Refactored Printing architecture.

Split printers into several files. Added refined printing of trees. Changed Showable and generalized printing
under a precedence.

20 files changed, 906 insertions, 567 deletions

diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Constants.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Constants.scala
index cdfb62a18..b2949aae7 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Constants.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Constants.scala
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package dotty.tools.dotc
 package core
 
 import Types._, Symbols._, Contexts._
+import printing.Printer
 
 object Constants {
 
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ object Constants {
 
     def stringValue: String = value.toString
 
-    def toText(implicit ctx: Context) = ctx.toText(this)
+    def toText(printer: Printer) = printer.toText(this)
 
     def typeValue: Type     = value.asInstanceOf[Type]
     def symbolValue: Symbol = value.asInstanceOf[Symbol]
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
index e6bd5a843..d29f8834d 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Contexts.scala
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import Names._
 import Phases._
 import Types._
 import Symbols._
-import TypeComparers._, printing.Printers._, NameOps._, SymDenotations._, util.Positions._
+import TypeComparers._, NameOps._, SymDenotations._, util.Positions._
 import TypedTrees.tpd._, util.FreshNameCreator
 import config.Settings._
 import config.ScalaSettings
 import reporting._
 import collection.mutable
 import collection.immutable.BitSet
+import printing._
 import config.{Settings, Platform, JavaPlatform}
 import language.implicitConversions
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ object Contexts {
                             with Substituters
                             with TypeOps
                             with Phases
-                            with printing.Printers
+                            with Printers
                             with Symbols
                             with SymDenotations
                             with Reporting
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ object Contexts {
   object Context {
 
     /** Implicit conversion that injects all printer operations into a context */
-    implicit def toPrinter(ctx: Context) = ctx.printer(ctx)
+    implicit def toPrinter(ctx: Context) = ctx.printer
 
     /** implicit conversion that injects all ContextBase members into a context */
     implicit def toBase(ctx: Context): ContextBase = ctx.base
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Decorators.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Decorators.scala
index 2f91aa59a..5e2da43e5 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Decorators.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Decorators.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package core
 
 import annotation.tailrec
 import Symbols._
-import Contexts._, Names._, Phases._, printing.Texts._
+import Contexts._, Names._, Phases._, printing.Texts._, printing.Printer
 
 /** This object provides useful implicit decorators for types defined elsewhere */
 object Decorators {
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ object Decorators {
     def toTermName: TermName = termName(s)
     def toEncodedTypeName = encodedTypeName(s)
     def toEncodedTermName = encodedTermName(s)
+    def toText(printer: Printer): Text = Str(s)
   }
 
   /** Implements a findSymbol method on iterators of Symbols that
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Denotations.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Denotations.scala
index e30e230b1..97b25be00 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Denotations.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Denotations.scala
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import Symbols.NoSymbol
 import Symbols._
 import Types._, Periods._, Flags._, Transformers._
 import printing.Texts._
+import printing.Printer
 import io.AbstractFile
 import Decorators.SymbolIteratorDecorator
 
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ object Denotations {
       }
     }
 
-    def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text = ctx.toText(this)
+    def toText(printer: Printer): Text = printer.toText(this)
   }
 
   /** An overloaded denotation consisting of the alternatives of both given denotations.
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Flags.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Flags.scala
index 726b13af9..f22c2a0f2 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Flags.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Flags.scala
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ object Flags {
   /** Flags representing source modifiers */
   final val ModifierFlags =
     commonFlags(Private, Protected, Abstract, Final,
-     Sealed, Case, Implicit, AbsOverride, Lazy)
+     Sealed, Case, Implicit, Override, AbsOverride, Lazy)
 
   /** Flags representing access rights */
   final val AccessFlags = Private | Protected | Local
@@ -434,6 +434,9 @@ object Flags {
   /** Labeled private[this] */
   final val PrivateLocal = allOf(Private, Local)
 
+  /** A local parameter */
+  final val ParamAndLocal = allOf(Param, Local)
+
   /** Labeled protected[this] */
   final val ProtectedLocal = allOf(Protected, Local)
 
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Names.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Names.scala
index c7fedbc4c..e5535cff3 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Names.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Names.scala
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package core
 
 import scala.io.Codec
 import util.NameTransformer
+import printing.{Showable, Texts, Printer}
+import Texts.Text
 import Decorators._
 import Contexts.Context
 import collection.IndexedSeqOptimized
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ object Names {
   /** A common class for things that can be turned into names.
    *  Instances are both names and strings, the latter via a decorator.
    */
-  trait PreName extends Any {
+  trait PreName extends Any with Showable {
     def toTypeName: TypeName
     def toTermName: TermName
   }
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ object Names {
     override def toString =
       if (length == 0) "" else new String(chrs, start, length)
 
-    def show(implicit ctx: Context): String = ctx.nameString(this)
+    def toText(printer: Printer): Text = printer.toText(this)
 
     /** Write to UTF8 representation of this name to given character array.
      *  Start copying to index `to`. Return index of next free byte in array.
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Scopes.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Scopes.scala
index 426d5a51a..82ec0a30a 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Scopes.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Scopes.scala
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import Decorators._
 import Contexts._
 import Denotations._
 import printing.Texts._
+import printing.Printer
 import SymDenotations.NoDenotation
 
 object Scopes {
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ object Scopes {
       syms
     }
 
-    final def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text = ctx.toText(this)
+    final def toText(printer: Printer): Text = printer.toText(this)
   }
 
   /** A subclass of Scope that defines methods for entering and
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Symbols.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Symbols.scala
index 7d9fa9d44..b6efdcd36 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Symbols.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Symbols.scala
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import Decorators._
 import Symbols._
 import Contexts._
 import SymDenotations._, printing.Texts._
+import printing.Printer
 import Types._, Annotations._, util.Positions._, StdNames._, Trees._, NameOps._
 import Denotations.{ Denotation, SingleDenotation, MultiDenotation }
 import collection.mutable
@@ -382,7 +383,7 @@ object Symbols {
       if (lastDenot == null) s"Naked$prefixString#$id"
       else lastDenot.toString +"#"+id // !!! DEBUG
 
-    def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text = ctx.toText(this)
+    def toText(printer: Printer): Text = printer.toText(this)
 
     def showLocated(implicit ctx: Context): String = ctx.locatedText(this).show
     def showDcl(implicit ctx: Context): Text = ctx.dclText(this).show
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Trees.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Trees.scala
index f99e72196..9ac738929 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Trees.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Trees.scala
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import language.higherKinds
 import collection.mutable
 import collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer
 import parsing.Tokens.Token
+import printing.Printer
 import util.Stats
 
 object Trees {
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ object Trees {
     def orElse(that: => Tree[T]): Tree[T] =
       if (this eq theEmptyTree) that else this
 
-    override def toText(implicit ctx: Context) = ctx.toText(this)
+    override def toText(printer: Printer) = printer.toText(this)
 
     override def hashCode(): Int = System.identityHashCode(this)
     override def equals(that: Any) = this eq that.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@ object Trees {
   }
 
   /** try block catch handler finally finalizer */
-  case class Try[T >: Untyped](block: Tree[T], handler: Tree[T], finalizer: Tree[T])
+  case class Try[T >: Untyped](expr: Tree[T], handler: Tree[T], finalizer: Tree[T])
     extends TermTree[T] {
     type ThisTree[T >: Untyped] = Try[T]
   }
@@ -531,11 +532,6 @@ object Trees {
     type ThisTree[T >: Untyped] = DefDef[T]
   }
 
-  class ImplicitDefDef[T >: Untyped](mods: Modifiers[T], name: TermName, tparams: List[TypeDef[T]], vparamss: List[List[ValDef[T]]], tpt: Tree[T], rhs: Tree[T]) extends DefDef[T](mods, name, tparams, vparamss, tpt, rhs) {
-    override def copy[T >: Untyped](mods: Modifiers[T], name: TermName, tparams: List[TypeDef[T]], vparamss: List[List[ValDef[T]]], tpt: Tree[T], rhs: Tree[T]) =
-      new ImplicitDefDef[T](mods, name, tparams, vparamss, tpt, rhs)
-  }
-
   /** mods type name = rhs   or
    *  mods type name >: lo <: hi, if rhs = TypeBoundsTree(lo, hi)
    */
@@ -769,9 +765,9 @@ object Trees {
       case tree: Return[_] if (expr eq tree.expr) && (from eq tree.from) => tree
       case _ => Return(expr, from).copyAttr(tree)
     }
-    def derivedTry(block: Tree[T], handler: Tree[T], finalizer: Tree[T]): Try[T] = tree match {
-      case tree: Try[_] if (block eq tree.block) && (handler eq tree.handler) && (finalizer eq tree.finalizer) => tree
-      case _ => Try(block, handler, finalizer).copyAttr(tree)
+    def derivedTry(expr: Tree[T], handler: Tree[T], finalizer: Tree[T]): Try[T] = tree match {
+      case tree: Try[_] if (expr eq tree.expr) && (handler eq tree.handler) && (finalizer eq tree.finalizer) => tree
+      case _ => Try(expr, handler, finalizer).copyAttr(tree)
     }
     def derivedThrow(expr: Tree[T]): Throw[T] = tree match {
       case tree: Throw[_] if (expr eq tree.expr) => tree
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Types.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Types.scala
index 46b718968..ea3c9ca59 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Types.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/Types.scala
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import Denotations._
 import Periods._
 import TypedTrees.tpd._, TypedTrees.TreeMapper, printing.Texts._
 import transform.Erasure
+import printing.Printer
 import scala.util.hashing.{ MurmurHash3 => hashing }
 import collection.mutable
 
@@ -735,7 +736,7 @@ object Types {
      */
     def signature(implicit ctx: Context): Signature = NotAMethod
 
-    def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text = ctx.toText(this, printing.Printers.GlobalPrec)
+    def toText(printer: Printer): Text = printer.toText(this)
 
 // ----- hashing ------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/UntypedTrees.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/UntypedTrees.scala
index 6fa830a45..80aeba77e 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/UntypedTrees.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/UntypedTrees.scala
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ object UntypedTrees {
 
     /** (vparams) => body */
     case class SymbolLit(str: String) extends Tree
-    case class InterpolatedString(id: TermName, stringParts: List[Tree], elems: List[Tree]) extends Tree
+    case class InterpolatedString(id: TermName, strings: List[Literal], elems: List[Tree]) extends Tree
     case class Function(args: List[Tree], body: Tree) extends Tree
     case class InfixOp(left: Tree, op: Name, right: Tree) extends Tree
     case class PostfixOp(tree: Tree, op: Name) extends Tree
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/pickling/UnPickler.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/pickling/UnPickler.scala
index 1c9ce4b8a..5083ccf52 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/pickling/UnPickler.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/core/pickling/UnPickler.scala
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import Contexts._, Symbols._, Types._, Scopes._, SymDenotations._, Names._, Name
 import StdNames._, Denotations._, NameOps._, Flags._, Constants._, Annotations._
 import util.Positions._, TypedTrees.tpd._, TypedTrees.TreeOps
 import printing.Texts._
+import printing.Printer
 import io.AbstractFile
 import scala.reflect.internal.pickling.PickleFormat._
 import Decorators._
@@ -24,8 +25,8 @@ object UnPickler {
   class BadSignature(msg: String) extends RuntimeException(msg)
 
   case class TempPolyType(tparams: List[Symbol], tpe: Type) extends UncachedGroundType {
-    override def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text =
-      "[" ~ ctx.dclsText(tparams, ", ") ~ "]" ~ tpe.show
+    override def fallbackToText(printer: Printer): Text =
+      "[" ~ printer.dclsText(tparams, ", ") ~ "]" ~ printer.toText(tpe)
   }
 
   /** Temporary type for classinfos, will be decomposed on completion of the class */
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/package.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/package.scala
index b829bd313..0f64f9e1f 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/package.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/parsing/package.scala
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ package object parsing {
     }
 
   def minPrec = 0
-  def maxPrec = 10
+  def minInfixPrec = 1
+  def maxPrec = 11
 
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..274f78bee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/PlainPrinter.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+package printing
+
+import core._
+import Texts._, Trees._, Types._, Flags._, Names._, Symbols._, NameOps._, Constants._
+import Contexts.Context, Scopes.Scope, Denotations.Denotation, Annotations.Annotation
+import StdNames.nme
+import UntypedTrees.untpd
+import java.lang.Integer.toOctalString
+import scala.annotation.switch
+
+class PlainPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends Printer {
+  protected[this] implicit val ctx = _ctx
+
+  protected def maxToTextRecursions = 100
+
+  protected final def controlled(op: => Text): Text =
+    if (ctx.toTextRecursions < maxToTextRecursions)
+      try {
+        ctx.toTextRecursions += 1
+        op
+      } finally {
+        ctx.toTextRecursions -= 1
+      }
+    else {
+      recursionLimitExceeeded()
+      "..."
+    }
+
+  protected def recursionLimitExceeeded() = {
+    ctx.warning("Exceeded recursion depth attempting to print type.")
+    (new Throwable).printStackTrace
+  }
+
+  /** Render elements alternating with `sep` string */
+  protected def toText(elems: Traversable[Showable], sep: String) =
+    Text(elems map (_ toText this), sep)
+
+  /** Render element within highest precedence */
+  protected def toTextLocal(elem: Showable): Text =
+    atPrec(DotPrec) { elem.toText(this) }
+
+  /** Render element within lowest precedence */
+  protected def toTextGlobal(elem: Showable): Text =
+    atPrec(GlobalPrec) { elem.toText(this) }
+
+  protected def toTextLocal(elems: Traversable[Showable], sep: String) =
+    atPrec(DotPrec) { toText(elems, sep) }
+
+  protected def toTextGlobal(elems: Traversable[Showable], sep: String) =
+    atPrec(GlobalPrec) { toText(elems, sep) }
+
+  /** If the name of the symbol's owner should be used when you care about
+   *  seeing an interesting name: in such cases this symbol is e.g. a method
+   *  parameter with a synthetic name, a constructor named "this", an object
+   *  "package", etc.  The kind string, if non-empty, will be phrased relative
+   *  to the name of the owner.
+   */
+  protected def hasMeaninglessName(sym: Symbol) = (
+       (sym is Param) && sym.owner.isSetter    // x$1
+    || sym.isClassConstructor                  // this
+    || (sym.name == nme.PACKAGE)               // package
+  )
+
+  def nameString(name: Name): String = name.toString + {
+    if (ctx.settings.debugNames.value)
+      if (name.isLocalName) "/L"
+      else if (name.isTypeName) "/T"
+      else "/V"
+    else ""
+  }
+
+  def toText(name: Name): Text = Str(nameString(name))
+
+  /** String representation of a name used in a refinement
+   *  In refined printing this undoes type parameter expansion
+   */
+  protected def refinementNameString(tp: RefinedType) = nameString(tp.refinedName)
+
+  /** String representation of a refinement */
+  protected def toTextRefinement(rt: RefinedType) =
+    (refinementNameString(rt) ~ toTextRHS(rt.refinedInfo)).close
+
+  /** The longest sequence of refinement types, starting at given type
+   *  and following parents.
+   */
+  private def refinementChain(tp: Type): List[Type] =
+    tp :: (tp match {
+      case RefinedType(parent, _) => refinementChain(parent)
+      case _ => Nil
+    })
+
+  def toText(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
+    tp match {
+      case tp: TypeType =>
+        toTextRHS(tp)
+      case tp: SingletonType =>
+        val pre = toTextPrefix(tp)
+        if (pre.lastLine.endsWith(".")) pre ~ "type"
+        else fullNameString(tp.typeSymbol.skipPackageObject) ~ ".type"
+      case TypeRef(pre, name) =>
+        toTextPrefix(pre) ~ nameString(tp.typeSymbol)
+      case tp: RefinedType =>
+        // return tp.toString // !!! DEBUG
+        val parent :: (refined: List[RefinedType]) =
+          refinementChain(tp).reverse
+        toTextLocal(parent) ~ "{" ~ Text(refined map toTextRefinement, "; ").close ~ "}"
+      case AndType(tp1, tp2) =>
+        changePrec(AndPrec) { toText(tp1) ~ " & " ~ toText(tp2) }
+      case OrType(tp1, tp2) =>
+        changePrec(OrPrec) { toText(tp1) ~ " | " ~ toText(tp2) }
+      case ErrorType =>
+        "<error>"
+      case WildcardType =>
+        "?"
+      case NoType =>
+        "<notype>"
+      case NoPrefix =>
+        "<noprefix>"
+      case tp: MethodType =>
+        def paramText(name: TermName, tp: Type) = toText(name) ~ ": " ~ toText(tp)
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          (if (tp.isImplicit) "(implicit " else "(") ~
+            Text((tp.paramNames, tp.paramTypes).zipped map paramText, ", ") ~
+          ")" ~ toText(tp.resultType)
+        }
+      case tp: ExprType =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) { "=> " ~ toText(tp.resultType) }
+      case tp: PolyType =>
+        def paramText(name: TypeName, bounds: TypeBounds) = toText(polyParamName(name)) ~ ": " ~ toText(bounds)
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          "[" ~
+            Text((tp.paramNames, tp.paramBounds).zipped map paramText, ", ") ~
+          "]" ~ toText(tp.resultType)
+        }
+      case PolyParam(pt, n) =>
+        toText(polyParamName(pt.paramNames(n)))
+      case AnnotatedType(annot, tpe) =>
+        toTextLocal(tpe) ~ " " ~ toText(annot)
+      case _ =>
+        tp.fallbackToText(this)
+    }
+  }.close
+
+  protected def polyParamName(name: TypeName): TypeName = name
+
+  /** The name of the symbol without a unique id. Under refined printing,
+   *  the decoded original name.
+   */
+  protected def simpleNameString(sym: Symbol): String = nameString(sym.name)
+
+  /** The unique id of symbol, after a # */
+  protected def idString(sym: Symbol): String =
+    if (ctx.settings.uniqid.value) "#" + sym.id else ""
+
+  def nameString(sym: Symbol): String = simpleNameString(sym) + idString(sym)
+
+  def fullNameString(sym: Symbol): String =
+    if (sym.isRoot || sym == NoSymbol || sym.owner.isEffectiveRoot)
+      nameString(sym)
+    else
+      fullNameString(sym.effectiveOwner.enclosingClass) + "." + nameString(sym)
+
+  protected def objectPrefix = "object "
+  protected def packagePrefix = "package "
+
+  protected def trimPrefix(text: Text) =
+    text.stripPrefix(objectPrefix).stripPrefix(packagePrefix)
+
+  /** The string representation of this type used as a prefix */
+  protected def toTextPrefix(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
+    tp match {
+      case tp @ TermRef(pre, name) =>
+        toTextPrefix(pre) ~ nameString(tp.symbol) ~ "."
+      case ThisType(cls) =>
+        nameString(cls) + ".this."
+      case SuperType(thistpe, _) =>
+        toTextPrefix(thistpe).map(_.replaceAll("""\bthis\.$""", "super."))
+      case tp @ ConstantType(value) =>
+        toTextLocal(tp.underlying) ~ "(" ~ toText(value) ~ ")."
+      case MethodParam(mt, idx) =>
+        nameString(mt.paramNames(idx)) + "."
+      case RefinedThis(_) =>
+        "this."
+      case NoPrefix =>
+        ""
+      case _ =>
+        trimPrefix(toTextLocal(tp)) ~ "#"
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected def isOmittablePrefix(sym: Symbol) =
+    (defn.UnqualifiedOwners contains sym) || isEmptyPrefix(sym)
+
+  protected def isEmptyPrefix(sym: Symbol) =
+    sym.isEffectiveRoot || sym.isAnonymousClass || sym.name.isReplWrapperName
+
+  /** String representation of a definition's type following its name */
+  protected def toTextRHS(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
+    tp match {
+      case TypeBounds(lo, hi) =>
+        if (lo eq hi)
+          " = " ~ toText(lo)
+        else
+          (if (lo == defn.NothingType) Text() else " >: " ~ toText(lo)) ~
+            (if (hi == defn.AnyType) Text() else " <: " ~ toText(hi))
+      case ClassInfo(pre, cls, cparents, decls, optSelfType) =>
+        val preText = toTextLocal(pre)
+        val (tparams, otherDecls) = decls.toList partition treatAsTypeParam
+        val tparamsText =
+          if (tparams.isEmpty) Text() else ("[" ~ dclsText(tparams) ~ "]").close
+        val selfText =
+          if (optSelfType.exists)
+            "this: " ~ atPrec(InfixPrec) { toText(optSelfType) } ~ " =>"
+          else Text()
+        val parentsText = Text(cparents.map(p =>
+          toTextLocal(reconstituteParent(cls, p))), " with ")
+        val trueDecls = otherDecls.filterNot(treatAsTypeArg)
+        val declsText = if (trueDecls.isEmpty) Text() else dclsText(trueDecls)
+        tparamsText ~ " extends " ~ parentsText ~ "{" ~ selfText ~ declsText ~
+          "} at " ~ preText
+      case _ =>
+        ": " ~ toTextGlobal(tp)
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected def treatAsTypeParam(sym: Symbol): Boolean = false
+  protected def treatAsTypeArg(sym: Symbol): Boolean = false
+  protected def reconstituteParent(cls: ClassSymbol, parent: Type): Type = parent
+
+  /** String representation of symbol's kind. */
+  def kindString(sym: Symbol): String = {
+    val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
+    if (flags is PackageClass) "package class"
+    else if (flags is PackageVal) "package"
+    else if (sym.isPackageObject)
+      if (sym.isClass) "package object class"
+      else "package object"
+    else if (sym.isAnonymousClass) "anonymous class"
+    else if (flags is ModuleClass) "module class"
+    else if (flags is ModuleVal) "module"
+    else if (flags is ImplClass) "implementation class"
+    else if (flags is Trait) "trait"
+    else if (sym.isClass) "class"
+    else if (sym.isType) "type"
+    else if (sym.isGetter) "getter"
+    else if (sym.isSetter) "setter"
+    else if (flags is Lazy) "lazy value"
+    else if (flags is Mutable) "variable"
+    else if (sym.isClassConstructor && sym.isPrimaryConstructor) "primary constructor"
+    else if (sym.isClassConstructor) "constructor"
+    else if (sym.isSourceMethod) "method"
+    else if (sym.isTerm) "value"
+    else ""
+  }
+
+  /** String representation of symbol's definition key word */
+  protected def keyString(sym: Symbol): String = {
+    val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
+    if (flags is JavaInterface) "interface"
+    else if ((flags is Trait) && !(flags is ImplClass)) "trait"
+    else if (sym.isClass) "class"
+    else if (sym.isType) "type"
+    else if (flags is Mutable) "var"
+    else if (flags is Package) "package"
+    else if (flags is Module) "object"
+    else if (sym.isSourceMethod) "def"
+    else if (sym.isTerm && (!(flags is Param))) "val"
+    else ""
+  }
+
+  /** String representation of symbol's flags */
+  protected def toTextFlags(sym: Symbol): Text =
+    Text(sym.flags.flagStrings map stringToText, " ")
+
+  /** String representation of symbol's variance or "" if not applicable */
+  protected def varianceString(sym: Symbol): String = sym.variance match {
+    case -1 => "-"
+    case 1 => "+"
+    case _ => ""
+  }
+
+  def dclText(sym: Symbol): Text =
+    (toTextFlags(sym) ~~ keyString(sym) ~~
+      (varianceString(sym) ~ nameString(sym)) ~ toTextRHS(sym.info)).close
+
+  def toText(sym: Symbol): Text =
+    (kindString(sym) ~~ {
+      if (hasMeaninglessName(sym)) simpleNameString(sym.owner) + idString(sym)
+      else nameString(sym)
+    }).close
+
+  def locationText(sym: Symbol): Text = {
+    val owns = sym.effectiveOwner
+    if (owns.isClass && !isEmptyPrefix(owns)) " in " ~ toText(owns) else Text()
+  }
+
+  def locatedText(sym: Symbol): Text =
+    (toText(sym) ~ locationText(sym)).close
+
+  def toText(denot: Denotation): Text = toText(denot.symbol) ~ "/D"
+
+  @switch private def escapedChar(ch: Char): String = ch match {
+    case '\b' => "\\b"
+    case '\t' => "\\t"
+    case '\n' => "\\n"
+    case '\f' => "\\f"
+    case '\r' => "\\r"
+    case '"' => "\\\""
+    case '\'' => "\\\'"
+    case '\\' => "\\\\"
+    case _ => if (ch.isControl) "\\0" + toOctalString(ch) else String.valueOf(ch)
+  }
+
+  def toText(const: Constant): Text = const.tag match {
+    case StringTag => "\"" + escapedString(const.value.toString) + "\""
+    case ClazzTag => "classOf[" ~ toText(const.tpe) ~ "]"
+    case CharTag => s"'${escapedChar(const.charValue)}'"
+    case LongTag => const.longValue.toString + "L"
+    case EnumTag => const.symbolValue.name.toString
+    case _ => String.valueOf(const.value)
+  }
+
+  def toText(annot: Annotation): Text = s"@${annot.symbol.name}" // for now
+
+  protected def escapedString(str: String): String = str flatMap escapedChar
+
+  def dclsText(syms: List[Symbol], sep: String): Text = Text(syms map dclText, sep)
+
+  def toText(sc: Scope): Text =
+    ("Scope{" ~ dclsText(sc.toList) ~ "}").close
+
+  def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text = {
+    tree match {
+      case node: Positioned =>
+        def toTextElem(elem: Any): Text = elem match {
+          case elem: Showable => elem.toText(this)
+          case elem: List[_] => "List(" ~ Text(elem map toTextElem, ",") ~ ")"
+          case elem => elem.toString
+        }
+        val nodeName = node.productPrefix
+        val elems =
+          Text(node.productIterator.map(toTextElem).toList, ", ")
+        val tpSuffix =
+          if (ctx.settings.printtypes.value && tree.hasType)
+            " | " ~ toText(tree.tpe.asInstanceOf[Type])
+          else
+            Text()
+
+        nodeName ~ "(" ~ elems ~ tpSuffix ~ ")" ~ node.pos.toString
+      case _ =>
+        tree.fallbackToText(this)
+    }
+  }.close // todo: override in refined printer
+}
+
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ba3141f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printer.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+package printing
+
+import core._
+import Texts._, Trees._
+import Types.Type, Symbols.Symbol, Contexts.Context, Scopes.Scope, Constants.Constant,
+       Names.Name, Denotations.Denotation, Annotations.Annotation
+
+/** The base class of all printers
+ */
+abstract class Printer {
+
+  private[this] var prec: Precedence = GlobalPrec
+
+  /** The current precedence level */
+  def currentPrecedence = prec
+
+  /** Generate text using `op`, assuming a given precedence level `prec`. */
+  def atPrec(prec: Precedence)(op: => Text): Text = {
+    val outerPrec = this.prec
+    this.prec = prec
+    try op
+    finally this.prec = outerPrec
+  }
+
+  /** Generate text using `op`, assuming a given precedence level `prec`.
+   *  If new level `prec` is lower than previous level, put text in parentheses.
+   */
+  def changePrec(prec: Precedence)(op: => Text): Text =
+    if (prec < this.prec) atPrec(prec) ("(" ~ op ~ ")") else atPrec(prec)(op)
+
+  /** The name, possibley with with namespace suffix if debugNames is set:
+   *  /L for local names, /V for other term names, /T for type names
+   */
+  def nameString(name: Name): String
+
+  /** The name of the given symbol.
+   *  If !settings.debug, the original name where
+   *  expansions of operators are translated back to operator symbol.
+   *  E.g. $eq => =.
+   *  If settings.uniqid, adds id.
+   */
+  def nameString(sym: Symbol): String
+
+  /** The fully qualified name of the symbol */
+  def fullNameString(sym: Symbol): String
+
+  /** The kind of the symbol */
+  def kindString(sym: Symbol): String
+
+  /** The name as a text */
+  def toText(name: Name): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation, including symbol's kind e.g., "class Foo", "method Bar".
+   *  If hasMeaninglessName is true, uses the owner's name to disambiguate identity.
+   */
+  def toText(sym: Symbol): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of symbol's declaration */
+  def dclText(sym: Symbol): Text
+
+  /** If symbol's owner is a printable class C, the text "in C", otherwise "" */
+  def locationText(sym: Symbol): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of symbol and its location */
+  def locatedText(sym: Symbol): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of denotation */
+  def toText(denot: Denotation): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of constant */
+  def toText(const: Constant): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of annotation */
+  def toText(annot: Annotation): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of type */
+  def toText(tp: Type): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of all symbols in given list,
+   *  using `dclText` for displaying each.
+   */
+  def dclsText(syms: List[Symbol], sep: String = "\n"): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of all definitions in a scope using `dclText` for each */
+  def toText(sc: Scope): Text
+
+  /** Textual representation of tree */
+  def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text
+}
+
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printers.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printers.scala
index 59e89ee9d..ba1cf83bb 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printers.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Printers.scala
@@ -1,545 +1,15 @@
 package dotty.tools.dotc
 package printing
 
-import core._
-import Types._, Symbols._, Contexts._, Scopes._, Names._, NameOps._, Flags._
-import Constants._, Annotations._, StdNames._, Denotations._, SymDenotations._, Trees._
-import Texts._
-import java.lang.Integer.toOctalString
-import scala.annotation.switch
-import parsing.{precedence, minPrec, maxPrec}
+import core.Contexts.Context
 
 trait Printers { this: Context =>
 
-  import Printers._
+  /** A creation method for printers, depending on debug option */
+  def printerFn = if (this.debug) plainPrinter else refinedPrinter
 
-  def printer = if (this.debug) plainPrinter else refinedPrinter
+  /** A function creatung a printer */
+  def printer = printerFn(this)
 
 }
 
-object Printers {
-
-  class Precedence(val value: Int) extends AnyVal {
-    def parenthesize(nested: Precedence)(text: Text) =
-      if (nested.value < value) "(" ~ text ~ ")" else text
-  }
-
-  val DotPrec       = new Precedence(maxPrec)
-  val AndPrec       = new Precedence(precedence(nme.raw.AMP))
-  val OrPrec        = new Precedence(precedence(nme.raw.BAR))
-  val WithPrec      = new Precedence(precedence(nme.WITHkw))
-  val LeftArrowPrec = WithPrec
-  val GlobalPrec    = new Precedence(minPrec)
-
-  abstract class Printer {
-
-    /** The name, possibley with with namespace suffix if debugNames is set:
-     *  /L for local names, /V for other term names, /T for type names
-     */
-    def nameString(name: Name): String
-
-    /** The name of the given symbol.
-     *  If !settings.debug, the original name where
-     *  expansions of operators are translated back to operator symbol.
-     *  E.g. $eq => =.
-     *  If settings.uniqid, adds id.
-     */
-    def nameString(sym: Symbol): String
-
-    /** The fully qualified name of the symbol */
-    def fullNameString(sym: Symbol): String
-
-    /** The kind of the symbol */
-    def kindString(sym: Symbol): String
-
-    /** Textual representation, including symbol's kind e.g., "class Foo", "method Bar".
-     *  If hasMeaninglessName is true, uses the owner's name to disambiguate identity.
-     */
-    def toText(sym: Symbol): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of symbol's declaration */
-    def dclText(sym: Symbol): Text
-
-    /** If symbol's owner is a printable class C, the text "in C", otherwise "" */
-    def locationText(sym: Symbol): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of symbol and its location */
-    def locatedText(sym: Symbol): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of denotation */
-    def toText(denot: Denotation): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of constant */
-    def toText(const: Constant): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of annotation */
-    def toText(annot: Annotation): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of type in context with given precedence */
-    def toText(tp: Type, precedence: Precedence): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of all symbols in given list,
-     *  using `dclText` for displaying each.
-     */
-    def dclsText(syms: List[Symbol], sep: String = "\n"): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of all definitions in a scope using `dclText` for each */
-    def toText(sc: Scope): Text
-
-    /** Textual representation of tree */
-    def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text
-  }
-
-  class PlainPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends Printer {
-    protected[this] implicit val ctx = _ctx
-
-    def controlled(op: => Text): Text =
-      if (ctx.toTextRecursions < maxToTextRecursions)
-        try {
-          ctx.toTextRecursions += 1
-          op
-        } finally {
-          ctx.toTextRecursions -= 1
-        }
-      else {
-        recursionLimitExceeeded()
-        "..."
-      }
-
-    protected def recursionLimitExceeeded() = {
-      ctx.warning("Exceeded recursion depth attempting to print type.")
-      (new Throwable).printStackTrace
-    }
-
-    /** If the name of the symbol's owner should be used when you care about
-     *  seeing an interesting name: in such cases this symbol is e.g. a method
-     *  parameter with a synthetic name, a constructor named "this", an object
-     *  "package", etc.  The kind string, if non-empty, will be phrased relative
-     *  to the name of the owner.
-     */
-    protected def hasMeaninglessName(sym: Symbol) = (
-         (sym is Param) && sym.owner.isSetter    // x$1
-      || sym.isClassConstructor                  // this
-      || (sym.name == nme.PACKAGE)               // package
-    )
-
-    def nameString(name: Name): String = name.toString + {
-      if (ctx.settings.debugNames.value)
-        if (name.isLocalName) "/L"
-        else if (name.isTypeName) "/T"
-        else "/V"
-      else ""
-    }
-
-    /** String representation of a name used in a refinement
-     *  In refined printing this undoes type parameter expansion
-     */
-    protected def refinementNameString(tp: RefinedType) = nameString(tp.refinedName)
-
-    /** String representation of a refinement */
-    protected def toTextRefinement(rt: RefinedType) =
-      (refinementNameString(rt) ~ toTextRHS(rt.refinedInfo)).close
-
-    /** The longest sequence of refinement types, starting at given type
-     *  and following parents.
-     */
-    private def refinementChain(tp: Type): List[Type] =
-      tp :: (tp match {
-        case RefinedType(parent, _) => refinementChain(parent)
-        case _ => Nil
-      })
-
-    def toText(tp: Type, prec: Precedence): Text = controlled {
-      tp match {
-        case tp: TypeType =>
-          toTextRHS(tp)
-        case tp: SingletonType =>
-          val pre = toTextPrefix(tp)
-          if (pre.lastLine.endsWith(".")) pre ~ "type"
-          else fullNameString(tp.typeSymbol.skipPackageObject) ~ ".type"
-        case TypeRef(pre, name) =>
-          toTextPrefix(pre) ~ nameString(tp.typeSymbol)
-        case tp: RefinedType =>
-          // return tp.toString // !!! DEBUG
-          val parent :: (refined: List[RefinedType]) =
-            refinementChain(tp).reverse
-          toTextLocal(parent) ~ "{" ~
-            Text(refined.map(toTextRefinement), "; ").close ~ "}"
-        case AndType(tp1, tp2) =>
-          (prec parenthesize AndPrec) {
-            toText(tp1, AndPrec) ~ " & " ~ toText(tp2, AndPrec)
-          }
-        case OrType(tp1, tp2) =>
-          (prec parenthesize OrPrec) {
-            toText(tp1, OrPrec) ~ " | " ~ toText(tp2, OrPrec)
-          }
-        case ErrorType =>
-          "<error>"
-        case WildcardType =>
-          "?"
-        case NoType =>
-          "<notype>"
-        case NoPrefix =>
-          "<noprefix>"
-        case tp: MethodType =>
-          (prec parenthesize GlobalPrec) {
-            (if (tp.isImplicit) "(implicit " else "(") ~
-            Text(
-              (tp.paramNames, tp.paramTypes).zipped
-                .map((name, tp) => nameString(name) ~ ": " ~ toTextGlobal(tp)),
-            ", ") ~
-            ")" ~ toTextGlobal(tp.resultType)
-          }
-        case tp: ExprType =>
-          (prec parenthesize GlobalPrec) {
-            "=> " ~ toTextGlobal(tp.resultType)
-          }
-        case tp: PolyType =>
-          (prec parenthesize GlobalPrec) {
-            "[" ~
-              Text(
-                (tp.paramNames, tp.paramBounds).zipped
-                  .map((name, bounds) =>
-                    nameString(polyParamName(name)) ~ toTextGlobal(bounds)),
-                ", ") ~
-                "]" ~ toTextGlobal(tp.resultType)
-          }
-        case PolyParam(pt, n) =>
-          nameString(polyParamName(pt.paramNames(n)))
-        case AnnotatedType(annot, tpe) =>
-          toTextLocal(tpe) ~ " " ~ toText(annot)
-      }
-    }.close
-
-    protected def polyParamName(name: TypeName): TypeName = name
-
-    /** Render type within highest precedence */
-    protected def toTextLocal(tp: Type) = toText(tp, DotPrec)
-
-    /** Render type within lowest precedence */
-    protected def toTextGlobal(tp: Type) = toText(tp, GlobalPrec)
-
-    /** The name of the symbol without a unique id. Under refined printing,
-     *  the decoded original name.
-     */
-    protected def simpleNameString(sym: Symbol): String = nameString(sym.name)
-
-    /** The unique id of symbol, after a # */
-    protected def idString(sym: Symbol): String =
-      if (ctx.settings.uniqid.value) "#" + sym.id else ""
-
-    def nameString(sym: Symbol): String = simpleNameString(sym) + idString(sym)
-
-    def fullNameString(sym: Symbol): String =
-      if (sym.isRoot || sym == NoSymbol || sym.owner.isEffectiveRoot)
-        nameString(sym)
-      else
-        fullNameString(sym.effectiveOwner.enclosingClass) + "." + nameString(sym)
-
-    protected def objectPrefix = "object "
-    protected def packagePrefix = "package "
-
-    protected def trimPrefix(text: Text) =
-      text.stripPrefix(objectPrefix).stripPrefix(packagePrefix)
-
-    /** The string representation of this type used as a prefix */
-    protected def toTextPrefix(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
-      tp match {
-        case tp @ TermRef(pre, name) =>
-          toTextPrefix(pre) ~ nameString(tp.symbol) ~ "."
-        case ThisType(cls) =>
-          nameString(cls) + ".this."
-        case SuperType(thistpe, _) =>
-          toTextPrefix(thistpe).map(_.replaceAll("""\bthis\.$""", "super."))
-        case tp @ ConstantType(value) =>
-          toTextLocal(tp.underlying) ~ "(" ~ toText(value) ~ ")."
-        case MethodParam(mt, idx) =>
-          nameString(mt.paramNames(idx)) + "."
-        case RefinedThis(_) =>
-          "this."
-        case NoPrefix =>
-          ""
-        case _ =>
-          trimPrefix(toTextLocal(tp)) ~ "#"
-      }
-    }
-
-    protected def isOmittablePrefix(sym: Symbol) =
-      (defn.UnqualifiedOwners contains sym) || isEmptyPrefix(sym)
-
-    protected def isEmptyPrefix(sym: Symbol) =
-      sym.isEffectiveRoot || sym.isAnonymousClass || sym.name.isReplWrapperName
-
-    /** String representation of a definition's type following its name */
-    protected def toTextRHS(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
-      tp match {
-        case TypeBounds(lo, hi) =>
-          if (lo eq hi)
-            " = " ~ lo.toText
-          else
-            (if (lo == defn.NothingType) Text() else " >: " ~ lo.toText) ~
-              (if (hi == defn.AnyType) Text() else " <: " ~ hi.toText)
-        case ClassInfo(pre, cls, cparents, decls, optSelfType) =>
-          val preText = toTextLocal(pre)
-          val (tparams, otherDecls) = decls.toList partition treatAsTypeParam
-          val tparamsText =
-            if (tparams.isEmpty) Text() else ("[" ~ dclsText(tparams) ~ "]").close
-          val selfText =
-            if (optSelfType.exists)
-              "this: " ~ toText(optSelfType, LeftArrowPrec) ~ " =>"
-            else Text()
-          val parentsText = Text(cparents.map(p =>
-            toText(reconstituteParent(cls, p), WithPrec)), " with ")
-          val trueDecls = otherDecls.filterNot(treatAsTypeArg)
-          val declsText = if (trueDecls.isEmpty) Text() else dclsText(trueDecls)
-          tparamsText ~ " extends " ~ parentsText ~ "{" ~ selfText ~ declsText ~
-            "} at " ~ preText
-        case _ =>
-          ": " ~ toTextGlobal(tp)
-      }
-    }
-
-    protected def treatAsTypeParam(sym: Symbol): Boolean = false
-    protected def treatAsTypeArg(sym: Symbol): Boolean = false
-    protected def reconstituteParent(cls: ClassSymbol, parent: Type): Type = parent
-
-    /** String representation of symbol's kind. */
-    def kindString(sym: Symbol): String = {
-      val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
-      if (flags is PackageClass) "package class"
-      else if (flags is PackageVal) "package"
-      else if (sym.isPackageObject)
-        if (sym.isClass) "package object class"
-        else "package object"
-      else if (sym.isAnonymousClass) "anonymous class"
-      else if (flags is ModuleClass) "module class"
-      else if (flags is ModuleVal) "module"
-      else if (flags is ImplClass) "implementation class"
-      else if (flags is Trait) "trait"
-      else if (sym.isClass) "class"
-      else if (sym.isType) "type"
-      else if (sym.isGetter) "getter"
-      else if (sym.isSetter) "setter"
-      else if (flags is Lazy) "lazy value"
-      else if (flags is Mutable) "variable"
-      else if (sym.isClassConstructor && sym.isPrimaryConstructor) "primary constructor"
-      else if (sym.isClassConstructor) "constructor"
-      else if (sym.isSourceMethod) "method"
-      else if (sym.isTerm) "value"
-      else ""
-    }
-
-    /** String representation of symbol's definition key word */
-    protected def keyString(sym: Symbol): String = {
-      val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
-      if (flags is JavaInterface) "interface"
-      else if ((flags is Trait) && !(flags is ImplClass)) "trait"
-      else if (sym.isClass) "class"
-      else if (sym.isType) "type"
-      else if (flags is Mutable) "var"
-      else if (flags is Package) "package"
-      else if (flags is Module) "object"
-      else if (sym.isSourceMethod) "def"
-      else if (sym.isTerm && (!(flags is Param))) "val"
-      else ""
-    }
-
-    /** String representation of symbol's flags */
-    protected def toTextFlags(sym: Symbol): Text =
-      Text(sym.flags.flagStrings map stringToText, " ")
-
-    /** String representation of symbol's variance or "" if not applicable */
-    protected def varianceString(sym: Symbol): String = sym.variance match {
-      case -1 => "-"
-      case 1 => "+"
-      case _ => ""
-    }
-
-    def dclText(sym: Symbol): Text =
-      (toTextFlags(sym) ~~ keyString(sym) ~~
-        (varianceString(sym) ~ nameString(sym)) ~ toTextRHS(sym.info)).close
-
-    def toText(sym: Symbol): Text =
-      (kindString(sym) ~~ {
-        if (hasMeaninglessName(sym)) simpleNameString(sym.owner) + idString(sym)
-        else nameString(sym)
-      }).close
-
-    def locationText(sym: Symbol): Text = {
-      val owns = sym.effectiveOwner
-      if (owns.isClass && !isEmptyPrefix(owns)) " in " ~ toText(owns) else Text()
-    }
-
-    def locatedText(sym: Symbol): Text =
-      (toText(sym) ~ locationText(sym)).close
-
-    def toText(denot: Denotation): Text = toText(denot.symbol) ~ "/D"
-
-    @switch private def escapedChar(ch: Char): String = ch match {
-      case '\b' => "\\b"
-      case '\t' => "\\t"
-      case '\n' => "\\n"
-      case '\f' => "\\f"
-      case '\r' => "\\r"
-      case '"' => "\\\""
-      case '\'' => "\\\'"
-      case '\\' => "\\\\"
-      case _ => if (ch.isControl) "\\0" + toOctalString(ch) else String.valueOf(ch)
-    }
-
-    def toText(const: Constant): Text = const.tag match {
-        case StringTag => "\"" + (const.value.toString flatMap escapedChar) + "\""
-        case ClazzTag  => "classOf[" ~ const.tpe.toText ~ "]"
-        case CharTag   => s"'${escapedChar(const.charValue)}'"
-        case LongTag   => const.longValue.toString + "L"
-        case EnumTag   => const.symbolValue.name.toString
-        case _         => String.valueOf(const.value)
-    }
-
-    def toText(annot: Annotation): Text = s"@${annot.symbol.name}" // for now
-
-    def dclsText(syms: List[Symbol], sep: String): Text =
-      if (sep == "\n") Text.lines(syms map dclText)
-      else Text(syms map dclText, sep)
-
-    def toText(sc: Scope): Text =
-      ("Scope{" ~ dclsText(sc.toList) ~ "}").close
-
-    def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text = {
-      tree match {
-        case node: Positioned =>
-          def toTextElem(elem: Any): Text = elem match {
-            case elem: Showable => elem.toText
-            case elem: List[_] => "List(" ~ Text(elem map toTextElem, ",") ~ ")"
-            case elem => elem.toString
-          }
-          val nodeName = node.productPrefix
-          val elems =
-            Text(node.productIterator.map(toTextElem).toList, ", ")
-          val tpSuffix =
-            if (ctx.settings.printtypes.value && tree.hasType)
-              " | " ~ tree.tpe.asInstanceOf[Type].toText
-            else
-              Text()
-
-          nodeName ~ "(" ~ elems ~ tpSuffix ~ ")" ~ node.pos.toString
-        case _ =>
-          tree.toString: Text
-      }
-    }.close // todo: override in refined printer
-  }
-
-  class RefinedPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends PlainPrinter(_ctx) {
-    override protected def recursionLimitExceeeded() = {}
-
-    override def nameString(name: Name): String = name.toString
-
-    override protected def simpleNameString(sym: Symbol): String = {
-      var name = sym.originalName
-      if (sym is ModuleClass) name = name.stripModuleClassSuffix
-      name.decode.toString
-    }
-
-    override def toTextPrefix(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
-      tp match {
-        case ThisType(cls) =>
-          if (cls.isAnonymousClass) return "this."
-          if (isOmittablePrefix(cls)) return ""
-          if (cls is ModuleClass) return fullNameString(cls) + "."
-        case tp @ TermRef(pre, name) =>
-          val sym = tp.symbol
-          if (sym.isPackageObject) return toTextPrefix(pre)
-          if (isOmittablePrefix(sym)) return ""
-        case _ =>
-      }
-      super.toTextPrefix(tp)
-    }
-
-    override protected def refinementNameString(tp: RefinedType): String = {
-      val tsym = tp.member(tp.refinedName).symbol
-      val name = tsym.originalName
-      nameString(if (tsym is ExpandedTypeParam) name.asTypeName.unexpandedName() else name)
-    }
-
-    override def toText(tp: Type, prec: Precedence): Text = controlled {
-      def toTextFunction(args: List[Type]): Text =
-        (prec parenthesize GlobalPrec) {
-          val argStr: Text =
-            if (args.length == 2 &&
-              !(defn.TupleClasses contains args.head.typeSymbol)) toText(args.head, LeftArrowPrec)
-            else
-              "(" ~ Text(args.init.map(toTextGlobal(_)), ", ") ~ ")"
-          argStr ~ " => " ~ toTextGlobal(args.last)
-        }
-      def toTextTuple(args: List[Type]): Text =
-        "(" ~ Text(args.map(toTextGlobal(_)), ", ") ~ ")"
-      tp match {
-        case tp: RefinedType =>
-          val args = tp.typeArgs
-          if (args.nonEmpty) {
-            val tycon = tp.unrefine
-            val cls = tycon.typeSymbol
-            if (cls.typeParams.length == args.length) {
-              if (cls == defn.RepeatedParamClass) return toTextLocal(args.head) ~ "*"
-              if (cls == defn.ByNameParamClass) return "=> " ~ toTextGlobal(args.head)
-              if (defn.FunctionClasses contains cls) return toTextFunction(args)
-              if (defn.TupleClasses contains cls) return toTextTuple(args)
-            }
-            return (toTextLocal(tycon) ~ "[" ~
-              Text(args.map(toTextGlobal(_)), ", ") ~ "]").close
-          }
-        case tp @ TypeRef(pre, name) =>
-          if (tp.symbol is TypeParam) return nameString(tp.symbol)
-        case _ =>
-      }
-      super.toText(tp, prec)
-    }
-
-    override def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text = toText(tree, GlobalPrec)
-
-    def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T], prec: Precedence): Text = ???
-
-    override protected def polyParamName(name: TypeName): TypeName =
-      name.unexpandedName()
-
-    override protected def treatAsTypeParam(sym: Symbol): Boolean = sym is TypeParam
-
-    override protected def treatAsTypeArg(sym: Symbol) =
-      sym.isType && (sym is ProtectedLocal) &&
-        (sym.allOverriddenSymbols exists (_ is TypeParam))
-
-    override protected def reconstituteParent(cls: ClassSymbol, parent: Type): Type =
-      (parent /: parent.classSymbol.typeParams) { (parent, tparam) =>
-        val targSym = cls.decls.lookup(tparam.name)
-        if (targSym.exists) RefinedType(parent, targSym.name, targSym.info)
-        else parent
-      }
-
-    override def kindString(sym: Symbol) = {
-      val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
-      if (flags is Package) "package"
-      else if (sym.isPackageObject) "package object"
-      else if (flags is Module) "object"
-      else if (flags is ImplClass) "class"
-      else if (sym.isClassConstructor) "constructor"
-      else super.kindString(sym)
-    }
-
-    override protected def keyString(sym: Symbol): String = {
-      val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
-      if (sym.isType && (flags is ExpandedTypeParam)) ""
-      else super.keyString(sym)
-    }
-
-    override def toTextFlags(sym: Symbol) = {
-      var flags = sym.flags
-      if (flags is TypeParam) flags = flags &~ Protected
-      Text(flags.flagStrings.filterNot(_.startsWith("<")) map stringToText, " ")
-    }
-
-    override def toText(denot: Denotation): Text = toText(denot.symbol)
-  }
-
-  final val maxToTextRecursions = 100
-
-}
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88cc33c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/RefinedPrinter.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+package printing
+
+import core._
+import Texts._, Trees._, Types._, Flags._, Names._, Symbols._, NameOps._, Constants._
+import Contexts.Context, Scopes.Scope, Denotations.Denotation, Annotations.Annotation
+import StdNames.nme
+import UntypedTrees.untpd
+import scala.annotation.switch
+
+class RefinedPrinter(_ctx: Context) extends PlainPrinter(_ctx) {
+  override protected def recursionLimitExceeeded() = {}
+
+  /** The closest enclosing DefDef, TypeDef, or ClassDef node */
+  private var currentOwner: Tree[_ >: Untyped] = EmptyTree()
+
+  def atOwner(owner: Tree[_ >: Untyped])(op: => Text): Text = {
+    val saved = owner
+    currentOwner = owner
+    try op
+    finally { currentOwner = saved }
+  }
+
+  override def nameString(name: Name): String = name.toString
+
+  override protected def simpleNameString(sym: Symbol): String = {
+    var name = sym.originalName
+    if (sym is ModuleClass) name = name.stripModuleClassSuffix
+    name.decode.toString
+  }
+
+  override def toTextPrefix(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
+    tp match {
+      case ThisType(cls) =>
+        if (cls.isAnonymousClass) return "this."
+        if (isOmittablePrefix(cls)) return ""
+        if (cls is ModuleClass) return fullNameString(cls) + "."
+      case tp @ TermRef(pre, name) =>
+        val sym = tp.symbol
+        if (sym.isPackageObject) return toTextPrefix(pre)
+        if (isOmittablePrefix(sym)) return ""
+      case _ =>
+    }
+    super.toTextPrefix(tp)
+  }
+
+  override protected def refinementNameString(tp: RefinedType): String = {
+    val tsym = tp.member(tp.refinedName).symbol
+    val name = tsym.originalName
+    nameString(if (tsym is ExpandedTypeParam) name.asTypeName.unexpandedName() else name)
+  }
+
+  override def toText(tp: Type): Text = controlled {
+    def toTextTuple(args: List[Type]): Text =
+      "(" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ ")"
+    def toTextFunction(args: List[Type]): Text =
+      changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+        val argStr: Text =
+          if (args.length == 2 && !(defn.TupleClasses contains args.head.typeSymbol))
+            atPrec(InfixPrec) { toText(args.head) }
+          else
+            toTextTuple(args.init)
+        argStr ~ " => " ~ toText(args.last)
+      }
+    tp match {
+      case tp: RefinedType =>
+        val args = tp.typeArgs
+        if (args.nonEmpty) {
+          val tycon = tp.unrefine
+          val cls = tycon.typeSymbol
+          if (cls.typeParams.length == args.length) {
+            if (cls == defn.RepeatedParamClass) return toTextLocal(args.head) ~ "*"
+            if (cls == defn.ByNameParamClass) return "=> " ~ toText(args.head)
+            if (defn.FunctionClasses contains cls) return toTextFunction(args)
+            if (defn.TupleClasses contains cls) return toTextTuple(args)
+          }
+          return (toTextLocal(tycon) ~ "[" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ "]").close
+        }
+      case tp @ TypeRef(pre, name) =>
+        if (tp.symbol is TypeParam) return nameString(tp.symbol)
+      case _ =>
+    }
+    super.toText(tp)
+  }
+
+  override def toText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text = {
+
+    def optDotPrefix(name: Name) = optText(name)(_ ~ ".")
+
+    def tparamsText(params: List[Tree[T]]): Text =
+      "[" ~ toText(params, ", ") ~ "]" provided params.nonEmpty
+
+    def addVparamssText[T >: Untyped](txt: Text, vparamss: List[List[ValDef[T]]]): Text =
+      (txt /: vparamss)((txt, vparams) => txt ~ "(" ~ toText(vparams, ", ") ~ ")")
+
+    def blockText[T >: Untyped](trees: List[Tree[T]]): Text =
+      "{" ~ toText(trees, "\n") ~ "}"
+
+    def caseBlockText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T]): Text = tree match {
+      case Block(stats, expr) => toText(stats :+ expr, "\n")
+      case expr => toText(expr)
+    }
+
+    def forText(enums: List[Tree[T]], expr: Tree[T], sep: String): Text =
+      changePrec(GlobalPrec) { "for " ~ toText(enums, "; ") ~ sep ~ toText(expr) }
+
+    val txt: Text = tree match {
+      case id: BackquotedIdent[_] =>
+        "`" ~ toText(id.name) ~ "`"
+      case Ident(name) =>
+        toText(name)
+      case Select(qual, name) =>
+        toTextLocal(qual) ~ "." ~ toText(name)
+      case This(name) =>
+        optDotPrefix(name) ~ "this"
+      case Super(This(name), mix) =>
+        optDotPrefix(name) ~ "super" ~ optText(mix)("[" ~ _ ~ "]")
+      case Apply(fun, args) =>
+        toTextLocal(fun) ~ "(" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ ")"
+      case TypeApply(fun, args) =>
+        toTextLocal(fun) ~ "[" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ "]"
+      case Literal(c) =>
+        toText(c)
+      case New(tpt) =>
+        "new " ~ toTextLocal(tpt)
+      case Pair(l, r) =>
+        "(" ~ toTextGlobal(l) ~ ", " ~ toTextGlobal(r) ~ ")"
+      case Typed(l, tpt) =>
+        changePrec(InfixPrec) { toText(l) ~ ": " ~ toText(tpt) }
+      case NamedArg(name, arg) =>
+        toText(name) ~ " = " ~ toText(arg)
+      case Assign(lhs, rhs) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) { toTextLocal(lhs) ~ " = " ~ toText(rhs) }
+      case Block(stats, expr) =>
+        blockText(stats :+ expr)
+      case If(cond, thenp, elsep) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          "if " ~ toText(cond) ~ (" then" provided !cond.isInstanceOf[untpd.Parens]) ~~ toText(thenp) ~ optText(elsep)(" else " ~ _)
+        }
+      case Match(sel, cases) =>
+        if (sel.isEmpty) blockText(cases)
+        else changePrec(GlobalPrec) { toText(sel) ~ " match " ~ blockText(cases) }
+      case CaseDef(pat, guard, body) =>
+        "case " ~ toText(pat) ~ optText(guard)("if " ~ _) ~ " => " ~ caseBlockText(body)
+      case Return(expr, from) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) { "return " ~ toText(expr) }
+      case Try(expr, handler, finalizer) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          "try " ~ toText(expr) ~ optText(handler)(" catch " ~ _) ~ optText(finalizer)(" finally " ~ _)
+        }
+      case Throw(expr) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          "throw " ~ toText(expr)
+        }
+      case SeqLiteral(elempt, elems) =>
+        "[" ~ toTextGlobal(elems, ",") ~ "]"
+      case TypeTree(orig) =>
+        if (tree.hasType) toText(tree.typeOpt) else toText(orig)
+      case SingletonTypeTree(ref) =>
+        toTextLocal(ref) ~ ".type"
+      case SelectFromTypeTree(qual, name) =>
+        toTextLocal(qual) ~ "#" ~ toText(name)
+      case AndTypeTree(l, r) =>
+        changePrec(AndPrec) { toText(l) ~ " & " ~ toText(r) }
+      case OrTypeTree(l, r) =>
+        changePrec(OrPrec) { toText(l) ~ " | " ~ toText(r) }
+      case RefinedTypeTree(tpt, refines) =>
+        toTextLocal(tpt) ~ " " ~ blockText(refines)
+      case AppliedTypeTree(tpt, args) =>
+        toTextLocal(tpt) ~ "(" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ ")"
+      case TypeBoundsTree(lo, hi) =>
+        optText(lo)(" >: " ~ _) ~ optText(hi)(" <: " ~ _)
+      case Bind(name, body) =>
+        changePrec(InfixPrec) { toText(name) ~ " @ " ~ toText(body) }
+      case Alternative(trees) =>
+        changePrec(OrPrec) { toText(trees, " | ") }
+      case UnApply(fun, args) =>
+        toTextLocal(fun) ~ "(" ~ toTextGlobal(args, ", ") ~ ")"
+      case ValDef(mods, name, tpt, rhs) =>
+        toText(mods, if (mods is Mutable) "var" else "val") ~~ toText(name) ~
+          optText(tpt)(": " ~ _) ~ optText(rhs)(" = " ~ _)
+      case DefDef(mods, name, tparams, vparamss, tpt, rhs) =>
+        atOwner(tree) {
+          val first = toText(mods, "def") ~~ toText(name) ~ tparamsText(tparams)
+          addVparamssText(first, vparamss) ~ optText(tpt)(": " ~ _) ~ optText(rhs)(" = " ~ _)
+        }
+      case TypeDef(mods, name, tparams, rhs) =>
+        atOwner(tree) {
+          val rhsText = rhs match {
+            case TypeBoundsTree(_, _) => toText(rhs)
+            case _ => optText(rhs)(" = " ~ _)
+          }
+          toText(mods, "type") ~~ toText(name) ~ tparamsText(tparams) ~ rhsText
+        }
+      case Template(DefDef(mods, _, _, vparamss, _, _), parents, self, stats) =>
+        val prefix: Text =
+          if (vparamss.isEmpty) ""
+          else {
+            var modsText = toText(mods, "")
+            if (mods.hasAnnotations && !mods.hasFlags) modsText = modsText ~~ " this"
+            addVparamssText(modsText, vparamss) ~ " extends"
+          }
+        val parentsText = toTextLocal(parents, "with")
+        val selfText = optText(self)(" " ~ _ ~ " => ")
+        val bodyText: Text = stats match {
+          case Nil =>
+            assert(self.isEmpty)
+            ""
+          case EmptyTree() :: Nil =>
+            "{" ~ selfText ~ "}"
+          case stats =>
+            "{" ~ selfText ~ toTextGlobal(stats, "\n") ~ "}"
+        }
+        prefix ~~ parentsText ~~ bodyText
+      case ClassDef(mods, name, tparams, impl) =>
+        atOwner(tree) {
+          toText(mods, if (mods is Trait) "trait" else "class") ~~
+            toText(name) ~ tparamsText(tparams) ~ toText(impl)
+        }
+      case Import(expr, selectors) =>
+        def selectorText(sel: UntypedTree): Text = sel match {
+          case Pair(l, r) => toTextGlobal(l) ~ " => " ~ toTextGlobal(r)
+          case _ => toTextGlobal(sel)
+        }
+        val selectorsText: Text = selectors match {
+          case Ident(name) :: Nil => toText(name)
+          case _ => "{" ~ Text(selectors map selectorText, ", ") ~ "}"
+        }
+        "import " ~ toTextLocal(expr) ~ "." ~ selectorsText
+      case PackageDef(pid, stats) =>
+        val statsText = stats match {
+          case (pdef: PackageDef[_]) :: Nil => toText(pdef)
+          case _ => toTextGlobal(stats, "\n")
+        }
+        val bodyText =
+          if (currentPrecedence == TopLevelPrec) "\n" ~ statsText else " {" ~ statsText ~ "}"
+        "package " ~ toTextLocal(pid) ~ bodyText
+      case Annotated(annot, arg) =>
+        toTextLocal(arg) ~ " @" ~ toTextLocal(annot)
+      case EmptyTree() =>
+        "<empty>"
+      case SharedTree(shared) =>
+        toText(shared)
+      case untpd.TypedSplice(t) =>
+        toText(t)
+      case untpd.ModuleDef(mods, name, impl) =>
+        toText(mods, "object") ~~ toText(name) ~ " extends " ~ toText(impl)
+      case untpd.SymbolLit(str) =>
+        "'" + str
+      case untpd.InterpolatedString(id, strings, elems) =>
+        def interleave(strs: List[Text], elems: List[Text]): Text = ((strs, elems): @unchecked) match {
+          case (Nil, Nil) => ""
+          case (str :: Nil, Nil) => str
+          case (str :: strs1, elem :: elems1) => str ~ elem ~ interleave(strs1, elems1)
+        }
+        val strTexts = strings map (str => Str(escapedString(str.const.stringValue)))
+        val elemsTexts = elems map (elem => "{" ~ toTextGlobal(elem) ~ "}")
+        toText(id) ~ "\"" ~ interleave(strTexts, elemsTexts) ~ "\""
+      case untpd.Function(args, body) =>
+        var implicitSeen: Boolean = false
+        def argToText(arg: untpd.Tree) = arg match {
+          case ValDef(mods, name, tpt, _) =>
+            val implicitText =
+              if ((mods is Implicit) && !implicitSeen) { implicitSeen = true; "implicit " }
+              else ""
+            implicitText ~ toText(name) ~ optText(tpt)(": " ~ _)
+          case _ =>
+            toText(arg)
+        }
+        val argsText = args match {
+          case (arg @ ValDef(_, _, tpt, _)) :: Nil if tpt.isEmpty => argToText(arg)
+          case _ => "(" ~ Text(args map argToText, ", ") ~ ")"
+        }
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) {
+          argsText ~ " => " ~ toText(body)
+        }
+      case untpd.InfixOp(l, op, r) =>
+        val opPrec = parsing.precedence(op)
+        changePrec(opPrec) { toText(l) ~ " " ~ toText(op) ~ " " ~ toText(r) }
+      case untpd.PostfixOp(l, op) =>
+        changePrec(InfixPrec) { toText(l) ~ " " ~ toText(op) }
+      case untpd.PrefixOp(op, r) =>
+        changePrec(DotPrec) { toText(op) ~ " " ~ toText(r) }
+      case untpd.Parens(t) =>
+        "(" ~ toTextGlobal(t) ~ ")"
+      case untpd.Tuple(ts) =>
+        "(" ~ toTextGlobal(ts, ", ") ~ ")"
+      case untpd.WhileDo(cond, body) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) { "while " ~ toText(cond) ~ " do " ~ toText(body) }
+      case untpd.DoWhile(cond, body) =>
+        changePrec(GlobalPrec) { "do " ~ toText(body) ~ " while " ~ toText(cond) }
+      case untpd.ForYield(enums, expr) =>
+        forText(enums, expr, " yield ")
+      case untpd.ForDo(enums, expr) =>
+        forText(enums, expr, " do ")
+      case untpd.GenFrom(pat, expr) =>
+        toText(pat) ~ " <- " ~ toText(expr)
+      case untpd.GenAlias(pat, expr) =>
+        toText(pat) ~ " = " ~ toText(expr)
+      case untpd.ContextBounds(bounds, cxBounds) =>
+        (toText(bounds) /: cxBounds) {(t, cxb) =>
+          t ~ " : " ~ toText(cxb)
+        }
+      case untpd.PatDef(mods, pats, tpt, rhs) =>
+        toText(mods, "val") ~~ toText(pats, ", ") ~ optText(tpt)(": " ~ _) ~
+          optText(rhs)(" = " ~ _)
+      case _ =>
+        tree.fallbackToText(this)
+    }
+    tree match {
+      case Block(_, _) | Template(_, _, _, _) => txt
+      case _ => txt.close
+    }
+  }
+
+  def optText(name: Name)(encl: Text => Text): Text =
+    if (name.isEmpty) "" else encl(toText(name))
+
+  def optText[T >: Untyped](tree: Tree[T])(encl: Text => Text): Text =
+    if (tree.isEmpty) "" else encl(toText(tree))
+
+  def toText[T >: Untyped](mods: Modifiers[T], kw: String): Text = {
+    def annotText(annot: Tree[T]) = "@" ~ toTextLocal(annot)
+    def suppressKw = currentOwner match {
+      case _: ClassDef[_] => mods is ParamAndLocal
+      case _ => mods is Param
+    }
+    val flagMask = if (suppressKw) ModifierFlags &~ Private else ModifierFlags
+    val modsText: Text = (mods.flags & flagMask).toString
+    Text(mods.annotations.map(annotText), " ") ~~ modsText ~~ (kw provided !suppressKw)
+  }
+
+  override protected def polyParamName(name: TypeName): TypeName =
+    name.unexpandedName()
+
+  override protected def treatAsTypeParam(sym: Symbol): Boolean = sym is TypeParam
+
+  override protected def treatAsTypeArg(sym: Symbol) =
+    sym.isType && (sym is ProtectedLocal) &&
+      (sym.allOverriddenSymbols exists (_ is TypeParam))
+
+  override protected def reconstituteParent(cls: ClassSymbol, parent: Type): Type =
+    (parent /: parent.classSymbol.typeParams) { (parent, tparam) =>
+      val targSym = cls.decls.lookup(tparam.name)
+      if (targSym.exists) RefinedType(parent, targSym.name, targSym.info)
+      else parent
+    }
+
+  override def kindString(sym: Symbol) = {
+    val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
+    if (flags is Package) "package"
+    else if (sym.isPackageObject) "package object"
+    else if (flags is Module) "object"
+    else if (flags is ImplClass) "class"
+    else if (sym.isClassConstructor) "constructor"
+    else super.kindString(sym)
+  }
+
+  override protected def keyString(sym: Symbol): String = {
+    val flags = sym.flagsUNSAFE
+    if (sym.isType && (flags is ExpandedTypeParam)) ""
+    else super.keyString(sym)
+  }
+
+  override def toTextFlags(sym: Symbol) = {
+    var flags = sym.flags
+    if (flags is TypeParam) flags = flags &~ Protected
+    Text(flags.flagStrings.filterNot(_.startsWith("<")) map stringToText, " ")
+  }
+
+  override def toText(denot: Denotation): Text = toText(denot.symbol)
+}
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
index 73d320019..cb65193e6 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Showable.scala
@@ -5,10 +5,19 @@ import core._
 
 import Contexts._, Texts._, Decorators._
 
-trait Showable {
+trait Showable extends Any {
 
-  def toText(implicit ctx: Context): Text
+  /** The text representation of this showable element.
+   *  This normally dispatches to a pattern matching
+   *  method in Printers.
+   */
+  def toText(printer: Printer): Text
 
-  def show(implicit ctx: Context): String = toText.show
+  /** A fallback text representation, if the pattern matching
+   *  in Printers does not have a case for this showable element
+   */
+  def fallbackToText(printer: Printer): Text = toString
 
+  /** The string representation of this showable element. */
+  def show(implicit ctx: Context): String = toText(ctx.printer).show
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Texts.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Texts.scala
index 2ff4edc9a..8c214f5f0 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Texts.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/Texts.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package dotty.tools.dotc
 package printing
+import core.Contexts.Context
 
 object Texts {
 
@@ -128,15 +129,28 @@ object Texts {
     def over (that: Text) =
       if (this.isVertical) Vertical(that :: this.relems)
       else Vertical(that :: this :: Nil)
+
+    def provided(pred: => Boolean) = if (pred) this else Str("")
   }
 
   object Text {
+
+    /** The empty text */
     def apply(): Text = Str("")
+
+    /** A concatenation of elements in `xs` and interspersed with
+     *  separator strings `sep`.
+     */
     def apply(xs: Traversable[Text], sep: String = " "): Text = {
-      val ys = xs filterNot (_.isEmpty)
-      if (ys.isEmpty) Str("")
-      else ys reduce (_ ~ sep ~ _)
+      if (sep == "\n") lines(xs)
+      else {
+        val ys = xs filterNot (_.isEmpty)
+        if (ys.isEmpty) Str("")
+        else ys reduce (_ ~ sep ~ _)
+      }
     }
+
+    /** The given texts `xs`, each on a separate line */
     def lines(xs: Traversable[Text]) = Vertical(xs.toList.reverse)
   }
 
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/package.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/package.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..814eb2ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/printing/package.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package dotty.tools.dotc
+
+import core.StdNames.nme
+import parsing.{precedence, minPrec, maxPrec, minInfixPrec}
+
+package object printing {
+
+  type Precedence = Int
+
+  val DotPrec       = parsing.maxPrec
+  val AndPrec       = parsing.precedence(nme.raw.AMP)
+  val OrPrec        = parsing.precedence(nme.raw.BAR)
+  val InfixPrec     = parsing.minInfixPrec
+  val GlobalPrec    = parsing.minPrec
+  val TopLevelPrec  = parsing.minPrec - 1
+
+}