Java Virtual Machine ==================== This document gathers technical informations about the Java VM to help Java/Scala developers tuning their runtime settings on the Java VM. Java VM Options ---------------- * -Xmx option (maximum heap size) Heaps larger than 2GB are available starting with J2SE 1.3.1 Default: -client: 64M (32-bit UNIX and Windows, MacOS X) -server: 128M (MacOS X, see [vm11]) * -Xms option (initial heap size) Minimum: 1025K (Linux-i586, Solaris-i586), etc.. (see [vm08]) Default: -client: 2M (32-bit UNIX and Windows, MacOS X) -server: 32M (MacOS X, see [vm11]) * -Xss option (thread stack size) Minimum: 48K (Linux-i586), 64K (Solaris-i586), etc.. (see [vm08]) Default: 256K (32-bit UNIX and Windows) NB. Stack size under Windows is a link-time setting, so the executable (java.exe) as created by Sun has this 256K limit built in. Windows however, has a simple utility to modify the stack space of an executable (see [vm03]). In a command window (or Cygwin shell), use the EDITBIN command to permanently modify the executable (WARNING! Do not reduce the stack size below 32K, see [vm04]) EDITBIN /STACK:16000000 C:\Path\To\java.exe Scala Environment Options ------------------------- * JAVACMD variable (Java command) Scala default: java (v2.x) * JAVA_OPTS variable (Java options) Scala default: -Xmx256M -Xms16M (v2.x) In the following example, simply replace by "java-1.5", "java-1.6", "java-1.7" or "java-ibm-1.5" to experiment with different Java VMs: > env JAVACMD=/home/linuxsoft/apps//bin/java \ JAVA_OPTS="-Xmx256M -Xms16M -Xss128k" \ test/scalatest test/files/shootout/message.scala Resources ========= VM Options and Tools -------------------- [vm01] Some useful -XX options http://java.sun.com/javase/technologies/hotspot/vmoptions.jsp [vm02] jvmstat 3.0 http://java.sun.com/performance/jvmstat/ [vm03] Modify the actual java.exe executable on Windows http://www.eyesopen.com/docs/html/javaprog/node7.html [vm04] Configuring server stack size https://ssa.usyd.edu.au/docs/eassag/eassag20.htm [vm06] Tuning the Java Runtime System http://docs.sun.com/source/817-2180-10/pt_chap5.html [vm07] JVM Tuning http://www.caucho.com/resin-3.0/performance/jvm-tuning.xtp [vm08] Java HotSpot: load the VM from a non-primordial thread and effects on stack and heap limits. http://blogs.sun.com/ksrini/entry/hotspot_primordial_thread_jni_stack [vm09] A Collection of JVM Options (13-Dec-2005) http://blogs.sun.com/watt/resource/jvm-options-list.html [vm10] The Java VM for Mac OS X (Apple Developer Connection, 2006-05-23) http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Java/Conceptual/Java14Development/06-JavaVM/JavaVM.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001903-211276-TPXREF107 [vm11] Java Virtual Machine Options (Apple Developer Connection, 2006-05-23) http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Java/Conceptual/JavaPropVMInfoRef/Articles/JavaVirtualMachineOptions.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001974-SW1 [vm12] Running your Java application on AIX, Part 2: JVM memory models (22 Oct 2003) http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-JavaPart2.html [vm13] Options in JVM profiles (IBM) http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r1/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts31.doc/dfha2/dfha2jb.htm Garbage Collection ------------------ [gc01] Tuning Garbage Collection with the 5.0 Java[tm] Virtual Machine http://java.sun.com/docs/hotspot/gc5.0/gc_tuning_5.html [gc02] Tuning Garbage Collection with the 1.4.2 Java[tm] Virtual Machine http://java.sun.com/docs/hotspot/gc1.4.2/ [gc03] Tuning Garbage Collection with the 1.3.1 Java[tm] Virtual Machine http://java.sun.com/docs/hotspot/gc/ [gc04] Garbage Collector Ergonomics http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/vm/gc-ergonomics.html $Id$