchronized {
+    Console.println("TTTT Actor "+a+" requests Signal in "+waitMillis +" ms for :"+reason)
+    val wakeTime = now + waitMillis
+    if (waitMillis < 0) {
+      a send Signal()
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (queue.isEmpty) { // add to queue and restart sleeping
+      queue += WakedActor(a, wakeTime, reason)
+      notify()
+    } else { //queue full
+      if (queue.max.time > wakeTime) { // add to 1st position and restart sleeping
+  	   queue += WakedActor (a, wakeTime, reason)
+	     notify()
+      } else { // simply add to queue
+
+	     queue += WakedActor (a, wakeTime, reason)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def requestTimeout(a: MailBox, waitMillis: long): unit = synchronized {
+    val wakeTime = now + waitMillis
+    if (waitMillis < 0) {
+      a send Signal()
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (queue.isEmpty) { // add to queue and restart sleeping
+      queue += WakedActor(a, wakeTime, "")
+      notify()
+    } else
+      if (queue.max.time > wakeTime) { // add to 1st position and restart sleeping
+	      queue += WakedActor (a, wakeTime, "")
+	      notify()
+      }
+      else // simply add to queue
+	queue += WakedActor (a, wakeTime, "")
+  }
+
+  private def dequeueLateAndGetSleepTime: long = {
+    val FOREVER: long = 0
+    var waitingList: List[WakedActor] = Nil
+
+    while (!queue.isEmpty) {
+      val next = queue.max.time
+      val amount = next - now
+      if (amount > 0) { // guy in queue is not late
+	lateList = waitingList // give back the list of waiting guys for signaling
+	return amount
+      }
+      else // we're late: dequeue and examine next guy
+	waitingList = queue.dequeue :: waitingList
+    }
+
+    // empty queue => sleep forever
+    lateList = waitingList
+    return FOREVER
+  }
+
+  def now = new java.util.Date().getTime()
+}
+
+//================================================================================
+
+object TimerThreadTest {
+  def main (args:Array[String]) = {
+    new Tester (1000, "ONE").start
+    new Tester (500, "TWO").start
+  }
+
+  class Tester (duration : int, name:String) extends Actor {
+    var i = 0
+
+    def loop:unit = {
+      receive {
+	case Signal() =>
+	  Console.println(name + i)
+	  i = i+1;
+	  loop
+      }
+    }
+
+    override def run = {
+      for (val i <-List.range(1,10)) {
+	TimerThread.requestSignal(this, (duration * i).asInstanceOf[long], ""+duration*i)
+      }
+      loop
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/WorkerThread.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/WorkerThread.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab2ffbeb32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/WorkerThread.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package scala.actors;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class WorkerThread(sched: IScheduler) extends Thread {
+  private var task: Runnable = null
+  private var running = true
+
+  def halt = synchronized {
+    running = false
+    notify()
+  }
+
+  def execute(r: Runnable) = synchronized {
+    //Debug.info("WORK: " + this + ": Executing task " + r)
+    task = r
+    notify()
+  }
+
+  override def run(): unit = synchronized {
+    while (running) {
+      if (task != null) {
+        task.run()
+        //Debug.info("WORK: " + this + " has finished.")
+      }
+      //Debug.info("WORK: " + this + ": Getting new task...")
+      task = sched.getTask(this)
+      //Debug.info("WORK (" + this + "): got task " + task)
+      if (task == sched.QUIT_TASK) running = false
+      else if (task == null) wait()
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JXTAServiceBase.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JXTAServiceBase.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3e2603974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JXTAServiceBase.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+abstract class JXTAServiceBase(nodename: String) extends Thread with Service {
+  val serializer = new JavaSerializer(this);
+  private val internalNode = new JXTANode(nodename);
+  def node: Node = internalNode;
+  def createPid(actor: RemoteActor): RemotePid =
+    new JXTAPid(internalNode, makeUid, kernel, actor)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JavaSerializer.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JavaSerializer.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b25437ff86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/JavaSerializer.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.io._;
+import scala.collection.mutable._;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers.BytePickle.SPU;
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers._;
+import scala.actors.multi._;
+
+[serializable]
+class JavaSerializer(serv: Service) extends Serializer(serv) {
+  val debug = true;
+
+  def log (s:String) = {
+    if (debug) Console.println("JAVASerializer: "+s)
+  }
+
+  def serialize(o: AnyRef): Array[byte] = {
+    val bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
+    val out = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)
+    out.writeObject(o)
+    out.flush()
+    bos.toByteArray()
+  }
+
+  def deserialize(bytes: Array[byte]): AnyRef = {
+    val bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+    val in = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
+    in.readObject();
+  }
+
+  def pid: SPU[Pid] = null;
+  def addRep(name: String, repCons: Serializer => AnyRef): unit = {};
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Messages.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Messages.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8a663922a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Messages.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed
+
+import scala.actors.multi.Pid
+import scala.actors.multi.ExcHandlerDesc
+
+abstract class MessageTyper {
+  type DataType=Array[byte];
+}
+
+abstract class SystemMessage;
+case class Send(rec: Pid, data: MessageTyper#DataType) extends SystemMessage;
+case class Spawn(replyto: Pid, p: String) extends SystemMessage;
+case class PidReply(res: Pid) extends SystemMessage;
+case class Disconnect() extends SystemMessage;
+
+case class NodeDown() extends SystemMessage;
+
+// ACHTUNG: Tells "from" to create a _uni-directional_ link!
+case class Link(from: Pid, to: Pid) extends SystemMessage;
+case class UnLink(from: Pid, to: Pid) extends SystemMessage;
+case class Exit1(from: Pid, to: Pid, reason: Symbol) extends SystemMessage;
+
+case class SpawnObject(replyto: Pid, data: MessageTyper#DataType) extends SystemMessage;
+
+case class NamedSend(sym: Symbol, data: MessageTyper#DataType) extends SystemMessage;
+
+case class ForwardExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) extends SystemMessage;
+
+/*
+case class NamedSendRep (ser:Serializer) extends TypeRep[NamedSend](ser) {
+  def serialize(content: NamedSend, w: java.io.Writer): unit = {
+    StringRep(ser).serialize(content.sym.name, w)
+    StringRep(ser).serialize(content.data, w)
+  }
+  def deserialize(r:java.io.Reader): NamedSend = {
+    NamedSend(Symbol(StringRep(ser).deserialize(r)),
+	      StringRep(ser).deserialize(r))
+  }
+}
+*/
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/MessagesComb.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/MessagesComb.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af3edc13a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/MessagesComb.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers.BytePickle._;
+import scala.actors.multi.Pid;
+
+object MessagesComb {
+  def sendPU(ser: Serializer): SPU[Send] =
+    wrap((p: Pair[Pid,Array[byte]]) => Send(p._1, p._2),
+         (s: Send) => Pair(s.rec, s.data),
+         pair(ser.pid, bytearray));
+
+  def spawnPU(ser: Serializer): SPU[Spawn] =
+    wrap((p: Pair[Pid,String]) => Spawn(p._1, p._2),
+         (s: Spawn) => Pair(s.replyto, s.p),
+         pair(ser.pid, string));
+
+  def symbolPU: SPU[Symbol] =
+    wrap((s: String) => Symbol(s),
+         (sym: Symbol) => sym.name,
+         string);
+
+  def exitPU(ser: Serializer): SPU[Exit1] =
+    wrap((p: Triple[Pid,Pid,Symbol]) => Exit1(p._1, p._2, p._3),
+         (e: Exit1) => Triple(e.from, e.to, e.reason),
+         triple(ser.pid, ser.pid, symbolPU));
+
+  def spawnObjectPU(ser: Serializer): SPU[SpawnObject] =
+    wrap((p: Pair[Pid,Array[byte]]) => SpawnObject(p._1, p._2),
+         (s: SpawnObject) => Pair(s.replyto, s.data),
+         pair(ser.pid, bytearray));
+
+  def namedSendPU: SPU[NamedSend] =
+    wrap((p: Pair[Symbol,Array[byte]]) => NamedSend(p._1, p._2),
+         (ns: NamedSend) => Pair(ns.sym, ns.data),
+         pair(symbolPU, bytearray));
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Name.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Name.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02842f1501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Name.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+case class Name(node: Node, sym: Symbol, kernel: NetKernel) {
+  def !(msg: AnyRef): unit = {
+    kernel.namedSend(this, msg)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NetKernel.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NetKernel.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28821350d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NetKernel.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,591 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed
+
+import java.io.StringReader
+import java.io.StringWriter
+import java.util.logging._
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashSet
+
+import java.net.UnknownHostException
+import java.io.IOException
+import java.lang.SecurityException
+
+import scala.actors.multi.Actor
+import scala.actors.multi.ExcHandlerDesc
+
+case class RA(a: RemoteActor);
+
+object NetKernel {
+  var kernel: NetKernel = null;
+}
+
+class NetKernel(service: Service) {
+  NetKernel.kernel = this
+
+  // contains constructors
+  private val ptable =
+    new HashMap[String, () => RemoteActor];
+
+  // maps local ids to scala.actors
+  private val rtable =
+    new HashMap[int, RemoteActor];
+
+  // maps scala.actors to their RemotePid
+  private val pidTable =
+    new HashMap[RemoteActor, RemotePid];
+
+  private var running = true;
+
+  val logLevel = Level.FINE
+  val l = Logger.getLogger("NetKernel")
+  l.setLevel(logLevel)
+  val consHand = new ConsoleHandler
+  consHand.setLevel(logLevel)
+  l.addHandler(consHand)
+
+  //start // start NetKernel
+
+  /** only called if destDesc is local. */
+  def handleExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) = {
+    destDesc.pid match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        (rtable get rpid.localId) match {
+          case Some(actor) =>
+            actor.handleExc(destDesc, e)
+          case None =>
+            error("exc desc refers to non-registered actor")
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def forwardExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) = {
+    // locality check (handler local to this node?)
+    destDesc.pid match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        if (rpid.node == this.node)
+          handleExc(destDesc, e)
+        else
+          sendToNode(rpid.node, ForwardExc(destDesc, e))
+    }
+  }
+
+  def sendToNode(node: Node, msg: AnyRef) = {
+    //val sw = new StringWriter
+    val bytes = service.serializer.serialize(msg /*, sw*/)
+    service.send(node, bytes)
+    //service.send(node, sw.toString())
+  }
+
+  def addConstructor(key: String, value: () => RemoteActor) =
+    ptable.update(key, value);
+
+  def node: Node = service.node;
+
+  def nodes: List[Node] = service.nodes;
+
+  def pidOf(actor: RemoteActor): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    pidTable.get(actor) match {
+      case None => error("malformed pid table in " + this)
+      case Some(pid) => pid
+    }
+  }
+
+  def disconnectNode(n: Node) = synchronized {
+    service.disconnectNode(n)
+  }
+
+  def getLocalRef(locId: int): RemoteActor =
+    rtable.get(locId) match {
+      case None =>
+        error("" + locId + " is not registered at " + this)
+      case Some(remoteActor: RemoteActor) =>
+        remoteActor
+    }
+
+  def localSend(localId: int, msg: AnyRef): unit = synchronized {
+    rtable.get(localId) match {
+      case None =>
+        error("" + localId + " is not registered at " + this)
+      case Some(remoteActor: RemoteActor) =>
+        //Console.println("local send to " + remoteActor)
+        remoteActor send msg
+    }
+  }
+
+  def localSend(pid: RemotePid, msg: AnyRef): unit =
+    localSend(pid.localId, msg);
+
+  def remoteSend(pid: RemotePid, msg: AnyRef) = synchronized {
+    //Console.println("NetKernel: Remote msg delivery to " + pid)
+    service.remoteSend(pid, msg)
+  }
+
+  def namedSend(name: Name, msg: AnyRef): unit = {
+    if (name.node == this.node) {
+      // look-up name
+      nameTable.get(name.sym) match {
+        case None =>
+          // message is lost
+          //Console.println("lost message " + msg + " because " + name + " not registered.")
+        case Some(localId) => localSend(localId, msg)
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      // remote send
+
+      // serialize msg
+      ///val sw = new StringWriter
+      val bytes = service.serializer.serialize(msg/*, sw*/)
+
+      sendToNode(name.node, NamedSend(name.sym, bytes))
+      //sendToNode(name.node, NamedSend(name.sym, sw.toString()))
+    }
+  }
+
+  val nameTable = new HashMap[Symbol, int]
+
+  def registerName(name: Symbol, pid: RemotePid): unit = synchronized {
+    nameTable += name -> pid.localId
+  }
+
+  def registerName(name: Symbol, a: RemoteActor): unit = synchronized {
+    val pid = register(a)
+    registerName(name, pid)
+    a.start
+  }
+
+  /*override def run: unit = receive {
+    case ForwardExc(destDesc, e) =>
+      // TODO
+    case Spawn(reply: RemotePid, pname) =>
+      val newPid = spawn(pname)
+      // need to send back the Pid
+      remoteSend(reply, newPid)
+      run
+
+    case SpawnObject(reply: RemotePid, data: Array[byte]) =>
+      //val sr = new StringReader(data)
+      //service.serializer.deserialize(sr) match {
+
+      service.serializer.deserialize(data) match {
+        case RA(actor) =>
+          val newPid = register(actor)
+          //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+          actor.start
+          // need to send back the Pid
+          remoteSend(reply, newPid)
+      }
+      run
+
+    case NamedSend(sym: Symbol, data) =>
+      // look-up name
+      nameTable.get(sym) match {
+        case None =>
+          // message is lost
+          Console.println("lost message " + data + " because " + sym + " not registered.")
+        case Some(localId) =>
+          // deserialize data
+          //val sr = new StringReader(data)
+          //val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(sr)
+
+          val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(data)
+          localSend(localId, msg)
+      }
+      run
+
+    case Send(pid: RemotePid, data) =>
+      // deserialize data
+      //val sr = new StringReader(data)
+      //val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(sr)
+      val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(data)
+
+      Console.println("locally send " + msg + " to " + pid)
+      localSend(pid, msg)
+      run
+
+    case Link(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid) =>
+      // assume from is local
+      linkFromLocal(from, to)
+      run
+
+    case UnLink(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid) =>
+      // assume from is local
+      unlinkFromLocal(from, to)
+      run
+
+    case Exit1(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid, reason) =>
+      // check if "to" traps exit signals
+      // if so send a message
+      if (trapExits.contains(to.localId))
+        // convert signal into message
+        localSend(to, Exit1(from, to, reason))
+      else
+        if (reason.name.equals("normal")) {
+          // ignore signal
+        }
+        else
+          exit(from, to, reason)
+      run
+  }*/
+
+  // TODO
+  /*def isReachable(remoteNode: Node): boolean = {
+    val pingMsg = new Ping(node)
+    val sw = new StringWriter
+    service.serializer.serialize(pingMsg, sw)
+    service.send(remoteNode, sw.toString())
+  }*/
+
+  def processMsg(msg: AnyRef): unit = synchronized {
+    msg match {
+      case Spawn(reply: RemotePid, pname) =>
+        val newPid = spawn(pname)
+        // need to send back the Pid
+        remoteSend(reply, newPid)
+
+      case SpawnObject(reply: RemotePid, data) =>
+	//val sr = new StringReader(data)
+        //service.serializer.deserialize(sr) match {
+
+        service.serializer.deserialize(data) match {
+          case RA(actor) =>
+            val newPid = register(actor)
+            //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+            actor.start
+            // need to send back the Pid
+            remoteSend(reply, newPid)
+        }
+
+      case NamedSend(sym: Symbol, data) =>
+        // look-up name
+        nameTable.get(sym) match {
+          case None =>
+            // message is lost
+            //Console.println("lost message " + msg + " because " + sym + " not registered.")
+          case Some(localId) =>
+            // deserialize data
+            //val sr = new StringReader(data)
+            //val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(sr)
+            val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(data)
+            localSend(localId, msg)
+        }
+
+      case Send(pid: RemotePid, data) =>
+        // deserialize data
+        //val sr = new StringReader(data)
+        //val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(sr)
+        val msg = service.serializer.deserialize(data)
+        //Console.println("locally send " + msg + " to " + pid)
+        localSend(pid, msg)
+
+      case Link(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid) =>
+        // assume from is local
+        linkFromLocal(from, to)
+
+      case UnLink(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid) =>
+        // assume from is local
+        unlinkFromLocal(from, to)
+
+      case Exit1(from:RemotePid, to:RemotePid, reason) =>
+        // check if "to" traps exit signals
+        // if so send a message
+        if (trapExits.contains(to.localId)) {
+          // convert signal into message
+          // TODO: simpler message (w/o to) for actor!
+          localSend(to, Exit1(from, to, reason))
+        }
+        else {
+          if (reason.name.equals("normal")) {
+            // ignore signal
+          }
+          else
+            exit(from, to, reason)
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Registers an instance of a remote actor inside this NetKernel.
+   */
+  def register(newProc: RemoteActor): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    newProc.kernel = this
+    val newPid = service.createPid(newProc)
+    rtable += newPid.localId -> newProc
+    pidTable += newProc -> newPid
+    newPid
+  }
+
+  // local spawn
+  def spawn(pname: String): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    // get constructor out of table
+    (ptable.get(pname)) match {
+      case None =>
+        //error("No constructor found. Cannot start process.")
+        //null
+
+        val newProc = Class.forName(pname).newInstance().asInstanceOf[RemoteActor]
+        // create Pid for remote communication and register process
+        val newPid = register(newProc)
+        //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+        newProc.start
+        newPid
+
+      case Some(cons) =>
+        val newProc = cons()
+        // create Pid for remote communication and register process
+        val newPid = register(newProc)
+        //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+        newProc.start
+        newPid
+    }
+  }
+
+  // local spawn
+  def spawn(name: String, arg: RemotePid): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    val newPid = spawn(name)
+    localSend(newPid, arg)
+    newPid
+  }
+
+  // assume this.node != node
+  def spawn(replyTo: RemotePid, node: Node, a: RemoteActor): unit = {
+    val ra = RA(a)
+    //val rsw = new StringWriter
+    //service.serializer.serialize(ra, rsw)
+    val bytes = service.serializer.serialize(ra)
+    //sendToNode(node, SpawnObject(replyTo, rsw.toString()))
+    sendToNode(node, SpawnObject(replyTo, bytes))
+  }
+
+
+  def registerSerializer(index: String, rep: Serializer => AnyRef) = {
+    service.serializer.addRep(index, rep)
+
+    // send registering requests to remote nodes
+  }
+
+  // remote spawn
+  def spawn(replyTo: RemotePid, node: Node, name: String): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    // check if actor is to be spawned locally
+    if (node == this.node) {
+      val newPid = spawn(name)
+      newPid
+    }
+    else {
+      sendToNode(node, Spawn(replyTo, name))
+      null  // pid needs to be sent back
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Spawns a new actor (locally), executing "fun".
+   */
+  def spawn(fun: RemoteActor => unit): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    val newProc = new RemoteActor {
+      override def run: unit =
+        fun(this);
+    }
+
+    // create Pid for remote communication and register process
+    val newPid = register(newProc)
+    //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+    newProc.start
+    newPid
+  }
+
+  /* Spawns a new actor (locally), executing "fun".
+   */
+  def spawnLink(pid: RemotePid, fun: RemoteActor => unit): RemotePid = synchronized {
+    val newProc = new RemoteActor {
+      override def run: unit =
+        fun(this);
+    }
+
+    // create Pid for remote communication and register process
+    val newPid = register(newProc)
+    //Console.println("Spawned a new " + newProc + " (" + newPid + ")")
+
+    // link new process to pid (assume pid is local)
+    link(pid, newPid)
+
+    newProc.start
+    newPid
+  }
+
+  // maps local ids to their linked pids
+  private val links = new HashMap[int,HashSet[RemotePid]];
+
+  // which of the local processes traps exit signals?
+  private val trapExits = new HashSet[int];
+
+  def processFlag(pid: RemotePid, flag: Symbol, set: boolean) = synchronized {
+    if (flag.name.equals("trapExit")) {
+      if (trapExits.contains(pid.localId) && !set)
+        trapExits -= pid.localId
+      else if (!trapExits.contains(pid.localId) && set)
+        trapExits += pid.localId
+    }
+  }
+
+  // assume from.node == this.node
+  private def unlinkFromLocal(from: RemotePid, to: RemotePid): unit =
+    links.get(from.localId) match {
+      case None =>
+        // has no links -> ignore
+      case Some(set) =>
+        set -= to
+        if (set.size == 0) links -= from.localId
+    };
+
+  /*
+   unlinks bi-directional link
+   assume from.node == this.node
+   */
+  def unlink(from: RemotePid, to: RemotePid): unit = synchronized {
+    unlinkFromLocal(from, to)
+    if (to.node == this.node)
+      unlinkFromLocal(to, from)
+    else
+      // (2) send message to NetKernel of "to" to unlink a
+      // uni-directional link from "to" to "from"
+      sendToNode(to.node, UnLink(to, from))
+  }
+
+  // assume from.node == this.node
+  private def linkFromLocal(from: RemotePid, to: RemotePid): unit =
+    // TODO: send Exit to from if to is invalid
+    links.get(from.localId) match {
+      case None =>
+        // from has no links, yet
+        val linksTo = new HashSet[RemotePid]
+        linksTo += to
+        links += from.localId -> linksTo
+      case Some(set) =>
+        set += to
+    };
+
+  /*
+   creates bi-directional link
+   assume from.node == this.node
+   */
+  def link(from: RemotePid, to: RemotePid): unit = synchronized {
+    // (1) create locally a uni-directional link
+    linkFromLocal(from, to)
+    if (to.node == this.node)
+      linkFromLocal(to, from)
+    else
+      // (2) send message to NetKernel of "to" to create a
+      // uni-directional link from "to" to "from"
+      sendToNode(to.node, Link(to, from))
+  }
+
+  // Assume "to" is local.
+  def exit(from: RemotePid, to: RemotePid, reason: Symbol): unit = {
+    // remove link
+    unlinkFromLocal(to, from)
+    exit(to, reason)
+  }
+
+  val exitMarks = new HashSet[RemotePid]
+
+  /*
+   If reason is unequal to 'normal then
+   this will cause all linked processes to
+   (transitively) terminate abnormally.
+
+   Assume pid is local.
+   */
+  def exit(pid: RemotePid, reason: Symbol): unit = synchronized {
+    if (!(exitMarks contains pid)) {
+      exitMarks += pid  // mark pid as exiting
+      //Console.println("" + pid + " is exiting (" + reason + ").")
+
+      // first look-up remote actor in rtable
+      val actor = rtable(pid.localId)
+      // remove from table of running processes
+      rtable -= pid.localId
+      // remove from pid table
+      pidTable -= actor
+
+      // send exit signals to linked processes
+      links.get(pid.localId) match {
+        case None =>
+          //Console.println("no linked processes")
+
+        case Some(set) =>  // set of remote pids that we want to terminate
+          //Console.println("sending exit signals to linked processes")
+
+          val iter = set.elements
+          while (iter.hasNext) {
+            val linkedPid = iter.next
+
+            unlinkFromLocal(pid, linkedPid)
+
+            if (linkedPid.node == this.node) {
+              unlinkFromLocal(linkedPid, pid)
+
+              if (trapExits.contains(linkedPid.localId))
+                localSend(linkedPid, Exit1(pid, linkedPid, reason))
+              else if (!reason.name.equals("normal"))
+                exit(linkedPid, reason)
+            }
+            else
+              sendToNode(linkedPid.node,
+                         Exit1(pid, linkedPid, reason))
+          }
+          exitMarks -= pid
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private val monNodes =
+    new HashMap[Node,HashMap[RemotePid,int]];
+
+  def monitorNode(client: RemotePid, mnode: Node, cond: boolean) = synchronized {
+    monNodes.get(mnode) match {
+      case None =>
+        // nobody is monitoring this node
+        if (cond) {
+          val map = new HashMap[RemotePid,int]
+          map += client -> 1
+          monNodes += mnode -> map
+        }
+      case Some(map) =>
+        map.update(client, map(client) + (if (cond) 1 else -1))
+    }
+
+    // if no connection exists:
+    // try connecting, if it fails deliver nodedown msg
+    if (cond && !service.isConnected(mnode)) {
+      try {
+        service.connect(mnode)
+      }
+      catch {
+        case uhe: UnknownHostException =>
+          nodeDown(mnode)
+        case ioe: IOException =>
+          nodeDown(mnode)
+        case se: SecurityException =>
+          nodeDown(mnode)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def nodeDown(mnode: Node) = {
+    // send NodeDown msg to registered RemotePids
+    monNodes.get(mnode) match {
+      case None =>
+        // nobody is monitoring this node
+      case Some(map) =>
+        // iterate over keys (RemotePids of interested clients)
+        val iter = map.keys
+        while (iter.hasNext) {
+          val client = iter.next
+          for (val i <- List.range(0, map(client))) {
+            // send nodedown msg
+            client ! Pair(NodeDown(), mnode)
+          }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Node.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Node.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f407bdfd21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Node.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+[serializable] abstract class Node;
+
+[serializable] case class TcpNode(address: String, port: int) extends Node;
+[serializable] case class JXTANode(name: String) extends Node;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NodeComb.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NodeComb.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c18540c6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/NodeComb.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers.BytePickle._;
+
+object NodeComb {
+  def tcpNodePU: SPU[TcpNode] =
+    wrap((p: Pair[String,int]) => TcpNode(p._1, p._2),
+         (n: TcpNode) => Pair(n.address, n.port), pair(string, nat));
+  def jxtaNodePU: SPU[JXTANode] =
+    wrap((s: String) => JXTANode(s),
+         (n: JXTANode) => n.name, string);
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemoteActor.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemoteActor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef3f98db70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemoteActor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed
+
+import scala.actors.multi.MailBox
+import scala.actors.multi.Actor
+import scala.actors.multi.Pid
+import scala.actors.multi.LocalPid
+import scala.actors.multi.ExcHandlerDesc
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.collection.mutable.Stack
+
+abstract class ServiceName
+case class JXTA(groupName: String) extends ServiceName
+case class TCP() extends ServiceName
+
+class RemoteActor extends Actor {
+  override def forwardExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) = {
+    // locality check (handler local to this actor?)
+    if (destDesc.pid == self)
+      handleExc(destDesc, e)
+    else
+      kernel.forwardExc(destDesc, e)
+  }
+
+  override def receive(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      continuation = null
+      sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+        case Some(msg) =>
+	  try {
+            f(msg)
+          }
+          catch {
+            case d: Done =>
+              throw new Done
+            case t: Throwable =>
+              if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+                forwardExc(excHandlerDescs.top, t)
+              else
+                die(Symbol(t.toString()))
+          }
+          die()
+        case None =>
+          continuation = f
+          Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  var kernel: NetKernel = null;
+
+  def node =
+    self.node
+
+  def nodes = kernel.nodes
+
+  private var selfCached: RemotePid = null
+
+  override def self: RemotePid = {
+    if (selfCached == null)
+      selfCached = kernel pidOf this
+    selfCached
+  }
+
+  def serialize(index: String, rep: Serializer => AnyRef) =
+    kernel.registerSerializer(index, rep);
+
+  def alive(s: ServiceName): unit = {
+    var service: Service = null
+    s match {
+      case TCP() =>
+        val serv = new TcpService(TcpService.generatePort)
+        service = serv
+        serv.start()
+      /*case JXTA(groupName) =>
+        val serv = new ch.epfl.lamp.scala.actors.jxta.JXTAService("AliveActor"
+				    + new java.util.Date().getTime() + "-"
+				    + new java.util.Random().nextInt(1000),
+				    java.util.logging.Level.FINEST) {
+          //millis before we give up group creation and create the group.
+          override def TIME_BEFORE_AUTO_GROUP_CREATE: long = 30000
+	  val PIPE_ID:String="1"
+          //val ADV_LIFETIME:long = 1 * 60 * 60 * 1000 //millis to keep advertisements ...
+          override def  MY_GROUP_NAME:String = groupName
+          /*val SENDER_MESSAGE = "PalcomDemo"; //used to identify the message element in jxta messages
+          val PIPE_BASE_ID:String = "PIPE4Pal4"+MY_GROUP_NAME;
+          val MESSAGE_THRESHOLD = 5;*/
+        }
+        service = serv
+        serv.start()*/
+      case _ => throw new Exception ("Unknown Service in RemoteActor")
+    }
+    // create RemotePid
+    selfCached = service.kernel.register(this)
+  }
+
+  def node(pid: Pid): Node = pid match {
+    case rpid: RemotePid => rpid.node
+    case lpid: LocalPid => null
+  }
+
+  def disconnectNode(node: Node) =
+    kernel.disconnectNode(node);
+  //does not call start def of Actor
+  def register(name: Symbol, pid: RemotePid): unit =
+    kernel.registerName(name, pid);
+
+  //calls start def of Actor
+  def register(name: Symbol, a: RemoteActor): unit =
+    kernel.registerName(name, a);
+
+  def name(node: Node, sym: Symbol): Name =
+    Name(node, sym, kernel)
+
+  def spawn(node: Node, name: String): RemotePid =
+    kernel.spawn(self, node, name);
+
+  def spawn(node: Node, a: RemoteActor): unit =
+    kernel.spawn(self, node, a);
+
+  def spawn(fun: RemoteActor => unit): RemotePid =
+    kernel.spawn(fun);
+
+  def spawn(a: RemoteActor): RemotePid = {
+    val pid = kernel.register(a)
+    a.start
+    pid
+  }
+
+  def spawnLink(fun: RemoteActor => unit): RemotePid =
+    kernel.spawnLink(self, fun);
+
+  def monitorNode(node: Node, cond: boolean) =
+    kernel.monitorNode(self, node, cond);
+
+  // this should be:
+  // self.link(pid)
+  // if self is RemotePid it will invoke NetKernel
+
+  def link(pid: RemotePid): unit =
+    kernel.link(self, pid);
+
+  def unlink(pid: RemotePid): unit =
+    kernel.unlink(self, pid);
+
+  override def exit(reason: Symbol): unit =
+    kernel.exit(self, reason);
+
+  override def processFlag(flag: Symbol, set: boolean) =
+    kernel.processFlag(self, flag, set);
+
+  override def die(reason: Symbol) = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+      kernel.exit(self, reason)
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def die() = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+      kernel.exit(self, 'normal)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemotePid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemotePid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bb70e3f4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/RemotePid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed
+
+import scala.actors.multi.Pid
+import scala.actors.multi.MailBox
+import scala.actors.multi.ExcHandlerDesc
+
+import java.io._
+
+[serializable]
+abstract class RemotePid(locId: int, kern: NetKernel, actor: RemoteActor) extends Pid {
+  def this() = this(0, null, null) // for serialization
+
+  private var _locId = locId
+
+  override def equals(that: Any) = that match {
+    case rpid: RemotePid =>
+      (this.node == rpid.node && this.localId == rpid.localId)
+    case _ => false
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException])]
+  private def writeObject(out: ObjectOutputStream): Unit = {
+    //Console.println("writing locID"+locId)
+    out.writeInt(locId)
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException]), throws(classOf[ClassNotFoundException])]
+  private def readObject(in: ObjectInputStream): Unit = {
+    _locId = in.readInt()
+    //Console.println("read _locID"+_locId)
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[ObjectStreamException])]
+  private def readResolve(): AnyRef = {
+    Console.println("readResolve")
+    null
+    //build nothing. Subclasses will do...
+  }
+
+  def node: Node;
+
+  def localId: int = locId;
+
+  def kernel = kern;
+
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit = {
+    //Console.println("! " + msg)
+    if (actor != null)
+      actor send msg
+    else
+      kernel.remoteSend(this, msg)
+  }
+
+  def link(other: Pid): unit =
+    other match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        kernel.link(this, rpid)
+    };
+
+  //TODO (dont know if this is local to kernel.node)
+  def linkTo(other: Pid): unit =
+    other match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        // do nothing
+    };
+
+  def unlink(other: Pid): unit =
+    other match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        kernel.unlink(this, rpid)
+    };
+
+  //TODO (dont know if this is local to kernel.node)
+  def unlinkFrom(other: Pid): unit =
+    other match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        // do nothing
+    };
+
+  def exit(reason: Symbol): unit = kernel.exit(this, reason);
+  def exit(from: Pid, reason: Symbol): unit = {
+    from match {
+      case rpid: RemotePid =>
+        kernel.exit(rpid, reason);
+    }
+  }
+
+  def handleExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable): unit = {}
+}
+
+[serializable] case class TcpPid(n: TcpNode, locId: int, kern: NetKernel, actor: RemoteActor) extends RemotePid(locId, kern, actor) {
+  def node: TcpNode = n;
+
+  private var _locId = locId
+  private var _node = n
+
+  override def equals(that: Any) =
+    super.equals(that)
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException])]
+  private def writeObject(out: ObjectOutputStream): Unit = {
+    out.writeInt(locId)
+    out.writeObject(n)
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException]), throws(classOf[ClassNotFoundException])]
+  private def readObject(in: ObjectInputStream): Unit = {
+    _locId = in.readInt()
+    _node = in.readObject().asInstanceOf[TcpNode]
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[ObjectStreamException])]
+  private def readResolve(): AnyRef = {
+    val kernel = NetKernel.kernel;
+    //TODO val actor = kernel.getLocalRef(_locId)
+    TcpPid(_node, _locId, kernel, actor)
+  }
+}
+
+[serializable] case class JXTAPid(n: JXTANode, locId: int, kern: NetKernel, actor: RemoteActor) extends RemotePid(locId, kern, actor) {
+  def node: JXTANode = n;
+
+  private  var _locId = locId
+  private  var _node = n
+
+  override def equals(that: Any) =
+    super.equals(that)
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException])]
+  private def writeObject(out: ObjectOutputStream): Unit = {
+    out.writeInt(locId)
+    out.writeObject(n)
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[IOException]), throws(classOf[ClassNotFoundException])]
+  private def readObject(in: ObjectInputStream): Unit = {
+    _locId = in.readInt()
+    _node = in.readObject().asInstanceOf[JXTANode]
+  }
+
+  //[throws(classOf[ObjectStreamException])]
+  private def readResolve(): AnyRef = {
+    val kernel = NetKernel.kernel;
+    //TODO val actor = kernel.getLocalRef(_locId)
+    JXTAPid(_node, _locId, kernel, actor)
+  }
+}
+
+//================================================================================
+
+object CaseTest {
+
+  def getBytes(obj: AnyRef): Array[byte] = {
+    val bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
+    val out = new ObjectOutputStream(bos)
+    out.writeObject(obj)
+    out.flush()
+    bos.toByteArray()
+  }
+
+  def getObject(a: Array[byte]): AnyRef = {
+    val bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(a)
+    val in = new ObjectInputStream(bis)
+    val obj = in.readObject()
+    obj
+  }
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
+    val node = JXTANode ("test node");
+    val pid1 = JXTAPid (node, 4, null, null);
+    val pid2 = JXTAPid (node, 4, new NetKernel(null), null);
+
+    Console.println("node Before: " + node)
+    Console.println("node After : " + getObject(getBytes(node)))
+
+    Console.println("pid1 Before: " + pid1)
+    Console.println("pid1 After : " + getObject(getBytes(pid1)))
+
+    Console.println("pid2 Before: " + pid2)
+    Console.println("pid2 After : " + getObject(getBytes(pid2)))
+
+    Console.println("pid2 After : " + getObject((new String (getBytes(pid2))).getBytes))
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Serializer.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Serializer.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..868d996131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Serializer.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers.BytePickle.SPU;
+import scala.actors.multi.Pid;
+
+abstract class Serializer(s: Service) {
+  def serialize(o: AnyRef/*, w: Writer*/): Array[byte];
+  def deserialize(a: Array[byte]/*r: Reader*/): AnyRef;
+
+  // throws IOException
+  def readBytes(inputStream: DataInputStream): Array[byte] = {
+    try {
+      val length = inputStream.readInt();
+      val bytes = new Array[byte](length);
+      inputStream.readFully(bytes, 0, length);
+      return bytes;
+    }
+    catch {
+      case npe: NullPointerException => {
+        throw new EOFException("Connection closed.");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
+  def readObject(inputStream: DataInputStream): AnyRef = {
+    val bytes = readBytes(inputStream);
+    deserialize(bytes);
+  }
+
+  // throws IOException
+  def writeBytes(outputStream: DataOutputStream, bytes: Array[byte]): unit = {
+    val length = bytes.length;
+    // original length
+    outputStream.writeInt(length);
+    outputStream.write(bytes, 0, length);
+    outputStream.flush();
+  }
+
+  // throws IOException
+  def writeObject(outputStream: DataOutputStream, obj: AnyRef) = {
+    val bytes = serialize(obj);
+    writeBytes(outputStream, bytes);
+  }
+
+  def pid: SPU[Pid];
+  def service = s;
+  def addRep(name: String, repCons: Serializer => AnyRef): unit;
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Service.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Service.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23a09a09c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Service.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+trait Service {
+  val serializer: Serializer;
+  def node: Node;
+  def createPid(actor: RemoteActor): RemotePid;
+  def send(node: Node, data: Array[byte]): unit;
+  def connect(node: Node): unit; // non blocking.
+  def disconnectNode(node: Node): unit;
+  def isConnected(node: Node): boolean;
+
+  //blocking. timeout depends on Implementation.
+  def isReachable(node: Node): boolean;
+
+  def getRoundTripTimeMillis(node:Node): long; //blocking
+
+  def nodes:List[Node]
+
+// implemented parts:
+
+  private val kern = new NetKernel(this);
+  def kernel = kern;
+
+  def spawn(name: String): RemotePid =
+    kern spawn name;
+
+  def spawn(name: String, arg: RemotePid): RemotePid =
+    kern.spawn(name, arg);
+
+
+  //suggested addition by seb
+  def spawn(fun: RemoteActor => unit): RemotePid =
+    kernel.spawn(fun);
+  def spawn(a:RemoteActor):RemotePid = {
+    //Console.println("Service:spawn(RemoteActor)")
+    val pid = kernel.register(a)
+    //Console.println("RemoteActor("+a+") registered in kernel")
+    a.start
+    //Console.println("RemoteActor("+a+") started")
+    pid
+  }
+
+  def send(pid: RemotePid, msg: AnyRef): unit = synchronized {
+    if (pid.node == this.node)
+      kernel.localSend(pid, msg)
+    else
+      kernel.remoteSend(pid, msg)
+  }
+
+  def remoteSend(pid: RemotePid, msg: AnyRef): unit = synchronized {
+    //Console.println("Service: Sending " + msg + " to " + pid)
+    // lets try to serialize the message
+    //val sw = new StringWriter
+    //serializer.serialize(msg, sw)
+    val bytes = serializer.serialize(msg)
+    //val sendMsg = Send(pid, sw.toString())
+    val sendMsg = Send(pid, bytes)
+    //val sw2 = new StringWriter
+    //serializer.serialize(sendMsg, sw2)
+    //send(pid.node, sw2.toString())
+    val bytes2 = serializer.serialize(sendMsg)
+    send(pid.node, bytes2)
+  }
+
+  private var idCnt = 0;
+  def makeUid = { idCnt = idCnt + 1; idCnt }
+
+
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpSerializerComb.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpSerializerComb.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d806c8c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpSerializerComb.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.io._;
+import scala.collection.mutable._;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.picklers.BytePickle._;
+
+import scala.actors.distributed.MessagesComb._;
+import scala.actors.distributed.NodeComb._;
+import scala.actors.multi._;
+
+//import scala.actors.distributed.examples.CounterMessagesComb._;
+
+//TODO: change Service to NetKernel in Serializer interface
+class TcpSerializerComb(serv: Service) extends Serializer(serv) {
+
+  private def lookup(typename: String): PU[AnyRef] = {
+    val op = table.get(typename)
+    op match {
+      case None =>
+        error("No type representation found.")
+        null
+      case Some(rep) =>
+        val repr = rep.asInstanceOf[PU[AnyRef]]
+        repr
+    }
+  }
+
+  private def lookup(r: Reader): PU[AnyRef] = {
+    // read length of type name
+    val carr = new Array[char](8)
+    r.read(carr)
+    val len = Util.decode(new String(carr))
+    val content = new Array[char](len)
+    r.read(content)
+    lookup(new String(content))
+  }
+
+  def pid: SPU[Pid] = {
+    val nodeIntPU = wrap((p: Pair[TcpNode,int]) => TcpPid(p._1, p._2, serv.kernel,
+                                                      if (p._1 == serv.node) serv.kernel.getLocalRef(p._2)
+                                                      else null),
+                         (t: TcpPid) => Pair(t.node, t.localId),
+                         pair(tcpNodePU, nat));
+
+    wrap((p:Pid) => p, (pid:Pid) => pid match {
+      case tpid: TcpPid =>
+        tpid
+      case other =>
+        error("no instance of TcpPid!!")
+    }, nodeIntPU)
+  }
+
+  def anyRef: SPU[AnyRef] =
+    wrap((typename: String) => Class.forName(typename).newInstance().asInstanceOf[AnyRef],
+         (obj: AnyRef) => Util.baseName(obj),
+         string);
+
+  def actorPU: SPU[RA] =
+    wrap((typename: String) => RA(Class.forName(typename).newInstance().asInstanceOf[RemoteActor]),
+         (obj: RA) => Util.baseName(obj.a),
+         string);
+
+  val log = new Debug("TcpSerializerComb")
+  log.level = 3
+
+  val table = new HashMap[String, AnyRef]
+
+  initialize
+  def initialize = {
+    table += "int" -> nat
+    table += "Send" -> sendPU(this)
+    table += "Spawn" -> spawnPU(this)
+    table += "TcpNode" -> tcpNodePU
+    table += "TcpPid" -> pid
+    table += "Exit" -> exitPU(this)
+    table += "AnyRef" -> anyRef
+
+    table += "RA" -> actorPU
+    table += "SpawnObject" -> spawnObjectPU(this)
+
+    //table += "Incr" -> incrPU(this)
+    //table += "Value" -> valuePU(this)
+    //table += "Result" -> resultPU(this)
+  }
+
+  def addRep(name: String, repCons: Serializer => AnyRef) =
+    table.update(name, repCons(this));
+
+  def +=(name: String) =
+    new InternalMapTo(name);
+
+  class InternalMapTo(name: String) {
+    def ->(repCons: Serializer => AnyRef): unit =
+      table.update(name, repCons(TcpSerializerComb.this));
+  }
+
+  def serialize(o: AnyRef): Array[byte] = {
+    log.info("pickling value of type " + Util.baseName(o));
+    val op = table.get(Util.baseName(o));
+    op match {
+      case None => error("No type representation for " + Util.baseName(o) + " found. Cannot serialize.");
+      case Some(rep) =>
+        // first write type name
+        val bytes = pickle(string, Util.baseName(o))
+        val repr = rep.asInstanceOf[SPU[AnyRef]];
+        log.info("using type representation " + repr);
+        val res = repr.appP(o, new PicklerState(bytes, new PicklerEnv)).stream
+        res
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  def deserialize(bytes: Array[byte]): AnyRef = {
+    val ups = string.appU(new UnPicklerState(bytes, new UnPicklerEnv))
+    val typename = ups._1
+    table.get(typename) match {
+      case None => error("No type representation for " + typename + " found. Cannot deserialize.")
+      case Some(rep) =>
+        val repr = rep.asInstanceOf[SPU[AnyRef]];
+        val obj = repr.appU(ups._2)._1
+        log.info("unpickling successful")
+        obj
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpService.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpService.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d714eba314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpService.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.net._;
+import java.io._;
+
+import java.util.logging._;
+
+object TcpService {
+  val random = new java.util.Random(0)
+
+  def generatePort: int = {
+    var portnum = 0
+    try {
+      portnum = 8000 + random.nextInt(500)
+      val socket = new ServerSocket(portnum)
+      socket.close()
+    }
+    catch {
+      case ioe: IOException =>
+        // this happens when trying to open a socket twice at the same port
+        // try again
+        generatePort
+      case se: SecurityException =>
+        // do nothing
+    }
+    portnum
+  }
+}
+
+object TestPorts {
+  def main(args: Array[String]): unit = {
+    val random = new java.util.Random(0)
+    val socket = new ServerSocket(8000 + random.nextInt(500))
+    Console.println(TcpService.generatePort)
+  }
+}
+
+class TcpService(port: int) extends Thread with Service {
+  val serializer: JavaSerializer = new JavaSerializer(this);
+
+  private val internalNode = new TcpNode(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress(), port);
+  def node: TcpNode = internalNode;
+
+  def createPid(actor: RemoteActor): RemotePid =
+    new TcpPid(internalNode, makeUid, kernel, actor)
+
+  def send(node: Node, data: String): unit = synchronized {
+    // retrieve worker thread (if any) that already has connection
+    node match {
+      case tnode: TcpNode =>
+        getConnection(tnode) match {
+          case None =>
+            // we are not connected, yet
+            Console.println("We are not connected, yet.");
+            val newWorker = connect(tnode); //bad in a sync BLOCK!!!
+            newWorker transmit data
+          case Some(worker) => worker transmit data
+        }
+      case any => error("no TcpNode!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  def send(node: Node, data: Array[byte]): unit = synchronized {
+    // retrieve worker thread (if any) that already has connection
+    node match {
+      case tnode: TcpNode =>
+        getConnection(tnode) match {
+          case None =>
+            // we are not connected, yet
+            Console.println("We are not connected, yet.");
+            val newWorker = connect(tnode); //bad in a sync BLOCK!!!
+            newWorker transmit data
+          case Some(worker) => worker transmit data
+        }
+      case any => error("no TcpNode!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def run(): unit = {
+    try {
+      val socket = new ServerSocket(port);
+      Console.println("Tcp Service started: " + node);
+
+      while (true) {
+        val nextClient = socket.accept();
+        Console.println("Received request from " + nextClient.getInetAddress() + ":" + nextClient.getPort());
+
+        // this is bad because client will have other port than actual node
+        // solution: worker should read node from stream
+        // and call main thread to update connection table
+
+        // spawn new worker thread
+        val worker = new TcpServiceWorker(this, nextClient);
+        worker.readNode;
+        // start worker thread
+        worker.start()
+      }
+    }
+    catch {
+      case ioe:IOException => {
+        // do nothing
+      }
+      case sec:SecurityException => {
+        // do nothing
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // connection management
+
+  private val connections = new scala.collection.mutable.HashMap[TcpNode,TcpServiceWorker];
+
+  def nodes:List[Node] = throw new Exception ("nodes need to be implemented in TcpService!")
+
+  def addConnection(n: TcpNode, w: TcpServiceWorker) = synchronized {
+    connections += n -> w
+  }
+
+  def getConnection(n: TcpNode) = synchronized {
+    connections.get(n)
+  }
+
+  def isConnected(n: Node): boolean = synchronized {
+    n match {
+      case tnode: TcpNode =>
+        connections.get(tnode) match {
+          case None => false
+          case Some(x) => true
+        }
+      case _ => false
+    }
+  }
+
+  def connect(n: Node): unit = synchronized {
+    n match {
+      case tnode: TcpNode =>
+      	connect(tnode)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def connect(n: TcpNode): TcpServiceWorker = synchronized {
+    Console.println("" + node + ": Connecting to node " + n + " ...")
+    val sock = new Socket(n.address, n.port)
+    Console.println("Connected.")
+    // spawn new worker thread
+    val worker = new TcpServiceWorker(this, sock)
+    worker.sendNode;
+    // start worker thread
+    worker.start()
+    // register locally (we want to reuse connections which correspond to connected sockets)
+    // update connection table
+    addConnection(n, worker)
+    worker
+  }
+
+  def disconnectNode(n: Node) = synchronized {
+    n match {
+      case node: TcpNode =>
+        Console.println("Disconnecting from " + node + " ...")
+        connections.get(node) match {
+          case None => Console.println("Cannot disconnect from " + node + ". Not connected.")
+          case Some(worker) =>
+            //TODO: sending disconnect message
+            //worker.sendDisconnect;
+            // update table
+            connections -= node
+            Console.println("Halting worker...")
+            worker.halt
+        }
+      case any => error("No TcpNode!!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  def isReachable(node: Node): boolean =
+    if (isConnected(node)) true
+    else try {
+      connect(node)
+      return true
+    }
+    catch {
+      case uhe: UnknownHostException =>
+        false
+      case ioe: IOException =>
+        false
+      case se: SecurityException =>
+        false
+    }
+
+  def getRoundTripTimeMillis(node: Node): long = 0
+
+  def nodeDown(mnode: TcpNode): unit = synchronized {
+    kernel nodeDown mnode
+    connections -= mnode
+  }
+
+  /*def closeConnection(worker: TcpServiceWorker): unit = synchronized {
+    connections.get(worker) match {
+      case None =>
+        System.err.println("Worker " + worker + " not registered.");
+      case Some(socket) => {
+        try {
+          socket.close();
+          connections -= worker
+        }
+        catch {
+          case ioe:IOException =>
+            System.err.println("Couldn't close connection.");
+            connections -= worker
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    System.out.println("OK. Connection closed.")
+  }*/
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpServiceWorker.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpServiceWorker.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4346b09d61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/TcpServiceWorker.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.net._;
+import java.io._;
+
+class TcpServiceWorker(parent: TcpService, so: Socket) extends Thread {
+  val in = so.getInputStream();
+  val out = so.getOutputStream();
+
+  val datain = new DataInputStream(in);
+  val dataout = new DataOutputStream(out);
+
+  val reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
+  val writer = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
+
+  val log = new Debug("TcpServiceWorker")
+  log.level = 2
+
+  def transmit(msg: Send): unit = synchronized {
+    val data = parent.serializer.serialize(msg);
+    transmit(data);
+  }
+
+  def transmit(data: String): unit = synchronized {
+    log.info("Transmitting " + data)
+    writer.write(data)
+    writer.flush()
+  }
+
+  def transmit(data: Array[byte]): unit = synchronized {
+    log.info("Transmitting " + data)
+    dataout.writeInt(data.length);
+    dataout.write(data)
+    dataout.flush()
+  }
+
+  def sendNode = {
+    Console.println("Sending our name " + parent.node);
+    parent.serializer.writeObject(dataout, parent.node);
+  }
+
+  var connectedNode: TcpNode = _;
+
+  def readNode = {
+    Console.println("" + parent.node + ": Reading node name...");
+    //val node = parent.serializer.deserialize(reader);
+    val node = parent.serializer.readObject(datain);
+    Console.println("Connection from " + node);
+    node match {
+      case n: TcpNode => {
+        connectedNode = n
+        Console.println("Adding connection to " + node + " to table.");
+        parent.addConnection(n, this)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  var running = true;
+  def halt = synchronized {
+    so.close(); // close socket
+    running = false; // stop
+  }
+
+  override def run(): unit = {
+    try {
+      while (running) {
+        if (in.available() > 0) {
+          log.info("deserializing...");
+          //val msg = parent.serializer.deserialize(reader);
+          val msg = parent.serializer.readObject(datain);
+          log.info("Received object: " + msg);
+          parent.kernel.processMsg(msg)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    catch {
+      case ioe:IOException =>
+        Console.println("" + ioe + " while reading from socket.");
+        parent nodeDown connectedNode
+      case e:Exception =>
+        // catch-all
+        Console.println("" + e + " while reading from socket.");
+        parent nodeDown connectedNode
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Util.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Util.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a54e455edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/Util.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed;
+
+import java.io._;
+import scala.collection.mutable._;
+
+object Util {
+  def pad(s: String, req: int): String = {
+    val buf = new StringBuffer;
+    val add: int = req - s.length();
+    for (val i <- List.range(1, add+1))
+      buf append "0";
+    buf append s;
+    buf.toString()
+  }
+
+  def encode(i: int) = pad(Integer.toHexString(i), 8);
+  def encode(l: long) = pad(java.lang.Long.toHexString(l), 16);
+  def decode(s: String): int = Integer.decode("0x" + s).intValue();
+  def decodeLong(s: String): long = java.lang.Long.decode("0x" + s).longValue();
+
+  def baseName(o: Any) = {
+    val s = o.toString();
+
+    def baseName(s: String): String = {
+      if (s.indexOf('$') != -1)
+        baseName(s.substring(0,s.indexOf('$')))
+      else if (s.indexOf('(') != -1)
+        baseName(s.substring(0,s.indexOf('(')))
+      else if (s.indexOf('@') != -1)
+        baseName(s.substring(0,s.indexOf('@')))
+      else s
+    }
+
+    baseName(s)
+  }
+
+  def extractArgs(s: String): Buffer[String] = {
+    // extract strings between first-level commas
+    var level: int = 0;
+    val carr: Array[char] = s.toCharArray();
+    var buf = new StringBuffer; // current string
+    val args = new ArrayBuffer[String];
+
+    for (val i <- List.range(0,carr.length)) {
+      if ((level == 0) && (carr(i) == ',')) {
+        // argument finished
+        args += buf.toString();
+        buf = new StringBuffer
+      } else {
+        if (carr(i) == '(') level = level + 1;
+        if (carr(i) == ')') level = level - 1;
+        buf append carr(i)
+      }
+    }
+    args += buf.toString();
+    args
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/BytePickle.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/BytePickle.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..796fc9a353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/BytePickle.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed.picklers
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
+
+/**
+  Pickler combinators.
+
+  Author: Philipp Haller <philipp.haller@epfl.ch>
+  */
+
+object BytePickle {
+  class PicklerState(val stream: Array[byte], val dict: PicklerEnv) {}
+  class UnPicklerState(val stream: Array[byte], val dict: UnPicklerEnv) {}
+
+  abstract class PU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: Array[byte]): Array[byte];
+    def appU(state: Array[byte]): Pair[t, Array[byte]];
+  }
+
+  abstract class SPU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: PicklerState): PicklerState;
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState): Pair[t, UnPicklerState];
+  }
+
+  class PicklerEnv extends HashMap[Any, int] {
+    private var cnt: int = 64;
+    def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+  }
+
+  class UnPicklerEnv extends HashMap[int, Any] {
+    private var cnt: int = 64;
+    def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+  }
+
+  abstract class RefDef;
+  case class Ref() extends RefDef;
+  case class Def() extends RefDef;
+
+  def refDef: PU[RefDef] = new PU[RefDef] {
+    def appP(b: RefDef, s: Array[byte]): Array[byte] =
+      b match {
+        case Ref() => Array.concat(s, (List[byte](0)).toArray)
+        case Def() => Array.concat(s, (List[byte](1)).toArray)
+      };
+    def appU(s: Array[byte]): Pair[RefDef, Array[byte]] =
+      if (s(0) == 0) Pair(Ref(), s.subArray(1, s.length))
+      else Pair(Def(), s.subArray(1, s.length));
+  }
+
+  val REF = 0
+  val DEF = 1
+
+  def unat: PU[int] = new PU[int] {
+    def appP(n: int, s: Array[byte]): Array[byte] =
+      Array.concat(s, nat2Bytes(n));
+    def appU(s: Array[byte]): Pair[int, Array[byte]] = {
+      var num = 0
+      def readNat: int = {
+        var b = 0;
+        var x = 0;
+        do {
+          b = s(num)
+          num = num + 1
+          x = (x << 7) + (b & 0x7f);
+        } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+        x
+      }
+      Pair(readNat, s.subArray(num, s.length))
+    }
+  }
+
+  def share[a](pa: SPU[a]): SPU[a] = new SPU[a] {
+    def appP(v: a, state: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      /*
+      - is there some value equal to v associated with a location l in the pickle environment?
+      - yes: write REF-tag to outstream together with l
+      - no:
+          write DEF-tag to outstream
+          record current location l of outstream
+          --> serialize value
+          add entry to pickle environment, mapping v onto l
+      */
+      val pe = state.dict
+      pe.get(v) match {
+        case None =>
+          //Console.println("" + v + " is new")
+	  //Console.println("writing DEF...")
+          val sPrime = refDef.appP(Def(), state.stream)
+          val l = pe.nextLoc()
+
+          //Console.println("applying pickler to state " + sPrime)
+          val sPrimePrime = pa.appP(v, new PicklerState(sPrime, pe))
+
+          //Console.println("updating dict (" + l + ") for " + v)
+          pe.update(v, l)
+
+          return sPrimePrime
+        case Some(l) =>
+          //Console.println("writing REF...")
+          val sPrime = refDef.appP(Ref(), state.stream)
+
+          //Console.println("writing location to state " + sPrime)
+          return new PicklerState(unat.appP(l, sPrime), pe)
+      }
+    }
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState): Pair[a, UnPicklerState] = {
+      /*
+      - first, read tag (i.e. DEF or REF)
+      - if REF:
+          read location l
+          look up resulting value in unpickler environment
+      - if DEF:
+          record location l of input stream
+          --> deserialize value v with argument deserializer
+          add entry to unpickler environment, mapping l onto v
+      */
+      val upe = state.dict
+      val res = refDef.appU(state.stream)
+      res._1 match {
+        case Def() =>
+          val l = upe.nextLoc
+          val res2 = pa.appU(new UnPicklerState(res._2, upe))
+          upe.update(l, res2._1)
+          return res2
+        case Ref() =>
+          val res2 = unat.appU(res._2)  // read location
+          upe.get(res2._1) match {     // lookup value in unpickler env
+            case None => error("invalid unpickler environment"); return null
+            case Some(v) => return Pair(v.asInstanceOf[a], new UnPicklerState(res2._2, upe))
+          }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def upickle[t](p: PU[t], a: t): Array[byte] =
+    p.appP(a, new Array[byte](0));
+
+  def uunpickle[t](p: PU[t], stream: Array[byte]): t =
+    p.appU(stream)._1;
+
+  def pickle[t](p: SPU[t], a: t): Array[byte] =
+    p.appP(a, new PicklerState(new Array[byte](0), new PicklerEnv)).stream;
+
+  def unpickle[t](p: SPU[t], stream: Array[byte]): t =
+    p.appU(new UnPicklerState(stream, new UnPicklerEnv))._1;
+
+  def ulift[t](x: t): PU[t] = new PU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: Array[byte]): Array[byte] =
+      if (x != a) { error("value to be pickled (" + a + ") != " + x); state }
+      else state;
+    def appU(state: Array[byte]) = Pair(x, state);
+  }
+
+  def lift[t](x: t): SPU[t] = new SPU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: PicklerState): PicklerState =
+      if (x != a) { /*error("value to be pickled (" + a + ") != " + x);*/ state }
+      else state;
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState) = Pair(x, state);
+  }
+
+  def usequ[t,u](f: u => t, pa: PU[t], k: t => PU[u]): PU[u] = new PU[u] {
+    def appP(b: u, s: Array[byte]): Array[byte] = {
+      val a = f(b)
+      val sPrime = pa.appP(a, s)
+      val pb = k(a)
+      val sPrimePrime = pb.appP(b, sPrime)
+      sPrimePrime
+    }
+    def appU(s: Array[byte]): Pair[u, Array[byte]] = {
+      val resPa = pa.appU(s)
+      val a = resPa._1
+      val sPrime = resPa._2
+      val pb = k(a)
+      pb.appU(sPrime)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def sequ[t,u](f: u => t, pa: SPU[t], k: t => SPU[u]): SPU[u] = new SPU[u] {
+    def appP(b: u, s: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      val a = f(b)
+      //Console.println("pickling " + a + ", s: " + s.stream)
+      val sPrime = pa.appP(a, s)
+      val pb = k(a)
+      //Console.println("pickling " + b + ", s: " + s.stream)
+      pb.appP(b, sPrime)
+    }
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[u, UnPicklerState] = {
+      val resPa = pa.appU(s)
+      val a = resPa._1
+      val sPrime = resPa._2
+      val pb = k(a)
+      pb.appU(sPrime)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def upair[a,b](pa: PU[a], pb: PU[b]): PU[Pair[a,b]] = {
+    def fst(p: Pair[a,b]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Pair[a,b]): b = p._2;
+    usequ(fst, pa, (x: a) => usequ(snd, pb, (y: b) => ulift(Pair(x, y))))
+  }
+
+  def pair[a,b](pa: SPU[a], pb: SPU[b]): SPU[Pair[a,b]] = {
+    def fst(p: Pair[a,b]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Pair[a,b]): b = p._2;
+    sequ(fst, pa, (x: a) => sequ(snd, pb, (y: b) => lift(Pair(x, y))))
+  }
+
+  def triple[a,b,c](pa: SPU[a], pb: SPU[b], pc: SPU[c]): SPU[Triple[a,b,c]] = {
+    def fst(p: Triple[a,b,c]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Triple[a,b,c]): b = p._2;
+    def trd(p: Triple[a,b,c]): c = p._3;
+
+    sequ(fst, pa,
+         (x: a) => sequ(snd, pb,
+         (y: b) => sequ(trd, pc,
+         (z: c) => lift(Triple(x, y, z)))))
+  }
+
+  def uwrap[a,b](i: a => b, j: b => a, pa: PU[a]): PU[b] =
+    usequ(j, pa, (x: a) => ulift(i(x)));
+
+  def wrap[a,b](i: a => b, j: b => a, pa: SPU[a]): SPU[b] =
+    sequ(j, pa, (x: a) => lift(i(x)));
+
+  def appendByte(a: Array[byte], b: int): Array[byte] = {
+    Array.concat(a, (List[byte](b.asInstanceOf[byte])).toArray)
+  }
+
+  def nat2Bytes(x: int): Array[byte] = {
+    val buf = new ArrayBuffer[byte]
+    def writeNatPrefix(x: int): unit = {
+      val y = x >>> 7;
+      if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+      buf += ((x & 0x7f) | 0x80).asInstanceOf[byte];
+    }
+    val y = x >>> 7;
+    if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+    buf += (x & 0x7f).asInstanceOf[byte];
+    buf.toArray
+  }
+
+  def nat: SPU[int] = new SPU[int] {
+    def appP(n: int, s: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      new PicklerState(Array.concat(s.stream, nat2Bytes(n)), s.dict);
+    }
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[int,UnPicklerState] = {
+      var num = 0
+      def readNat: int = {
+        var b = 0;
+        var x = 0;
+        do {
+          b = s.stream(num)
+          num = num + 1
+          x = (x << 7) + (b & 0x7f);
+        } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+        x
+      }
+      Pair(readNat, new UnPicklerState(s.stream.subArray(num, s.stream.length), s.dict))
+    }
+  }
+
+  def byte: SPU[byte] = new SPU[byte] {
+    def appP(b: byte, s: PicklerState): PicklerState =
+      new PicklerState(Array.concat(s.stream, (List[byte](b)).toArray), s.dict);
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[byte, UnPicklerState] =
+      Pair(s.stream(0), new UnPicklerState(s.stream.subArray(1, s.stream.length), s.dict));
+  }
+
+  def string: SPU[String] =
+    share(wrap((a:Array[byte]) => UTF8Codec.decode(a, 0, a.length), (s:String) => UTF8Codec.encode(s), bytearray));
+
+  def bytearray: SPU[Array[byte]] = {
+    wrap((l:List[byte]) => l.toArray, .toList, list(byte))
+  }
+
+  def bool: SPU[boolean] = {
+    def toEnum(b: boolean) = if (b) 1 else 0;
+    def fromEnum(n: int) = if (n == 0) false else true;
+    wrap(fromEnum, toEnum, nat)
+  }
+
+  def ufixedList[a](pa: PU[a])(n: int): PU[List[a]] = {
+    def pairToList(p: Pair[a,List[a]]): List[a] =
+      p._1 :: p._2;
+    def listToPair(l: List[a]): Pair[a,List[a]] =
+      l match { case x :: xs => Pair(x, xs) }
+
+    if (n == 0) ulift(Nil)
+    else
+      uwrap(pairToList, listToPair, upair(pa, ufixedList(pa)(n-1)))
+  }
+
+  def fixedList[a](pa: SPU[a])(n: int): SPU[List[a]] = {
+    def pairToList(p: Pair[a,List[a]]): List[a] =
+      p._1 :: p._2;
+    def listToPair(l: List[a]): Pair[a,List[a]] =
+      l match { case x :: xs => Pair(x, xs) }
+
+    if (n == 0) lift(Nil)
+    else
+      wrap(pairToList, listToPair, pair(pa, fixedList(pa)(n-1)))
+  }
+
+  def list[a](pa: SPU[a]): SPU[List[a]] =
+    sequ((l: List[a])=>l.length, nat, fixedList(pa));
+
+  def ulist[a](pa: PU[a]): PU[List[a]] =
+    usequ((l:List[a]) => l.length, unat, ufixedList(pa));
+
+  def data[a](tag: a => int, ps: List[()=>SPU[a]]): SPU[a] =
+    sequ(tag, nat, (x: int)=> ps.apply(x)());
+
+  def printByteArray(a: Array[byte]) = {
+    val iter = a.elements
+    while (iter.hasNext) {
+      val el = iter.next
+      Console.print("" + el + ", ")
+    }
+  }
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
+    // test nat2Bytes
+
+    Console.println(printByteArray(nat2Bytes(1)))
+    Console.println(printByteArray(nat2Bytes(10)))
+    Console.println(printByteArray(nat2Bytes(16)))
+    Console.println(printByteArray(nat2Bytes(256)))
+
+    Console.println(100000)
+    var res = pickle(nat, 100000)
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res))
+    var up = unpickle(nat, res)
+    Console.println(up)
+
+    // -- int list
+    val intList = List(1, 7, 13)
+    Console.println(intList)
+    val res9 = pickle(list(nat), intList)
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res9))
+    val up9 = unpickle(list(nat), res9)
+    Console.println(up9)
+
+    // ---------------
+    // -- boolean list
+    val bList = List(false, true, true)
+    Console.println(bList)
+    val res2 = pickle(list(bool), bList)
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res2))
+    val up2 = unpickle(list(bool), res2)
+    Console.println(up2)
+
+    // -- string
+    val s = "Hello"
+    Console.println(s)
+    val res3 = pickle(string, s)
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res3))
+    val up3 = unpickle(string, res3)
+    Console.println(up3)
+
+    val personPU = wrap((p:Pair[String,int]) => Person(p._1, p._2), (p:Person) => Pair(p.name, p.age), pair(string, nat));
+    val p = Person("Philipp", 25)
+    Console.println(p)
+    val res4 = pickle(personPU, p)
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res4))
+    val up4 = unpickle(personPU, res4)
+    Console.println(up4)
+
+    val x = Var("x");
+    val i = Lam("x", x);
+    val k = Lam("x", Lam("y", x));
+    val kki = App(k, App(k, i));
+
+    /*def varPU: PU[Term] = wrap(Var,
+                               (t: Term)=> t match {case Var(x)=>x},
+                               string);
+    def lamPU: PU[Term] = wrap(p: Pair[String,Term]=>Lam(p._1, p._2),
+                               (t: Term)=> t match {case Lam(s, t)=>Pair(s, t)},
+                               pair(string, termPU));
+    def appPU: PU[Term] = wrap(p: Pair[Term,Term]=>App(p._1, p._2),
+                               (t: Term)=> t match {case App(t1, t2)=>Pair(t1, t2)},
+                               pair(termPU, termPU));
+    def termPU: PU[Term] = data((t: Term)=> t match {case Var(_)=>0; case Lam(_,_)=>1; case App(_,_)=>2},
+                                    List(()=>varPU, ()=>lamPU, ()=>appPU));
+
+    Console.println("\n" + k);
+    val res5 = pickle(termPU, k);
+    Console.println(res5);
+    val up5 = unpickle(termPU, res5);
+    Console.println(up5);
+
+    Console.println("\n" + kki);
+    val res6 = pickle(termPU, kki);
+    Console.println(res6);
+    Console.println("len: " + res6.length)
+    val up6 = unpickle(termPU, res6);
+    Console.println(up6);*/
+
+    def varSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap(Var,
+        (t: Term)=> t match {case Var(x)=>x},
+        string);
+
+    def lamSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap((p: Pair[String,Term])=>Lam(p._1, p._2),
+        (t: Term)=> t match {case Lam(s, t)=>Pair(s, t)},
+        pair(string, termSPU));
+
+    def appSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap((p: Pair[Term,Term])=>App(p._1, p._2),
+        (t: Term)=> t match {case App(t1, t2)=>Pair(t1, t2)},
+        pair(termSPU, termSPU));
+
+    def termSPU: SPU[Term] = share(data((t: Term)=> t match {case Var(_)=>0; case Lam(_,_)=>1; case App(_,_)=>2},
+             List(()=>varSPU, ()=>lamSPU, ()=>appSPU)));
+
+    Console.println("\n" + k);
+    val res8 = pickle(termSPU, k);
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res8));
+    Console.println("len: " + res8.length)
+    val up8 = unpickle(termSPU, res8);
+    Console.println(up8);
+
+    Console.println("\n" + kki);
+    val res7 = pickle(termSPU, kki);
+    Console.println(printByteArray(res7));
+    Console.println("len: " + res7.length)
+
+    val up7 = unpickle(termSPU, res7);
+    Console.println(up7);
+  }
+
+  case class Person(name: String, age: int);
+
+  abstract class Term;
+  case class Var(s: String) extends Term;
+  case class Lam(s: String, t: Term) extends Term;
+  case class App(t1: Term, t2: Term) extends Term;
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/SStreamPickle.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/SStreamPickle.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c678e5acf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/SStreamPickle.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed.picklers;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+
+/**
+  Pickler combinators.
+
+  Author: Philipp Haller <philipp.haller@epfl.ch>
+  */
+
+object SStreamPickle {
+  abstract class PU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: OutStream): OutStream;
+    def appU(state: InStream): Pair[t,InStream];
+  }
+
+  //def pickle[t](p: PU[t], a: t): OutStream =
+  //  p.appP(a, "");
+
+  def unpickle[t](p: PU[t], stream: InStream): t =
+    p.appU(stream)._1;
+
+  def lift[t](x: t): PU[t] = new PU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: OutStream): OutStream = state;
+    def appU(state: InStream) = Pair(x, state);
+  }
+
+  def sequ[t,u](f: u => t, pa: PU[t], k: t => PU[u]): PU[u] = new PU[u] {
+    def appP(b: u, s: OutStream): OutStream = {
+      val a = f(b)
+      val sPrime = pa.appP(a, s)
+      val pb = k(a)
+      val sPrimePrime = pb.appP(b, sPrime)
+      sPrimePrime
+    }
+    def appU(s: InStream): Pair[u,InStream] = {
+      val resPa = pa.appU(s)
+      val a = resPa._1
+      val sPrime = resPa._2
+      val pb = k(a)
+      pb.appU(sPrime)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def pair[a,b](pa: PU[a], pb: PU[b]): PU[Pair[a,b]] = {
+    def fst(p: Pair[a,b]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Pair[a,b]): b = p._2;
+    sequ(fst, pa, (x: a) => sequ(snd, pb, (y: b) => lift(Pair(x, y))))
+  }
+
+  def triple[a,b,c](pa: PU[a], pb: PU[b], pc: PU[c]): PU[Triple[a,b,c]] = {
+    def fst(p: Triple[a,b,c]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Triple[a,b,c]): b = p._2;
+    def trd(p: Triple[a,b,c]): c = p._3;
+
+    sequ(fst, pa,
+         (x: a) => sequ(snd, pb,
+         (y: b) => sequ(trd, pc,
+         (z: c) => lift(Triple(x, y, z)))))
+  }
+
+  def wrap[a,b](i: a => b, j: b => a, pa: PU[a]): PU[b] =
+    sequ(j, pa, (x: a) => lift(i(x)));
+
+  def unit: PU[unit] =
+    lift(unit);
+
+  def pad(s: String, req: int): String = {
+    val buf = new StringBuffer
+    for (val i <- List.range(1, req-s.length+1))
+      buf append "0"
+    (buf append s).toString
+  }
+  def encode(i: int): String = pad(Integer.toHexString(i), 8);
+  def decode(s: String): int = Integer.decode("0x" + s).intValue();
+
+  def int: PU[int] = new PU[int] {
+    def appP(n: int, s: OutStream): OutStream = {
+      s.write(encode(n))
+      s
+    }
+    def appU(s: InStream): Pair[int,InStream] = {
+      val substr = s.read(8)
+      //Console.println("unpickling " + substr)
+      Pair(decode(substr), s)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def char: PU[char] = new PU[char] {
+    def appP(b: char, s: OutStream): OutStream = {
+      s.write(b)
+      s
+    }
+    def appU(s: InStream): Pair[char,InStream] = {
+      val carr = new Array[char](1)
+      s.read(carr)
+      //Console.println("unpickling " + carr(0))
+      Pair(carr(0), s)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def bool: PU[boolean] = {
+    def toEnum(b: boolean) = if (b) 1 else 0;
+    def fromEnum(n: int) = if (n == 0) false else true;
+    wrap(fromEnum, toEnum, nat)
+  }
+
+  def fixedList[a](pa: PU[a])(n: int): PU[List[a]] = {
+    def pairToList(p: Pair[a,List[a]]): List[a] =
+      p._1 :: p._2;
+    def listToPair(l: List[a]): Pair[a,List[a]] =
+      l match { case x :: xs => Pair(x, xs) }
+
+    if (n == 0) lift(Nil)
+    else
+      wrap(pairToList, listToPair, pair(pa, fixedList(pa)(n-1)))
+  }
+
+  def list[a](pa: PU[a]): PU[List[a]] =
+    sequ((l: List[a])=>l.length, nat, fixedList(pa));
+
+  def string: PU[String] =
+    wrap(List.toString, (str: String)=>str.toCharArray().toList, list(char));
+
+  def alt[a](tag: a => int, ps: List[PU[a]]): PU[a] =
+    sequ(tag, int, ps.apply);
+
+  def data[a](tag: a => int, ps: List[()=>PU[a]]): PU[a] =
+    sequ(tag, nat, (x: int)=> ps.apply(x)());
+
+  def option[a](pa: PU[a]): PU[Option[a]] = {
+    def tag(x: Option[a]) = x match {
+      case None => 0
+      case Some(y) => 1
+    }
+    def fromSome(x: Option[a]) = x match {
+      case Some(y) => y
+      case None => null
+    }
+    def toSome(x: a): Option[a] = Some(x);
+    val pnone: PU[Option[a]] = lift(None)
+    alt(tag, List(pnone, wrap(toSome, fromSome, pa)))
+  }
+
+  def byteString(b: int) =
+    pad(Integer.toHexString(b), 2);
+
+  def natString(x: int): String = {
+    val buf = new StringBuffer
+
+    def writeNatPrefix(x: int): unit = {
+      val y = x >>> 7;
+      if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+      buf.append(byteString((x & 0x7f) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    val y = x >>> 7;
+    if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+    buf.append(byteString(x & 0x7f));
+    buf.toString()
+  }
+
+  def nat: PU[int] = new PU[int] {
+    def appP(n: int, s: OutStream): OutStream = {
+      s.write(natString(n))
+      s
+    }
+    def appU(s: InStream): Pair[int,InStream] = {
+      def readNat: int = {
+        var b = 0;
+        var x = 0;
+        do {
+          b = decode(s.read(2));
+          x = (x << 7) + (b & 0x7f);
+        } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+        x
+      }
+      Pair(readNat, s)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
+    def testBase128(x: int) = {
+      Console.println(x)
+
+      val sw = new StringWriter
+      val os = new OutStream(sw)
+      val res = nat.appP(x, os)
+      os.flush()
+      Console.println(sw.toString())
+
+      val up = nat.appU(new InStream(new StringReader(sw.toString())))
+      Console.println(up._1)
+    }
+
+    testBase128(0)
+    testBase128(1)
+    testBase128(64)
+    testBase128(127)
+    testBase128(128)
+    testBase128(8192)
+
+    def pickleTest[a](x: a, pa: PU[a]) = {
+      Console.println(x)
+
+      val sw = new StringWriter
+      val os = new OutStream(sw)
+      val res = pa.appP(x, os)
+      os.flush()
+      Console.println(sw.toString())
+
+      val up = pa.appU(new InStream(new StringReader(sw.toString())))
+      Console.println(up._1)
+    }
+
+    pickleTest(List(1, 7, 13), list(nat))
+
+    pickleTest(List(false, true, true), list(bool))
+
+    pickleTest("Hello", string)
+
+
+    val personPU = wrap((p: Pair[String,int]) => Person(p._1, p._2), (p: Person) => Pair(p.name, p.age), pair(string, nat));
+    val p = Person("Philipp", 25)
+    pickleTest(p, personPU)
+
+
+    val x = Var("x");
+    val i = Lam("x", x);
+    val k = Lam("x", Lam("y", x));
+    val kki = App(k, App(k, i));
+
+    def varPU: PU[Term] =
+      wrap(Var,
+           (t: Term)=> t match {case Var(x)=>x},
+            string);
+    def lamPU: PU[Term] =
+      wrap((p: Pair[String,Term])=>Lam(p._1, p._2),
+           (t: Term)=> t match {case Lam(s, t)=>Pair(s, t)},
+            pair(string, termPU));
+    def appPU: PU[Term] =
+      wrap((p: Pair[Term,Term])=>App(p._1, p._2),
+           (t: Term)=> t match {case App(t1, t2)=>Pair(t1, t2)},
+            pair(termPU, termPU));
+    def termPU: PU[Term] =
+      data((t: Term)=> t match {case Var(_)=>0; case Lam(_,_)=>1; case App(_,_)=>2},
+            List(()=>varPU, ()=>lamPU, ()=>appPU));
+
+    pickleTest(k, termPU)
+    pickleTest(kki, termPU)
+  }
+
+  case class Person(name: String, age: int);
+}
+
+abstract class Term;
+case class Var(s: String) extends Term;
+case class Lam(s: String, t: Term) extends Term;
+case class App(t1: Term, t2: Term) extends Term;
+
+
+object ShareStreamPickle {
+  abstract class SPU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: PicklerState): PicklerState;
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState): Pair[t, UnPicklerState];
+  }
+
+  //def pickle[t](p: SPU[t], a: t): String =
+  //  p.appP(a, new PicklerState("", new PicklerEnv)).stream;
+
+  //def unpickle[t](p: SPU[t], stream: String): t =
+  //  p.appU(new UnPicklerState(stream, new UnPicklerEnv))._1;
+
+  class PicklerEnv extends HashMap[Any, int] {
+    private var cnt: int = 64;
+    def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+  }
+
+  class UnPicklerEnv extends HashMap[int, Any] {
+    private var cnt: int = 64;
+    def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+  }
+
+  class PicklerState(val stream: OutStream, val dict: PicklerEnv) {}
+  class UnPicklerState(val stream: InStream, val dict: UnPicklerEnv) {}
+
+  abstract class RefDef;
+  case class Ref() extends RefDef;
+  case class Def() extends RefDef;
+
+  def refDef: SStreamPickle.PU[RefDef] = new SStreamPickle.PU[RefDef] {
+    def appP(b: RefDef, s: OutStream): OutStream =
+      b match {
+        case Ref() => s.write("0"); s
+        case Def() => s.write("1"); s
+      };
+    def appU(s: InStream): Pair[RefDef, InStream] =
+      if (s.readChar == '0') Pair(Ref(), s)
+      else Pair(Def(), s);
+  }
+
+  def share[a](pa: SPU[a]): SPU[a] = new SPU[a] {
+    def appP(v: a, state: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      /*
+      - is there some value equal to v associated with a location l in the pickle environment?
+      - yes: write REF-tag to outstream together with l
+      - no:
+          write DEF-tag to outstream
+          record current location l of outstream
+          --> serialize value
+          add entry to pickle environment, mapping v onto l
+      */
+      val pe = state.dict
+      pe.get(v) match {
+        case None =>
+          //Console.println("" + v + " is new")
+	  //Console.println("writing DEF...")
+          val sPrime = refDef.appP(Def(), state.stream)
+          val l = pe.nextLoc()
+
+          //Console.println("applying pickler to state " + sPrime)
+          val sPrimePrime = pa.appP(v, new PicklerState(sPrime, pe))
+
+          //Console.println("updating dict (" + l + ") for " + v)
+          pe.update(v, l)
+
+          return sPrimePrime
+        case Some(l) =>
+          //Console.println("writing REF...")
+          val sPrime = refDef.appP(Ref(), state.stream)
+          //Console.println("writing location to state " + sPrime)
+          return new PicklerState(SStreamPickle.nat.appP(l, sPrime), pe)
+      }
+    }
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState): Pair[a, UnPicklerState] = {
+      /*
+      - first, read tag (i.e. DEF or REF)
+      - if REF:
+          read location l
+          look up resulting value in unpickler environment
+      - if DEF:
+          record location l of input stream
+          --> deserialize value v with argument deserializer
+          add entry to unpickler environment, mapping l onto v
+      */
+      val upe = state.dict
+      val res = refDef.appU(state.stream)
+      res._1 match {
+        case Def() =>
+          val l = upe.nextLoc
+          val res2 = pa.appU(new UnPicklerState(res._2, upe))
+          upe.update(l, res2._1)
+          return res2
+        case Ref() =>
+          val res2 = SStreamPickle.nat.appU(res._2)  // read location
+          upe.get(res2._1) match {     // lookup value in unpickler env
+            case None => error("invalid unpickler environment"); return null
+            case Some(v) => return Pair(v.asInstanceOf[a], new UnPicklerState(res2._2, upe))
+          }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def lift[t](x: t): SPU[t] = new SPU[t] {
+    def appP(a: t, state: PicklerState): PicklerState = state;
+    def appU(state: UnPicklerState) = Pair(x, state);
+  }
+
+  def sequ[t,u](f: u => t, pa: SPU[t], k: t => SPU[u]): SPU[u] = new SPU[u] {
+    def appP(b: u, s: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      val a = f(b)
+      //Console.println("pickling " + a + ", s: " + s.stream)
+      val sPrime = pa.appP(a, s)
+      val pb = k(a)
+      //Console.println("pickling " + b + ", s: " + s.stream)
+      pb.appP(b, sPrime)
+    }
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[u, UnPicklerState] = {
+      val resPa = pa.appU(s)
+      val a = resPa._1
+      val sPrime = resPa._2
+      val pb = k(a)
+      pb.appU(sPrime)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def pair[a,b](pa: SPU[a], pb: SPU[b]): SPU[Pair[a,b]] = {
+    def fst(p: Pair[a,b]): a = p._1;
+    def snd(p: Pair[a,b]): b = p._2;
+    sequ(fst, pa, (x: a) => sequ(snd, pb, (y: b) => lift(Pair(x, y))))
+  }
+
+  def wrap[a,b](i: a => b, j: b => a, pa: SPU[a]): SPU[b] =
+    sequ(j, pa, (x: a) => lift(i(x)));
+
+  def char: SPU[char] = new SPU[char] {
+    def appP(b: char, s: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      s.stream.write(b)
+      new PicklerState(s.stream, s.dict)
+    }
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[char, UnPicklerState] =
+      Pair(s.stream.readChar, new UnPicklerState(s.stream, s.dict));
+  }
+
+  def pad(s: String, req: int): String = {
+    val buf = new StringBuffer
+    for (val i <- List.range(1, req-s.length+1))
+      buf append "0"
+    (buf append s).toString
+  }
+  def encode(i: int): String = pad(Integer.toHexString(i), 8);
+  def decode(s: String): int = Integer.decode("0x" + s).intValue();
+
+  def byteString(b: int) =
+    pad(Integer.toHexString(b), 2);
+
+  def natString(x: int): String = {
+    val buf = new StringBuffer
+
+    def writeNatPrefix(x: int): unit = {
+      val y = x >>> 7;
+      if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+      buf.append(byteString((x & 0x7f) | 0x80));
+    }
+
+    val y = x >>> 7;
+    if (y != 0) writeNatPrefix(y);
+    buf.append(byteString(x & 0x7f));
+    buf.toString()
+  }
+
+  def nat: SPU[int] = new SPU[int] {
+    def appP(n: int, s: PicklerState): PicklerState = {
+      s.stream.write(natString(n))
+      new PicklerState(s.stream, s.dict)
+    }
+    def appU(s: UnPicklerState): Pair[int,UnPicklerState] = {
+      def readNat: int = {
+        var b = 0;
+        var x = 0;
+        do {
+          b = decode(s.stream.read(2));
+          x = (x << 7) + (b & 0x7f);
+        } while ((b & 0x80) != 0);
+        x
+      }
+      Pair(readNat, new UnPicklerState(s.stream, s.dict))
+    }
+  }
+
+  def fixedList[a](pa: SPU[a])(n: int): SPU[List[a]] = {
+    def pairToList(p: Pair[a,List[a]]): List[a] =
+      p._1 :: p._2;
+    def listToPair(l: List[a]): Pair[a,List[a]] =
+      l match { case x :: xs => Pair(x, xs) }
+
+    if (n == 0) lift(Nil)
+    else
+      wrap(pairToList, listToPair, pair(pa, fixedList(pa)(n-1)))
+  }
+
+  def list[a](pa: SPU[a]): SPU[List[a]] =
+    sequ((l: List[a])=>l.length, nat, fixedList(pa));
+
+  def string: SPU[String] =
+    wrap(List.toString, (str: String)=>str.toCharArray().toList, list(char));
+
+  def alt[a](tag: a => int, ps: List[SPU[a]]): SPU[a] =
+    sequ(tag, nat, ps.apply);
+
+  def data[a](tag: a => int, ps: List[()=>SPU[a]]): SPU[a] =
+    sequ(tag, nat, (x: int)=> ps.apply(x)());
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
+    def pickleTest[a](x: a, pa: SPU[a]) = {
+      Console.println(x)
+
+      val sw = new StringWriter
+      val os = new OutStream(sw)
+      val res = pa.appP(x, new PicklerState(os, new PicklerEnv))
+      os.flush()
+      Console.println(sw.toString())
+
+      val up = pa.appU(new UnPicklerState(new InStream(new StringReader(sw.toString())), new UnPicklerEnv))
+      Console.println(up._1)
+    }
+
+    val x = Var("x");
+    val i = Lam("x", x);
+    val k = Lam("x", Lam("y", x));
+    val kki = App(k, App(k, i));
+
+    def varSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap(Var,
+                                 (t: Term)=> t match {case Var(x)=>x},
+                                 string);
+
+    def lamSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap((p: Pair[String,Term])=>Lam(p._1, p._2),
+                                 (t: Term)=> t match {case Lam(s, t)=>Pair(s, t)},
+                                 pair(string, termSPU));
+
+    def appSPU: SPU[Term] = wrap((p: Pair[Term,Term])=>App(p._1, p._2),
+                                 (t: Term)=> t match {case App(t1, t2)=>Pair(t1, t2)},
+                                 pair(termSPU, termSPU));
+
+    def termSPU: SPU[Term] = data((t: Term)=> t match {case Var(_)=>0; case Lam(_,_)=>1; case App(_,_)=>2},
+                                        List(()=>varSPU, ()=>lamSPU, ()=>appSPU));
+
+    def termSPUshared: SPU[Term] = share(data((t: Term)=> t match {case Var(_)=>0; case Lam(_,_)=>1; case App(_,_)=>2},
+                                        List(()=>varSPU, ()=>lamSPU, ()=>appSPU)));
+
+    pickleTest(k, termSPU)
+    pickleTest(k, termSPUshared)
+    pickleTest(kki, termSPU)
+    pickleTest(kki, termSPUshared)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/Streams.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/Streams.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fa294785ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/Streams.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package scala.actors.distributed.picklers;
+
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable._;
+
+class OutStream(writer: Writer) {
+  val picklerEnv = new PicklerEnv;
+
+  private var loc: int = 0;
+
+  def getLocation = loc;
+
+  def write(s: String): unit = {
+    loc = loc + s.length()
+    writer.write(s)
+    //Console.println("new loc: " + loc)
+  }
+
+  def write(c: char): unit = {
+    loc = loc + 1
+    writer.write(c)
+    //Console.println("new loc: " + loc)
+  }
+
+  def flush(): unit =
+    writer.flush();
+}
+
+class InStream(reader: Reader) {
+  val unpicklerEnv = new UnpicklerEnv;
+
+  private var loc: int = 0;
+
+  def getLocation = loc;
+
+  def read(num: int): String = {
+    val carr = new Array[char](num)
+    val cnt = reader.read(carr)
+    loc = loc + num
+    //Console.println("new loc: " + loc)
+    new String(carr)
+
+    /*val buf = new StringBuffer
+    var ch = r.read()
+    loc = loc + 1
+    if (num > 1) {
+      var cnt = 1
+      while (cnt < num && ch != -1) {
+        buf.append(ch)
+        ch = r.read()
+        loc = loc + 1
+        cnt = cnt + 1
+      }
+      if (cnt == num)
+        buf.toString()
+      else
+        buf.toString() // error
+    }
+    else
+      new String(ch.asInstanceOf[char])*/
+  }
+
+  def read(cbuf: Array[char]): int = {
+    loc = loc + cbuf.length
+    reader.read(cbuf)
+  }
+
+  def readChar: char = {
+    val carr = new Array[char](1)
+    read(carr)
+    carr(0)
+  }
+}
+
+class PicklerEnv[a] extends HashMap[a, int] {
+  private var cnt: int = 0;
+  def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+}
+
+class UnpicklerEnv[a] extends HashMap[int, a] {
+  private var cnt: int = 0;
+  def nextLoc() = { cnt = cnt + 1; cnt };
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/UTF8Codec.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/UTF8Codec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..36ad115cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/distributed/picklers/UTF8Codec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*     ____ ____  ____ ____  ______                                     *\
+**    / __// __ \/ __// __ \/ ____/    SOcos COmpiles Scala             **
+**  __\_ \/ /_/ / /__/ /_/ /\_ \       (c) 2002-2006, LAMP/EPFL         **
+** /_____/\____/\___/\____/____/                                        **
+\*                                                                      */
+
+// $Id: UTF8Codec.scala 7116 2006-04-11 15:36:05Z mihaylov $
+
+
+package scala.actors.distributed.picklers
+
+object UTF8Codec {
+
+  def encode(src: Array[Char], from: Int, dst: Array[Byte], to: Int, len: Int): Int = {
+    var i = from;
+    var j = to;
+    val end = from + len;
+    while (i < end) {
+      val ch = src(i);
+      i = i + 1;
+      if (ch < 128) {
+        dst(j) = ch.toByte;
+        j = j + 1;
+      }
+      else if (ch <= 0x3FF) {
+        dst(j)   = (0xC0 | (ch >> 6)).toByte;
+        dst(j+1) = (0x80 | (ch & 0x3F)).toByte;
+        j = j + 2;
+      } else {
+        dst(j)   = (0xE0 | (ch >> 12)).toByte;
+        dst(j+1) = (0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F)).toByte;
+        dst(j+2) = (0x80 | (ch & 0x3F)).toByte;
+        j = j + 3;
+      }
+    }
+    j
+  }
+
+  def encode(s: String, dst: Array[Byte], to: Int): Int =
+    encode(s.toCharArray(), 0, dst, to, s.length());
+
+
+  def encode(s: String): Array[Byte] = {
+    val dst = new Array[Byte](s.length() * 3);
+    val len = encode(s, dst, 0);
+    dst.subArray(0, len)
+  }
+
+  def decode(src: Array[Byte], from: Int,
+             dst: Array[Char], to: Int, len: Int): Int =
+  {
+    var i = from;
+    var j = to;
+    val end = from + len;
+    while (i < end) {
+      var b = src(i) & 0xFF;
+      i = i + 1;
+      if (b >= 0xE0) {
+        b = ((b & 0x0F) << 12) | (src(i) & 0x3F) << 6;
+        b = b | (src(i+1) & 0x3F);
+        i = i + 2;
+      } else if (b >= 0xC0) {
+        b = ((b & 0x1F) << 6) | (src(i) & 0x3F);
+        i = i + 1;
+      }
+      dst(j) = b.toChar;
+      j = j + 1;
+    }
+    j
+  }
+
+  def decode(src: Array[Byte], from: Int, len: Int): String = {
+    val cs = new Array[Char](len);
+    String.copyValueOf(cs, 0, decode(src, 0, cs, 0, len));
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Button.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Button.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99b74d27be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Button.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import javax.swing._
+import event._
+
+/** A class for buttons; standard constructor wraps around a swing button */
+class Button(val jbutton: JButton) extends Container(jbutton) with SwingComponent with Publisher {
+  def this(txt: String) = this(new JButton(txt))
+  def this() = this(new JButton())
+  def text: String = jbutton.getText()
+  def text_=(s: String) = jbutton.setText(s)
+ 	def icon: Icon = jbutton.getIcon()
+  def icon_=(i: Icon) = jbutton.setIcon(i)
+  jbutton.addActionListener {
+    new java.awt.event.ActionListener {
+      def actionPerformed(e: java.awt.event.ActionEvent): unit =
+        publish(ButtonPressed(Button.this))
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Caret.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Caret.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..05cfc2659a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Caret.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing
+
+class Caret(val jcaret: swing.text.Caret) {
+  def dot: int = jcaret.getDot()
+  def mark: int = jcaret.getMark()
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Component.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Component.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9610b433fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Component.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._;
+import java.awt._;
+
+class Component(val acomponent: java.awt.Component) extends Subscriber {
+  def show: this.type = { acomponent.setVisible(true); this }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Container.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Container.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e30ac78caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Container.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
+
+class Container(val jcontainer: java.awt.Container) extends Component(jcontainer) {
+  def this() = this(new java.awt.Container())
+  val elems = new ListBuffer[Component]
+  def += (c: Component) = {
+    elems += c
+    jcontainer.add(c.acomponent)
+  }
+  def -= (c: Component) = {
+    elems -= c
+    jcontainer.remove(c.acomponent)
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/EmptyBorder.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/EmptyBorder.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01ff7481cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/EmptyBorder.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+
+class EmptyBorder(_top: int, _left: int, _bottom: int, _right: int)
+extends border.EmptyBorder(_top, _left, _bottom, _right) {
+  def this() = this(0, 0, 0, 0)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/FormattedTextField.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/FormattedTextField.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..74b0c6e359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/FormattedTextField.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+import java.awt.event._
+import event._
+
+class FormattedTextField(val jftextfield: JFormattedTextField) extends TextComponent(jftextfield) {
+  def this(format: java.text.Format) = this(new JFormattedTextField(format));
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Frame.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Frame.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10b79f54c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Frame.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._;
+import event._;
+
+class Frame(val jframe: JFrame) extends Container(jframe) with Publisher {
+  def this() = this(new JFrame("Untitled Frame"))
+  def title: String = jframe.getTitle()
+  def title_=(s: String) = jframe.setTitle(s)
+  val contents = new Container(jframe.getContentPane())
+  private var default_button: Button = null
+ 	def defaultButton = default_button
+  def defaultButton_=(b: Button) = { default_button = b; jframe.getRootPane().setDefaultButton(b.jbutton) }
+  def pack: this.type = { jframe.pack(); this }
+  jframe.addWindowListener {
+    new java.awt.event.WindowListener {
+      def windowActivated(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowActivated(Frame.this))
+      def windowClosed(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowClosed(Frame.this))
+      def windowClosing(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowClosing(Frame.this))
+      def windowDeactivated(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowDeactivated(Frame.this))
+      def windowDeiconified(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowDeiconified(Frame.this))
+      def windowIconified(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowIconified(Frame.this))
+      def windowOpened(e: java.awt.event.WindowEvent) = publish(WindowOpened(Frame.this))
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*jframe.addMouseMotionListener (
+    new java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener {
+      def mouseDragged(e: java.awt.event.MouseEvent) = publish(MouseDragged(e))
+      def mouseMoved(e: java.awt.event.MouseEvent) = publish(MouseMoved(e))
+    }
+  )*/
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/GUIApplication.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/GUIApplication.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d52e75628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/GUIApplication.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import javax.swing._
+import event.Event
+
+class GUIApplication {
+  def defaultLookAndFeelDecorated: boolean = true
+
+  def init() = {
+    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName())
+    JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(defaultLookAndFeelDecorated)
+  }
+
+  def run(prog: => unit): unit =
+    SwingUtilities.invokeLater {
+      new Runnable() {
+        def run() = { init(); prog }
+      }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Label.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Label.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5094f9436c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Label.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._;
+
+class Label(val jlabel: JLabel) extends Container(jlabel) with SwingComponent {
+  def this(txt: String) = this(new JLabel(txt))
+  def this() = this("Untitled Label")
+  def text: String = jlabel.getText()
+  def text_=(s: String) = jlabel.setText(s)
+  def halign: Orientation.Value = Orientation(jlabel.getHorizontalAlignment())
+  def halign_=(x: Orientation.Value) = jlabel.setHorizontalAlignment(x.id)
+  def valign: Orientation.Value = Orientation(jlabel.getVerticalAlignment())
+  def valign_=(x: Orientation.Value) = jlabel.setVerticalAlignment(x.id)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/MainFrame.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/MainFrame.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b76a170e71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/MainFrame.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._;
+import scala.actors.gui.event._;
+
+class MainFrame(jframe: JFrame) extends Frame(jframe) {
+  def this() = this(new JFrame("Untitled Frame"))
+
+  addHandler {
+    case WindowClosing(_) => System.exit(1)
+  }
+
+  subscribe(this)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Orientation.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Orientation.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a71157380a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Orientation.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import javax.swing.SwingConstants._
+
+object Orientation extends Enumeration {
+  val left = Value(LEFT, "left")
+  val right = Value(RIGHT, "right")
+  val bottom = Value(BOTTOM, "bottom")
+  val top = Value(TOP, "top")
+  val center = Value(CENTER, "center")
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Panel.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Panel.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..59cbff6784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Panel.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+import java.awt.event._
+
+class Panel(val jpanel: JPanel) extends Container(jpanel) with SwingComponent {
+  def this(layout: java.awt.LayoutManager, elements: Component*) = {
+    this(new JPanel(layout));
+    for (val elem <- elements) this += elem
+  }
+  def this(elements: Component*) = this(new java.awt.FlowLayout, elements: _*)
+
+  def layout: java.awt.LayoutManager = jpanel.getLayout()
+  def layout_=(x: java.awt.LayoutManager) = jpanel.setLayout(x)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Publisher.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Publisher.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b71bc30f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/Publisher.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
+
+import scala.actors.single.Actor
+import scala.actors.single.Pid
+
+import scala.actors.gui.event.Event
+
+class EventHandlers {
+  type Handler = PartialFunction[AnyRef,unit]
+
+  private val handlers = new ListBuffer[Handler]
+
+  def += (h: Handler) = { handlers += h }
+  def -= (h: Handler) = { handlers -= h }
+
+  def compoundHandler = new Handler {
+    def isDefinedAt(e: AnyRef): boolean = handlers.exists(.isDefinedAt(e))
+
+    def apply(e: AnyRef): unit =
+      handlers.find(.isDefinedAt(e)) match {
+        case Some(h) => h.apply(e)
+        case None => // do nothing
+      }
+  }
+}
+
+trait Responder extends Actor {
+  protected val handlers = new EventHandlers
+
+  final def eventloop(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All =
+    receive(new RecursiveProxyHandler(this, f))
+
+  def eventblock(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): unit = {
+    try {
+      receive(new RecursiveProxyHandler(this, f))
+    }
+    catch {
+      case d: Done =>
+        // do nothing
+    }
+  }
+
+  private class RecursiveProxyHandler(a: Actor, f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]) extends PartialFunction[Message,unit] {
+    def isDefinedAt(m: Message): boolean =
+      true // events should be removed from the mailbox immediately!
+
+    def apply(m: Message): unit = {
+      if (f.isDefinedAt(m)) f(m) // overrides any installed handler
+      else
+        if (handlers.compoundHandler.isDefinedAt(m))
+          handlers.compoundHandler(m)
+        else {
+          // do nothing
+        }
+      a receive this
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+case class Subscribe(s: Subscriber)
+case class Publish(e: Event)
+
+trait Subscriber extends Responder {
+  type Handler = PartialFunction[AnyRef,unit]
+  def subscribe(ps: Publisher*) = for (val p <- ps) p send Subscribe(this)
+}
+
+trait Publisher extends Responder {
+  case class HandlerAdded()
+
+  private val subscribers = new ListBuffer[Subscriber]
+
+  handlers += { // installs _permanent_ handler!
+    case Subscribe(s) =>
+      //Console.println("" + this + ": rec subscription from " + s)
+      subscribers += s
+    case Publish(e) => for (val s <- subscribers) s send e
+  }
+
+  //Console.println("" + this + ": exec toplevel eventloop (Publisher)")
+
+  eventblock {
+    case HandlerAdded() =>
+      //Console.println("" + this + " received HandlerAdded()")
+  }
+
+  def addHandler(h: EventHandlers#Handler) = {
+    //Console.println("" + this + ": installing new handler")
+    handlers += h
+    this send HandlerAdded() // causes currently active eventloop to recursively call itself
+  }
+
+  def publish(e: Event) = {
+    //Console.println("Publishing event: " + e)
+    for (val s <- subscribers) s send e
+  }
+
+  // TODO: super.receive might already be overridden!
+  //final override def receive(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All =
+    //super.receive(new ProxyPubSubHandler(f))
+
+  private class ProxyPubSubHandler(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]) extends PartialFunction[Message,unit] {
+    def isDefinedAt(m: Message): boolean =
+      if (f.isDefinedAt(m)) true
+      else m match {
+        case Subscribe(s) => true
+        case Publish(e) => true
+        case other => false
+      }
+
+    def apply(m: Message): unit = {
+      m match {
+        case Subscribe(s) =>
+          //Console.println("Rec subscription: " + s)
+          subscribers += s
+        case Publish(e) =>
+          for (val s <- subscribers) s send e
+        case other =>
+          // do nothing
+      }
+      if (f.isDefinedAt(m)) f(m)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SimpleGUIApplication.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SimpleGUIApplication.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..30154932cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SimpleGUIApplication.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+
+abstract class SimpleGUIApplication extends GUIApplication {
+
+  def top: Frame;
+
+  def main(args: Array[String]) = {
+    run { top.pack.show }
+  }
+
+  implicit def string2label(s: String): Label = new Label(s)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SwingComponent.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SwingComponent.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cbe6478c32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/SwingComponent.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import javax.swing._
+import java.awt._
+
+trait SwingComponent extends Component {
+  val jcomponent = acomponent.asInstanceOf[JComponent];
+  def border: javax.swing.border.Border = jcomponent.getBorder()
+  def border_=(x: javax.swing.border.Border): unit = jcomponent.setBorder(x)
+}
+
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextComponent.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextComponent.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..955745045f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextComponent.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import javax.swing._
+import javax.swing.text.JTextComponent
+import javax.swing.event.{CaretEvent,CaretListener}
+import event.CaretUpdate
+
+class TextComponent(val jtextcomponent: JTextComponent)
+extends Container(jtextcomponent) with SwingComponent with Publisher {
+
+  def text: String = jtextcomponent.getText()
+  def text_=(x: String) = jtextcomponent.setText(x)
+
+  val caret = new Caret(jtextcomponent.getCaret())
+
+  jtextcomponent.addCaretListener {
+    new CaretListener {
+      def caretUpdate(e: CaretEvent) =
+        publish(CaretUpdate(TextComponent.this))
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextField.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextField.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e32fc29f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/TextField.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package scala.actors.gui;
+
+import javax.swing._
+import java.awt.event._
+import event._
+
+class TextField(val jtextfield: JTextField) extends TextComponent(jtextfield) {
+  def this(text: String, columns: int) = this(new JTextField(text, columns));
+  def this(text: String) = this(new JTextField(text));
+  def this(columns: int) = this(new JTextField(columns));
+  def this() = this(new JTextField());
+
+  def columns: int = jtextfield.getColumns()
+  def columns_=(x: int) = jtextfield.setColumns(x)
+
+  jtextfield.addActionListener {
+    new ActionListener {
+      def actionPerformed(e: ActionEvent) =
+        publish(TextModified(TextField.this))
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/ButtonPressed.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/ButtonPressed.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9d120314fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/ButtonPressed.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class ButtonPressed(b: Button) extends Event
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/CaretUpdate.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/CaretUpdate.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..15c48385d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/CaretUpdate.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class CaretUpdate(text: TextComponent) extends Event
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/Event.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/Event.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..949cf2cb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/Event.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+abstract class Event
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseDragged.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseDragged.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37b768b922
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseDragged.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class MouseDragged(override val event: java.awt.event.MouseEvent) extends MouseEvent(event);
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseEvent.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseEvent.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da43fbd8b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseEvent.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+abstract class MouseEvent(val event: java.awt.event.MouseEvent) extends Event;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseMoved.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseMoved.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bf2028f159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/MouseMoved.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class MouseMoved(override val event: java.awt.event.MouseEvent) extends MouseEvent(event);
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/TextModified.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/TextModified.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0af1b49838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/TextModified.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class TextModified(text: TextComponent) extends Event
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowActivated.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowActivated.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..797a2d0fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowActivated.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowActivated(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosed.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosed.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7676809299
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosed.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowClosed(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosing.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosing.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd63987c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowClosing.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowClosing(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeactivated.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeactivated.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4452f792d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeactivated.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowDeactivated(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeiconified.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeiconified.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c7cbca57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowDeiconified.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowDeiconified(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowEvent.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowEvent.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25177d8e2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowEvent.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+abstract class WindowEvent extends Event {
+  val window: Frame
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowIconified.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowIconified.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abb6362188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowIconified.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowIconified(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowOpened.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowOpened.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2656497a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/event/WindowOpened.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package scala.actors.gui.event
+
+case class WindowOpened(window: Frame) extends WindowEvent;
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/layout.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/layout.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6d53d267ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/gui/layout.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package scala.actors.gui
+
+import java.awt._
+
+object layout {
+
+  val flex = 0
+
+  def grid(rows: int, columns: int) = new GridLayout(rows, columns)
+  def row = new FlowLayout()
+  def column = grid(flex, 1)
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/AbstractPid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/AbstractPid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41cb745b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/AbstractPid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package scala.actors.multi;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+trait AbstractPid {
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit
+  def become(clos: Actor => Unit): unit
+  def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]): unit
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Actor.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Actor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f1aa354880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Actor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+package scala.actors.multi
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
+import scala.collection.mutable.HashSet
+import scala.collection.mutable.Stack
+
+case class ExcHandlerDesc(pid: Pid, eid: int)
+
+class ExcHandler(actions: PartialFunction[Throwable, unit],
+                 actor: Actor,
+                 parent: ExcHandlerDesc) {
+  def handle(e: Throwable): unit = {
+    if (!actions.isDefinedAt(e)) {
+      if (parent != null) actor.forwardExc(parent, e)
+    }
+    else
+      actions(e)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+abstract class Actor extends MailBox {
+  def run(): Unit = {}
+
+  def start(): Unit = {
+    var finished = true
+    try { run }
+    catch {
+      case d: Done =>
+        finished = false
+      case t: Throwable =>
+        if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+          forwardExc(excHandlerDescs.top, t)
+        else
+          exit(new Symbol(t.toString()))
+    }
+    if (finished) die()
+  }
+
+  case class Exit(from: Pid, reason: Symbol) extends Message
+
+  private var pid: Pid = null
+  def self: Pid = {
+    if (pid == null) pid = new LocalPid(this)
+    pid
+  }
+  def self_= (p: Pid) = pid = p
+
+
+  private val links = new HashSet[Pid]
+
+  def link(to: Pid): unit = {
+    // TODO: check if exists (eff: dont need to.linkTo...)
+    links += to
+    to.linkTo(self)
+  }
+  def linkTo(to: Pid): unit = links += to
+
+  def unlink(from: Pid): unit = {
+    // TODO: check if exists (eff)
+    links -= from
+    from.unlinkFrom(self)
+  }
+  def unlinkFrom(from: Pid): unit = links -= from
+
+
+  private var trapExit = false
+
+  def processFlag(flag: Symbol, set: boolean) = {
+    if (flag.name.equals("trapExit")) trapExit = set
+  }
+
+  def exit(reason: Symbol): unit = {
+    exitLinked(reason, new HashSet[Pid])
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      //Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+    }
+  }
+
+  def exit(from: Pid, reason: Symbol): unit = {
+    if (from == self) {
+      exit(reason)
+    }
+    else {
+      if (trapExit)
+        this send Exit(from, reason)
+      else if (!reason.name.equals("normal"))
+        exit(reason)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def exitLinked(reason: Symbol, exitMarks: HashSet[Pid]): unit = {
+    if (exitMarks contains self) {
+      // we are marked, do nothing
+    }
+    else {
+      exitMarks += self // mark self as exiting
+      //Console.println("" + self + " is exiting (" + reason + ").")
+
+      // exit linked scala.actors
+      val iter = links.elements
+      while (iter.hasNext) {
+        val linkedPid = iter.next
+        unlink(linkedPid)
+        linkedPid.exit(self, reason)
+      }
+      exitMarks -= self
+    }
+  }
+
+  def spawnLink(body: Actor => unit): Pid = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run = body(this)
+    }
+    if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+      a.pushExcHandlerDesc(excHandlerDescs.top)
+    // link new process to self
+    link(a.self)
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  val excHandlerDescs = new Stack[ExcHandlerDesc]
+
+  // exception handler table
+  val excHandlers = new HashMap[int, ExcHandler]
+
+  def forwardExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) = {
+    // locality check (handler local to this actor?)
+    if (destDesc.pid == self) {
+      handleExc(destDesc, e)
+    }
+    else {
+      // forward to pid of destination descriptor
+      destDesc.pid.handleExc(destDesc, e)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def pushExcHandlerDesc(desc: ExcHandlerDesc) = {
+    excHandlerDescs += desc
+  }
+
+  /** is only called for local handlers
+      (i.e. destDesc.pid == self) */
+  def handleExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable) =
+    (excHandlers get destDesc.eid) match {
+      case Some(handler) =>
+        handler.handle(e)
+      case None =>
+        error("exc desc refers to non-registered handler")
+    };
+
+  var excCnt = 0
+  def freshExcId = { excCnt = excCnt + 1; excCnt }
+
+  def tryAsync(block: => unit,
+               handlerFun: PartialFunction[Throwable, unit]) = {
+    val excHandler =
+      new ExcHandler(handlerFun,
+                     this,
+                     if (excHandlerDescs.isEmpty) null
+                     else excHandlerDescs.top)
+
+    val desc = ExcHandlerDesc(self, freshExcId)
+    // associate desc with handler
+    excHandlers += desc.eid -> excHandler
+    // push desc onto stack
+    excHandlerDescs += desc
+    //Console.println("desc stack height: " + excHandlerDescs.length)
+    // execute code block
+    block
+  }
+
+  def die(reason: Symbol) = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      //Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+      exit(reason)
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def die() = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      //Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+      exit('normal)
+    }
+  }
+
+  def process(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit], msg: Message): unit = {
+    try {
+      f(msg)
+    }
+    catch {
+      case d: Done =>
+        throw new Done
+      case t: Throwable =>
+        throw t
+        if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+          forwardExc(excHandlerDescs.top, t)
+        else
+          die(Symbol(t.toString()))
+    }
+  }
+
+  override def receive(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      Scheduler.tick(this)
+      continuation = null
+      sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+        case Some(msg) =>
+          process(f, msg)
+          die()
+        case None =>
+          continuation = f
+          //Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  override def receiveMsg(msg: MailBox#Message) = {
+    //Debug.info("" + Thread.currentThread() + ": Resuming " + this)
+    if (continuation != null) {
+      val f = continuation
+      continuation = null
+      scheduled = false
+      process(f, msg)
+      die()
+    }
+    else {
+      // use more complex receive-and-return continuation
+      val cases = contCases
+      val then = contThen
+      contCases = null
+      contThen = null
+      scheduled = false
+      val result = cases(msg)
+      then(result)
+      die()
+    }
+  }
+
+  def spawn(a: Actor): Pid = {
+    // let "a" inherit active exception handler
+    if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+      a.pushExcHandlerDesc(excHandlerDescs.top)
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawn(body: Actor => unit): Pid = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run = body(this)
+    }
+    if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+      a.pushExcHandlerDesc(excHandlerDescs.top)
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawnReceive(cases: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run = receive(cases)
+    }
+    if (!excHandlerDescs.isEmpty)
+      a.pushExcHandlerDesc(excHandlerDescs.top)
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def join(pid1: Pid, pid2: Pid, cont: List[Pid]): unit = {
+    receive {
+      case Pair(pid1, msg1) => receive {
+        case Pair(pid2, msg2) => cont match {
+          case x::xs => x ! Pair(self, Pair(Pair(msg1, msg2), xs))
+        }
+      }
+      case Pair(pid2, msg2) => receive {
+        case Pair(pid1, msg1) => cont match {
+          case x::xs => x ! Pair(self, Pair(Pair(msg1, msg2), xs))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def makeRef = Actor.makeRef
+}
+
+object Actor {
+  private var counter = 0
+  type Tag = int
+  def makeRef: Tag = {
+    counter = counter + 1
+    counter
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/LocalPid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/LocalPid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5201abe22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/LocalPid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package scala.actors.multi;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class LocalPid(actor: Actor) extends Pid {
+  var target = actor
+
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit = target send msg
+
+  def link(other: Pid): unit = target link other
+  def linkTo(other: Pid): unit = target linkTo other
+  def unlink(other: Pid): unit = target unlink other
+  def unlinkFrom(other: Pid): unit = target unlinkFrom other
+  def exit(reason: Symbol): unit = target exit reason
+  def exit(from: Pid, reason: Symbol): unit = target.exit(from, reason)
+
+  def spawn(body: Actor => Unit): Pid = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = body(this)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawnReceive(cases: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,Unit]) = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = receive(cases)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  override def toString() = "LocalPid(" + target + ")"
+
+  def handleExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable): unit =
+    actor.handleExc(destDesc, e);
+
+  def become(clos: Actor => Unit) = {
+    // old actor should become anonymous (cannot receive any messages any more)
+    // achieved by removing it from target of pid.
+
+    val oldActor = target
+    //Debug.info("old actor: " + oldActor);
+
+    // change our target to point to a newly created actor with the same mailbox.
+
+    val newActor = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = clos(this)
+    }
+    newActor.sent = oldActor.sent
+    target = newActor
+    newActor.self = this
+
+    //Debug.info("new actor: " + newActor);
+
+    // clean mailbox of now anonymous actor (must not receive any messages any more; pending messages are for new actor)
+    oldActor.sent = new Queue[MailBox#Message]
+
+    //Debug.info("Starting new actor.");
+    newActor.start  // important to start after changing pid because actor may send messages to itself.
+  }
+
+  private class ProxyPartialFunction(a: Actor, f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) extends PartialFunction[MailBox#Message, unit] {
+    def isDefinedAt(m: MailBox#Message): boolean = f.isDefinedAt(m)
+    def apply(m: MailBox#Message): unit = {
+      f(m)
+      a receive this
+    }
+  }
+
+  def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) = {
+
+    become(a => a receive new ProxyPartialFunction(a, f))
+
+    /*become(
+      a:Actor => {
+        def loop: unit = {
+          def proxyFun(m: MailBox#Message): unit = {
+            if (f.isDefinedAt(m)) {
+              f(m);
+              loop
+            }
+          };
+          //a receive proxyFun
+        }
+        loop
+      }
+    )*/
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/MailBox.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/MailBox.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf721403cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/MailBox.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+package scala.actors.multi;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class MailBox {
+  type Message = AnyRef
+  case class TIMEOUT() extends Message
+
+  /** Unconsumed messages. */
+  var sent = new Queue[Message]
+
+  var continuation: PartialFunction[Message,Unit] = null
+  // more complex continuation
+  var contCases: PartialFunction[Message,Message] = null
+  var contThen: Message => unit = null
+
+  def hasCont =
+    if ((continuation == null) && (contCases == null)) false
+    else true
+
+  def contDefinedAt(msg: Message) =
+    if (((continuation != null) && continuation.isDefinedAt(msg)) ||
+        ((contCases != null) && contCases.isDefinedAt(msg)))
+      true
+    else
+      false
+
+  var isAlive = true
+  var scheduled = false
+
+  private var pendingSignal = false
+
+  def send(msg: Message): unit = synchronized {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      if (!hasCont || scheduled) {
+        //Debug.info("no cont avail/task already scheduled. appending msg to mailbox.")
+        msg match {
+          case Signal() =>
+            // do not add to mailbox
+          case _ =>
+            sent += msg
+        }
+      }
+      else
+        msg match {
+          case Signal() =>
+            if (!contDefinedAt(TIMEOUT())) die()
+            else {
+              val task = new ReceiverTask(this, TIMEOUT())
+              //Debug.info("ready to receive. dispatch new task " + task)
+              scheduled = true
+              Scheduler.execute(task)
+            }
+          case _ =>
+            if (!contDefinedAt(msg))
+              sent += msg
+            else {
+              if (pendingSignal) {
+                pendingSignal = false
+                TimerThread.trashRequest(this)
+              }
+              val task = new ReceiverTask(this, msg)
+              //Debug.info("ready to receive. dispatch new task " + task)
+              scheduled = true
+              Scheduler.execute(task)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def receiveMsg(msg: MailBox#Message) = {
+    //Debug.info("" + Thread.currentThread() + ": Resuming " + this)
+    if (continuation != null) {
+      val f = continuation
+      continuation = null
+      scheduled = false
+      f(msg)
+      die()
+    }
+    else {
+      // use more complex receive-and-return continuation
+      val cases = contCases
+      val then = contThen
+      contCases = null
+      contThen = null
+      scheduled = false
+      val result = cases(msg)
+      then(result)
+      die()
+    }
+  }
+
+  def receive(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      Scheduler.tick(this)
+      continuation = null
+      sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+        case Some(msg) =>
+	  f(msg)
+          die()
+        case None =>
+          continuation = f
+          //Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  def receiveWithin(msec: long)(f: PartialFunction[Message, unit]): scala.All = {
+    Scheduler.tick(this)
+    continuation = null
+    sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+      case Some(msg) =>
+	f(msg)
+        die()
+      case None =>
+        // if timeout == 0 then execute timeout action if specified (see Erlang book)
+        if (msec == 0) {
+          if (f.isDefinedAt(TIMEOUT()))
+            f(TIMEOUT())
+          die()
+        }
+        else {
+          if (msec > 0) {
+            TimerThread.requestTimeout(this, msec)
+            pendingSignal = true
+          }
+          continuation = f
+          //Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+        }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  // original wish:
+  // receiveAndReturn[A, B](cases: PartialFunction[Message, A], then: A => B): B
+  // receiveAndReturn[A](cases: PartialFunction[Message, A], then: A => unit): unit
+
+  def receiveAndReturn(cases: PartialFunction[Message,Message], then: Message => unit): unit = {
+    contCases = null
+    contThen = null
+    sent.dequeueFirst(cases.isDefinedAt) match {
+      case Some(msg) => {
+        val result = cases(msg)
+        then(result)
+        die()
+      }
+      case None => {
+        contCases = cases
+        contThen = then
+        //Debug.info("No msg found. Saved complex continuation.")
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  // receiv {...} then (msg => {...msg...})
+
+  class ReceiveAndReturn(cases: PartialFunction[Message,Message]) {
+    def then(body: Message => unit): unit = receiveAndReturn(cases, body)
+  }
+
+  def receiv(cases: PartialFunction[Message,Message]): ReceiveAndReturn =
+    new ReceiveAndReturn(cases)
+
+  def die() = {
+    if (isAlive) {
+      isAlive = false
+      //Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Pid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Pid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..99e5c59913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/Pid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package scala.actors.multi
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+[serializable]abstract class Pid {
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit;
+
+  def link(other: Pid): unit;
+  def linkTo(other: Pid): unit; // uni-directional
+  def unlink(other: Pid): unit;
+  def unlinkFrom(other: Pid): unit; // uni-directional
+  def exit(reason: Symbol): unit;
+  def exit(from: Pid, reason: Symbol): unit;
+
+  def handleExc(destDesc: ExcHandlerDesc, e: Throwable): unit;
+
+  //def become(clos: Actor => Unit): unit
+  //def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]): unit
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/ReceiverTask.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/ReceiverTask.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..218ab000de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/multi/ReceiverTask.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package scala.actors.multi;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class ReceiverTask(val actor: MailBox, msg: MailBox#Message) extends Runnable {
+  def run(): unit = {
+    try {
+      actor receiveMsg msg
+    }
+    catch {
+      case d: Done =>
+        // do nothing (continuation is already saved)
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/single/AbstractPid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/AbstractPid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28f972148d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/AbstractPid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package scala.actors.single;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+trait AbstractPid {
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit
+  def become(clos: Actor => Unit): unit
+  def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]): unit
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Actor.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Actor.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..41d1f4a59e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Actor.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package scala.actors.single
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+abstract class Actor extends MailBox {
+  def run: Unit = {}
+
+  def start: Unit = {
+    try { run }
+    catch {
+      case d:Done =>
+        // do nothing
+    }
+  }
+
+  private var pid: Pid = null
+
+  def self: Pid = {
+    if (pid == null) pid = new LocalPid(this)
+    pid
+  }
+
+  def self_= (p: Pid) = pid = p
+
+  def join(pid1: Pid, pid2: Pid, cont: List[Pid]): unit = {
+    receive {
+      case Pair(pid1, msg1) => receive {
+        case Pair(pid2, msg2) => cont match {
+          case x::xs => x ! Pair(self, Pair(Pair(msg1, msg2), xs))
+        }
+      }
+      case Pair(pid2, msg2) => receive {
+        case Pair(pid1, msg1) => cont match {
+          case x::xs => x ! Pair(self, Pair(Pair(msg1, msg2), xs))
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  def spawn(body: Actor => unit): Pid = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run = body(this)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawn(a: Actor): Pid = {
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawnReceive(cases: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run = receive(cases)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def makeRef = Actor.makeRef
+}
+
+object Actor {
+  private var counter = 0
+  type Tag = int
+  def makeRef: Tag = {
+    counter = counter + 1
+    counter
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/single/LocalPid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/LocalPid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8186dca426
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/LocalPid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package scala.actors.single;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class LocalPid(actor: Actor) extends Pid {
+  var target = actor
+
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit = target send msg
+
+  def become(clos: Actor => Unit) = {
+    // old actor should become anonymous (cannot receive any messages any more)
+    // achieved by removing it from target of pid.
+
+    val oldActor = target
+    //Debug.info("old actor: " + oldActor);
+
+    // change our target to point to a newly created actor with the same mailbox.
+
+    val newActor = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = clos(this)
+    }
+    newActor.sent = oldActor.sent
+    target = newActor
+    newActor.self = this
+
+    //Debug.info("new actor: " + newActor);
+
+    // clean mailbox of now anonymous actor (must not receive any messages any more; pending messages are for new actor)
+    oldActor.sent = new Queue[MailBox#Message]
+
+    //Debug.info("Starting new actor.");
+    newActor.start  // important to start after changing pid because actor may send messages to itself.
+  }
+
+  private class ProxyPartialFunction(a: Actor, f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) extends PartialFunction[MailBox#Message, unit] {
+    def isDefinedAt(m: MailBox#Message): boolean = f.isDefinedAt(m)
+    def apply(m: MailBox#Message): unit = {
+      f(m)
+      a receive this
+    }
+  }
+
+  def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]) = {
+
+    become(a => a receive new ProxyPartialFunction(a, f))
+
+    /*become(
+      a:Actor => {
+        def loop: unit = {
+          def proxyFun(m: MailBox#Message): unit = {
+            if (f.isDefinedAt(m)) {
+              f(m);
+              loop
+            }
+          };
+          //a receive proxyFun
+        }
+        loop
+      }
+    )*/
+  }
+
+  def spawn(body: Actor => Unit): Pid = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = body(this)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  def spawnReceive(cases: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,Unit]) = {
+    val a = new Actor {
+      override def run: Unit = receive(cases)
+    }
+    a.start
+    a.self
+  }
+
+  override def toString() = "LocalPid(" + target + ")"
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/single/MailBox.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/MailBox.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68d6c5e784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/MailBox.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+package scala.actors.single;
+
+import scala.collection.mutable.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+class MailBox {
+
+  type Message = AnyRef
+  case class TIMEOUT() extends Message
+
+  /** Unconsumed messages. */
+  var sent = new Queue[Message]
+
+  var continuation: PartialFunction[Message,Unit] = null
+  // more complex continuation
+  var contCases: PartialFunction[Message,Message] = null
+  var contThen: Message => unit = null
+
+  def hasCont =
+    if ((continuation == null) && (contCases == null)) false
+    else true
+
+  def contDefinedAt(msg: Message) =
+    if (((continuation != null) && continuation.isDefinedAt(msg)) ||
+        ((contCases != null) && contCases.isDefinedAt(msg)))
+      true
+    else
+      false
+
+  var isAlive = true
+
+  private var duration: long = 0
+  private var timeInitial: long = 0
+  private var timeoutEnabled: boolean = false
+
+  def send(msg: Message): unit = synchronized {
+    if (isAlive)
+      if (!hasCont) {
+        Debug.info("no cont avail/task already scheduled. appending msg to mailbox.")
+        sent += msg
+      }
+      else {
+        var message = msg
+        var timeoutOccurred = false
+
+        if (timeoutEnabled && (System.currentTimeMillis() - timeInitial > duration))
+          timeoutOccurred = true
+
+        if (timeoutOccurred && !contDefinedAt(TIMEOUT()))
+          die()
+        else {
+          if (timeoutOccurred) message = TIMEOUT()
+
+          if (contDefinedAt(message)) {
+            // we exit receive, so reset timeoutEnabled
+            timeoutEnabled = false
+
+            try {
+              if (continuation != null) {
+                val f = continuation
+                continuation = null
+                f(msg)
+                die()
+              }
+              else {
+                // use more complex receive-and-return continuation
+                val cases = contCases
+                val then = contThen
+                contCases = null
+                contThen = null
+                val result = cases(msg)
+                then(result)
+                die()
+              }
+            }
+            catch {
+              case d: Done =>
+                // do nothing (continuation is already saved)
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            Debug.info("cont not defined at msg. appending to mailbox.")
+            if (!timeoutOccurred) sent += message
+          }
+        }
+      }
+  }
+
+  def receive(f: PartialFunction[Message,unit]): scala.All = {
+    continuation = null
+    sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+      case Some(msg) =>
+	f(msg)
+        die()
+      case None =>
+        continuation = f
+        Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  def receiveWithin(msec: long)(f: PartialFunction[Message, unit]): scala.All = {
+    timeInitial = System.currentTimeMillis()
+    duration = msec
+
+    continuation = null
+    sent.dequeueFirst(f.isDefinedAt) match {
+      case Some(msg) =>
+	f(msg)
+        die()
+      case None =>
+        // if timeout == 0 then execute timeout action if specified (see Erlang book)
+        if (duration == 0) {
+          if (f.isDefinedAt(TIMEOUT()))
+            f(TIMEOUT())
+          die()
+        }
+        else {
+          timeoutEnabled = true
+          continuation = f
+          Debug.info("No msg found. " + this + " has continuation " + continuation + ".")
+        }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  // original wish:
+  // receiveAndReturn[A, B](cases: PartialFunction[Message, A], then: A => B): B
+  // receiveAndReturn[A](cases: PartialFunction[Message, A], then: A => unit): unit
+
+  def receiveAndReturn(cases: PartialFunction[Message,Message], then: Message => unit): scala.All = {
+    contCases = null
+    contThen = null
+    sent.dequeueFirst(cases.isDefinedAt) match {
+      case Some(msg) => {
+        val result = cases(msg)
+        then(result)
+        die()
+      }
+      case None => {
+        contCases = cases
+        contThen = then
+        Debug.info("No msg found. Saved complex continuation.")
+      }
+    }
+    throw new Done
+  }
+
+  def die() = {
+    isAlive = false
+    Debug.info("" + this + " died.")
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Pid.scala b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Pid.scala
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2c7ab20031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/actors/scala/actors/single/Pid.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package scala.actors.single;
+
+/**
+ * @author Philipp Haller
+ */
+abstract class Pid {
+  def !(msg: MailBox#Message): unit;
+  //def become(clos: Actor => Unit): unit
+  //def becomeReceiveLoop(f: PartialFunction[MailBox#Message,unit]): unit
+}
-- 
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