This (somewhat convoluted) code fails to compile class A[+U>:Null] { type R[+X>:Null] = X type O[+X] = A[R[X]] } with the following error: type arguments [A.this.R[X]] do not conform to class A's type parameter bounds [+U >: Null] However, because type R[+X>:Null] is identical to X, it should carry X bounds and R[X] lower bound should be known to be X's lower bound, i.e. Null. The same problem occurs with upper bounds.