# A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE # ========================== # # Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting # Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands # as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's # principal author, although it includes many contributions from others. # # In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for # National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us) # in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the # software. # # In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to # BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same # year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope # Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software # Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a # non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related # Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of # the PSF. # # All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for # the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python # releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes # the various releases. # # Release Derived Year Owner GPL- # from compatible? (1) # # 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes # 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes # 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no # 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no # 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2) # 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no # 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes # 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes # 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes # 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes # 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes # 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes # 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes # 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes # 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes # 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes # 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes # 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes # 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes # 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes # 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes # 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes # 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes # 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes # 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes # 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes # 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes # 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes # 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes # 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes # 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes # 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes # 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes # 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes # 2.6.5 2.6.4 2010 PSF yes # 2.7 2.6 2010 PSF yes # # Footnotes: # # (1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under # the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute # a modified version without making your changes open source. The # GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with # other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't. # # (2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible, # because its license has a choice of law clause. According to # CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1 # is "not incompatible" with the GPL. # # Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's # direction to make these releases possible. # # # B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON # =============================================================== # # PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2 # -------------------------------------------- # # 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation # ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and # otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and # its associated documentation. # # 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby # grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, # analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, # distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version, # provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, # i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, # 2011, 2012, 2013 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained # in Python alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. # # 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on # or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make # the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then # Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of # the changes made to Python. # # 4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" # basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND # DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS # FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT # INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. # # 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON # FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS # A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, # OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. # # 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material # breach of its terms and conditions. # # 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any # relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and # Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF # trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote # products or services of Licensee, or any third party. # # 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee # agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License # Agreement. # # # BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0 # ------------------------------------------- # # BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1 # # 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an # office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the # Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using # this software in source or binary form and its associated # documentation ("the Software"). # # 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License # Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, # royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform # and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and # otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version, # provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the # Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee. # # 3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" # basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND # DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS # FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT # INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. # # 4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE # SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS # AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY # DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. # # 5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material # breach of its terms and conditions. # # 6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all # respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of # law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to # create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture # between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant # permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark # sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any # third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at # http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the # permissions granted on that web page. # # 7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee # agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License # Agreement. # # # CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1 # --------------------------------------- # # 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National # Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, # Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization # ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in # source or binary form and its associated documentation. # # 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI # hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide # license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, # prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 # alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's # License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c) # 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights # Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative # version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License # Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the # quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and # conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with # Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following # unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This # Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet # using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013". # # 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on # or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make # the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then # Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of # the changes made to Python 1.6.1. # # 4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" # basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND # DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS # FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT # INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. # # 5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON # 1.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS # A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, # OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. # # 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material # breach of its terms and conditions. # # 7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal # intellectual property law of the United States, including without # limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such # U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of # Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions. # Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based # on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was # previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the # law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License # Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to # Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this # License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of # agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This # License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or # trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or # services of Licensee, or any third party. # # 8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, # installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be # bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement. # # ACCEPT # # # CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2 # -------------------------------------------------- # # Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, # The Netherlands. All rights reserved. # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its # documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, # provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that # both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in # supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch # Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to # distribution of the software without specific, written prior # permission. # # STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO # THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND # FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE # FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES # WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN # ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT # OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.