Given the following code (which is broken): class Mxml { private def processChildren( children:Seq[Any] ):List[Mxml] = { children.toList.flatMap ( e => { e match { case s:scala.collection.Traversable[_] => s case a => List(a) } }) } } I get the following error: Mxml.scala:5: error: could not find implicit value for parameter bf:scala.collection.generic.BuilderFactory[Any,List[Mxml],Sequence[Any]]. children.flatMap ( e => { I spent 4 hours failing before I figured out the problem. The return type was wrong. It should have been List[Any]. I have seen similar errors with map. My solution in the past has been to change it to a foldLeft because I have never been able to determine how to fix the problem until now.