trait A1 trait A2 trait A3 trait L1 extends A1 with A2 with A3 object Test { trait T1[-A <: A1] trait T2[-A >: L1] trait T3[ A <: A1] trait T4[ A >: L1] trait T5[+A <: A1] trait T6[+A >: L1] def f1(x: T1[_]) = x def f2(x: T2[_]) = x def f3(x: T3[_]) = x def f4(x: T4[_]) = x def f5(x: T5[_]) = x def f6(x: T6[_]) = x // a.scala:22: error: type arguments [Any] do not conform to trait T5's type parameter bounds [+A <: A1] // def f5(x: T5[_]) = x // ^ def g1(x: T1[_ <: A1]) = x def g2(x: T2[_ >: L1]) = x def g3(x: T3[_ <: A1]) = x def g4(x: T4[_ >: L1]) = x def g5(x: T5[_ <: A1]) = x def g6(x: T6[_ >: L1]) = x def q1(x: T1[_ >: L1]) = x def q2(x: T2[_ <: A1]) = x def q3(x: T3[_ >: L1]) = x def q4(x: T4[_ <: A1]) = x def q5(x: T5[_ >: L1]) = x def q6(x: T6[_ <: A1]) = x // a.scala:41: error: type arguments [Any] do not conform to trait T5's type parameter bounds [+A <: A1] // def q5(x: T5[_ >: L1]) = x // ^ // two errors found def h1(x: T1[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x def h2(x: T2[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x def h3(x: T3[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x def h4(x: T4[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x def h5(x: T5[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x def h6(x: T6[_ >: L1 <: A1]) = x }