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<title>NuttX</title>
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<h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NuttShell (NSH)</i></font></big></h1>
<p>Last Updated: September 3, 2008</p>
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
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<center><table width ="80%">
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<td>
<table>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#overview">1.0 Overview</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#frontend">1.1 Console/NSH Front End</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdoverview">1.2 Command Overview</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#conditional">1.3 Conditional Command Execution</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#builtinvars">1.4 Built-In Variables</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#currentwd">1.5 Current Working Directory</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#environvars">1.6 Environment Variables</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#commands">2.0 Commands</a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdtest">2.1 Evaluate Expression (test)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdcat">2.2 Concatenate Files (cat)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdcd">2.3 Change Current Working Directory (cd)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdcp">2.4 Copy Files (cp)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdecho">2.5 Echo Strings and Variables (echo)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdexec">2.6 Execute User Code (exec)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdexit">2.7 Exit NSH (exit)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdhelp">2.8 Show Usage Command Usage (help)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdifconfig">2.9 Show Network Configuration (ifconfig)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdls">2.10 List Directory Contents (ls)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmbhw">2.11 Access Memory (mb, mh, and mw)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmem">2.12 Show Memory Manager Status (mem)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdps">2.13 Show Current Tasks and Threads (ps)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmkdir">2.14 Create a Directory (mkdir)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmkfatfs">2.15 Create a FAT Filesystem (mkfatfs)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmkfifo">2.16 Create a FIFO (mkfifo)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdmount">2.17 Mount a File System (mount)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdping">2.18 Check Network Peer (ping)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdpwd">2.19 Show Current Working Directory (pwd)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdrm">2.20 Remove a File (rm)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdrmdir">2.21 Remove a Directory (rmdir)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdset">2.22 Set an Environment Variable (set)</a>
</td>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdsh">2.23 Execute an NSH Script (sh)</a>
</td>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdsleep">2.24 Wait for Seconds (sleep)</a>
</td>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdunmount">2.25 Unmount a File System (umount)</a>
</td>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdunset">2.26 Unset an Environment Variable (unset)</a>
</td>
</tr>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmdusleep">2.27 Wait for Microseconds (usleep)</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#configuration">3.0 Configuration Settings</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#cmddependencies">3.1 Command Dependencies on Configuration Settings</a>
</td>
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<td><br></td>
<td>
<a href="#nshconfiguration">3.2 NSH-Specific Configuration Settings</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#index">Index</a>
</td>
</table>
</td>
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</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="overview"><h1>1.0 Overview</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
The <code>examples/nsh</code> sub-directory contains the NuttShell (NSH).
NSH is a simple shell application for NuttX.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="frontend"><h2>1.1 Console/NSH Front End</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Using settings in the configuration file, NSH may be configured to
use either the serial stdin/out or a telnet connection as the console
or BOTH. When NSH is started, you will see the following welcome on
either console:
<ul><pre>
NuttShell (NSH)
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<code>nsh></code> is the NSH prompt and indicates that you may enter a command
from the console.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdoverview"><h2>1.2 Command Overview</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<b>Simple, Re-directed, and Background Commands</b>.
The NuttShell (NSH) is a simple shell application.
NSH supports the following commands forms:
</p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td>Simple command:</td>
<td><code><cmd></code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Command with re-directed output:</td>
<td><code>
<cmd> > <file><br>
<cmd> >> <file>
</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Background command:</td>
<td><code><cmd> &</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Re-directed background command:</td>
<td><code>
<cmd> > <file> &<br>
<cmd> >> <file> &
</code></td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<p>Where:</p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><code><cmd></code></td>
<td>
is any one of the simple commands listed later.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><file></code></td>
<td>
is the full or relative path to any writable object
in the filesystem name space (file or character driver).
Such objects will be referred to simply as files throughout
this document.
</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<p>
<b><big><code>nice</code></big>'d Background Commands</b>
NSH executes at the mid-priority (128). Backgrounded commands can
be made to execute at higher or lower priorities using <code>nice</code>:
</p>
<ul><code>
[nice [-d <niceness>>]] <cmd> [> <file>|>> <file>] [&]
</code></ul>
<p>
Where <code><niceness></code> is any value between -20 and 19 where lower
(more negative values) correspond to higher priorities.
The default niceness is 10.
</p>
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<td>
<a name="conditional"><h2>1.3 Conditional Command Execution</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
An <code>if-then[-else]-fi</code> construct is also supported in order to
support conditional execution of commands. This works from the
command line but is primarily intended for use within NSH scripts
(see the <a href="#cmdsh"><code>sh</code></a> commnd). The syntax is as follows:
</p>
<ul><pre>
if <cmd>
then
[sequence of <cmd>]
else
[sequence of <cmd>]
fi
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="builtinvars"><h2>1.4 Built-In Variables</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>$?</code></b></td>
<td>
The result of the last simple command execution.
On backgrounded commands, this variable holds only the result of spawning the background command.
</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
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<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="currentwd"><h2>1.5 Current Working Directory</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<b><code>cd</code> and <code>pwd</code></b>.
All path arguments to commands may be either an absolute path or a
path relative to the current working directory. The current working
directory is set using the <a href="#cmdcd"><code>cd</code></a> command and can be queried either
by using the <a href="#cmdpwd"><code>pwd</code></a> command or by
using the <a href="#cmdecho"><code>echo</code></a> <a href="#environvars"><code>$PWD</code></a>
command.
</p>
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<td>
<a name="environvars"><h2>1.6 Environment Variables</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<b>Environment Variables:</b>
</p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><b><code>PWD</code></b></td><td>The current working directory</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>OLDPWD</code></b></td><td>The previous working directory</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="commands"><h1>2.0 Commands</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdtest"><h2>2.1 Evaluate Expression (test)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
[ <expression> ]
test <expression>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
These are two alternative forms of the same command. They support
evaluation of a boolean expression which sets <a href="#builtinvars"><code>$?</code></a>.
This command is used most frequently as the conditional command following the
<code>if</code> in the <a href="#conditional"><code>if-then[-else]-fi</code></a> construct.
</p>
<p><b>Expression Syntax:</b></p>
<ul>
<p>
expression = simple-expression | !expression | expression -o expression | expression -a expression
</p>
<p>
simple-expression = unary-expression | binary-expression
</p>
<p>
unary-expression = string-unary | file-unary
</p>
<p>
string-unary = -n string | -z string
</p>
<p>
file-unary = -b file | -c file | -d file | -e file | -f file | -r file | -s file | -w file
</p>
<p>
binary-expression = string-binary | numeric-binary
</p>
<p>
string-binary = string = string | string == string | string != string
</p>
<p>
numeric-binary = integer -eq integer | integer -ge integer | integer -gt integer | integer -le integer |
integer -lt integer | integer -ne integer
</p>
</ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdcat"><h2>2.2 Concatenate Files (cat)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
cat <code><path></code> [<code><path></code> [<code><path></code> ...]]
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
This command copies and concatentates all of the files at <code><path></code>
to the console (or to another file if the output is redirected).
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdcd"><h2>2.3 Change Current Working Directory (cd)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
cd [<dir-path>|-|~|..]
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Changes the current working directory (<code>PWD</code>). Also sets the
previous working directory environment variable (<code>OLDPWD</code>).
<p>
<p><b>Forms:</b></p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cd <dir-path></code></b></td>
<td>sets the current working directory to <code><dir-path></code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cd -</code></b></td>
<td>sets the current working directory to the previous
working directory ($<a href="#environvars"><code>OLDPWD</code></a>).
Equivalent to <code><a href="#cmdcd">cd</a> $<a href="#environvars">OLDPWD</a></code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cd</code> or <b><code>cd ~</code></b></td>
<td>set the current working directory to the 'home'
directory. The <i>home</i> directory can be configured by setting
<code>CONFIG_LIB_HOMEDIR</code> in the configuration file. The default
<i>home</i> directory is <code>/</code>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cd ..</code></td>
<td>sets the current working directory to the parent directory.</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdcp"><h2>2.4 Copy Files (cp)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
cp <source-path> <dest-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Copy of the contents of the file at <code><source-path<</code> to the location
in the filesystem indicated by <code><path-path></code>.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdecho"><h2>2.5 Echo Strings and Variables (echo)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
echo [<string|$name> [<string|$name>...]]
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Copy the sequence of strings and expanded environment variables to
console output (or to a file if the output is re-directed).
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdexec"><h2>2.6 Execute User Code (exec)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
exec <hex-address>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Execute the user logic at address <code><hex-address></code>. NSH will pause
until the execution unless the user logic is executed in background
via <code><a href="#cmdexec">exec</a> <hex-address> &</code>.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdexit"><h2>2.7 Exit NSH (exit)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
exit
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Exit NSH. Only useful for the serial front end if you have started some other tasks (perhaps
using the <code><a href="#cmdexec">exec</a></code> command) and you would like to have NSH out of the
way. For the telnet front-end, <code>exit</code> terminates the telenet session.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdhelp"><h2>2.8 Show Usage Command Usage (help)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
help
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Presents summary information about each command to console.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdifconfig"><h2>2.9 Show Network Configuration (ifconfig)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
ifconfig
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Show the current configuration of the network, for example:
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ifconfig
eth0 HWaddr 00:18:11:80:10:06
IPaddr:10.0.0.2 DRaddr:10.0.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.0
</pre></ul>
<p>
if uIP statistics are enabled (<code>CONFIG_NET_STATISTICS</code>), then
this command will also show the detailed state of uIP.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdls"><h2>2.10 List Directory Contents (ls)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
ls [-lRs] <dir-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Show the contents of the directory at <code><dir-path></code>. NOTE:
<code><dir-path></code> must refer to a directory and no other filesystem
object.
</p>
<p><b>Options:</b></p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><b><code>-R</code></b></td>
<td>Show the constents of specified directory and all of its
sub-directories.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>-s</code></b></td>
<td>Show the size of the files along with the filenames in the
listing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>-l</code></b></td>
<td>Show size and mode information along with the filenames
in the listing.</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmbhw"><h2>2.11 Access Memory (mb, mh, and mw)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mb <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]
mh <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]
mw <hex-address>[=<hex-value>][ <hex-byte-count>]
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Access memory using byte size access (mb), 16-bit accesses (mh),
or 32-bit access (mw). In each case,
</p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><code><hex-address></code>.</td>
<td>Specifies the address to be accessed. The current
value at that address will always be read and displayed.
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><hex-address>=<hex-value></code>.</td>
<td>Read the value, then write <code><hex-value></code>
to the location.
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code><hex-byte-count></code>.</td>
<td>Perform the mb, mh, or mw operation on a total
of <code><hex-byte-count></code> bytes, increment the <code><hex-address></code> appropriately
after each access
</tr>
</table></ul>
<p><b>Example:</b><p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> mh 0 16
0 = 0x0c1e
2 = 0x0100
4 = 0x0c1e
6 = 0x0110
8 = 0x0c1e
a = 0x0120
c = 0x0c1e
e = 0x0130
10 = 0x0c1e
12 = 0x0140
14 = 0x0c1e
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmem"><h2>2.12 Show Memory Manager Status (mem)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mem
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Show the current state of the memory allocator. For example,
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> mem
arena: fe2560
ordblks: 1
mxordblk: fdc3e0
uordblks: 6180
fordblks: fdc3e0
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<p><b>Where:</b></p>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><b><code>arena</code></b></td>
<td>This is the total size of memory allocated for use by malloc in bytes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>ordblks</code></b></td>
<td>This is the number of free (not in use) chunks.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mxordblk</code></b></td>
<td>Size of the largest free (not in use) chunk.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>uordblks</code></b></td>
<td>This is the total size of memory occupied by chunks handed out by malloc.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>fordblks</code></b></td>
<td>This is the total size of memory occupied by free (not in use) chunks.</td>
</tr>
</table></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdps"><h2>2.13 Show Current Tasks and Threads (ps)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
ps
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Show the currently active threads and tasks. For example,
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ps
PID PRI SCHD TYPE NP STATE NAME
0 0 FIFO TASK READY Idle Task()
1 128 RR TASK RUNNING init()
2 128 FIFO TASK WAITSEM nsh_telnetmain()
3 100 RR PTHREAD WAITSEM <pthread>(21)
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmkdir"><h2>2.14 Create a Directory (mkdir)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mkdir <path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Create the directory at <code><path></code>.
All components of of <code><path></code> except the final directory name must exist on a mounted file
system; the final directory must not.
</p>
<p>
<b>Limited to Mounted File Systems</b>.
Recall that NuttX uses a <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a> for its root file
system.
The <code>mkdir</code> command can only be used to create directories in volumes set up with the
<a href="#cmdmount"><code>mount</code></a> command; it cannot be used to create directories in the <i>pseudo</i> filesystem.
</p>
<p><b>Example:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> mkdir /mnt/fs/tmp
nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
/mnt/fs:
drw-rw-rw- 0 TESTDIR/
drw-rw-rw- 0 TMP/
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmkfatfs"><h2>2.15 Create a FAT Filesystem (mkfatfs)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mkfatfs <path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Format a fat file system on the block device specified by <code><path></code>.
NSH provides this command to access the <a href="mkfatfs"><code>mkfatfs()</code></a> NuttX API.
This block device must reside in the NuttX <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a> and
must have been created by some call to <code>register_blockdriver()</code> (see <code>include/nuttx/fs.h</code>).
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmkfifo"><h2>2.16 Create a FIFO (mkfifo)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mkfifo <path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Creates a FIFO character device anywhere in the pseudo file system, creating
whatever psuedo directories that may be needed to complete the <code><path></code>.
By convention, however, device drivers are place in the standard <code>/dev</code> directory.
After it is created, the FIFO device may be used as any other device driver.
NSH provides this command to access the <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#mkfifo"><code>mkfifo()</code></a> NuttX API.
</p>
<p><b>Example</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ls -l /dev
/dev:
crw-rw-rw- 0 console
crw-rw-rw- 0 null
brw-rw-rw- 0 ram0
nsh> mkfifo /dev/fifo
nsh> ls -l /dev
ls -l /dev
/dev:
crw-rw-rw- 0 console
crw-rw-rw- 0 fifo
crw-rw-rw- 0 null
brw-rw-rw- 0 ram0
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdmount"><h2>2.17 Mount a File System (mount)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
mount -t <fstype> <block-device> <code><dir-path></code>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
The 'm ount' command mounts a file system in the NuttX psuedo
filesystem. 'mount' performs a three way associating, binding:
</p>
<ol>
<li><b>File system.</b>
The '-t <code><fstype></code>' option identifies the type of
file system that has been formatted on the <code><block-device></code>.
As of this writing, <code>vfat</code> is the only supported value for <code><fstype></code>
</li>
<li><b>Block Device.</b>
The <code><block-device></code> argument is the full or relative
path to a block driver inode in the <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a>.
By convention, this is a name under the <code>/dev</code> sub-directory.
This <code><block-device></code> must have been previously formatted with the same file system
type as specified by <code><fstype></code>
</li>
<li><b>Mount Point.</b>
The mount point, <code><dir-path></code>, is the location in the
<a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a> where the mounted volume will appear.
This mount point can only reside in the NuttX <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a>.
By convention, this mount point is a subdirectory under <code>/mnt</code>.
The mount command will create whatever psuedo directories that may be needed to complete the
full path but the full path must not already exist.
</li>
</ol>
<p>
After the the volume has been mounted in the NuttX
<a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a>,
it may be access in the same way as other objects in thefile system.
</p>
<p><b>Example</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ls -l /dev
/dev:
crw-rw-rw- 0 console
crw-rw-rw- 0 null
brw-rw-rw- 0 ram0
nsh> ls /mnt
nsh: ls: no such directory: /mnt
nsh> mount -t vfat /dev/ram0 /mnt/fs
nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs/testdir
/mnt/fs/testdir:
-rw-rw-rw- 15 TESTFILE.TXT
nsh> echo "This is a test" >/mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs/testdir
/mnt/fs/testdir:
-rw-rw-rw- 15 TESTFILE.TXT
-rw-rw-rw- 16 EXAMPLE.TXT
nsh> cat /mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
This is a test
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdping"><h2>2.18 Check Network Peer (ping)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
ping [-c <count>] [-i <interval>] <ip-address>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Test the network communication with a remote peer. Example,
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 56 bytes of data
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=5 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=6 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=7 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=8 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=9 time=0 ms
56 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=10 time=0 ms
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 10190 ms
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdpwd"><h2>2.19 Show Current Working Directory (pwd)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
pwd
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Show the current working directory.
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> cd /dev
nsh> pwd
/dev
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<p>Same as <code><a href="#cmdecho">echo</a> <a href="#environvars">$PWD</a></code>.</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> echo $PWD
/dev
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdrm"><h2>2.20 Remove a File (rm)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
rm <file-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Remove the specified <code><file-path></code> name from the mounted file system.
Recall that NuttX uses a <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a> for its root file
system.
The <code>rm</code> command can only be used to remove (unlink) files in volumes set up with the
<a href="#cmdmount"><code>mount</code></a> command;
it cannot be used to remove names in the <i>pseudo</i> filesystem.
</p>
<p><b>Example:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ls /mnt/fs/testdir
/mnt/fs/testdir:
TESTFILE.TXT
EXAMPLE.TXT
nsh> rm /mnt/fs/testdir/example.txt
nsh> ls /mnt/fs/testdir
/mnt/fs/testdir:
TESTFILE.TXT
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdrmdir"><h2>2.21 Remove a Directory (rmdir)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
rmdir <dir-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Remove the specified <code><dir-path></code> directory from the mounted file system.
Recall that NuttX uses a <a href="NuttxUserGuide.html#FileSystemOverview"><i>pseudo</i> filesystem</a> for its root file
system.
The <code>rmdir</code> command can only be used to remove directories from volumes set up with the
<a href="#cmdmount"><code>mount</code></a> command;
it cannot be used to remove directories from the <i>pseudo</i> filesystem.
</p>
<p><b>Example:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> mkdir /mnt/fs/tmp
nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
/mnt/fs:
drw-rw-rw- 0 TESTDIR/
drw-rw-rw- 0 TMP/
nsh> rmdir /mnt/fs/tmp
nsh> ls -l /mnt/fs
/mnt/fs:
drw-rw-rw- 0 TESTDIR/
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdset"><h2>2.22 Set an Environment Variable (set)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
set <name> <value>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Set the environment variable <code><name></code> to the string <code><value></code>.
For example,
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> echo $foobar
nsh> set foobar foovalue
nsh> echo $foobar
foovalue
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdsh"><h2>2.23 Execute an NSH Script (sh)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
sh <script-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Execute the sequence of NSH commands in the file referred
to by <code><script-path>.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdsleep"><h2>2.24 Wait for Seconds (sleep)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
sleep <sec>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Pause execution (sleep) for <code><sec></code> seconds.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdunmount"><h2>2.25 Unmount a File System (umount)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
umount <dir-path>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Un-mount the file system at mount point <code><dir-path></code>.
The <code>umount</code> command can only be used to un-mount volumes previously mounted using
<a href="#cmdmount"><code>mount</code></a> command.
</p>
<p><b>Example:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> ls /mnt/fs
/mnt/fs:
TESTDIR/
nsh> umount /mnt/fs
nsh> ls /mnt/fs
/mnt/fs:
nsh: ls: no such directory: /mnt/fs
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdunset"><h2>2.26 Unset an Environment Variable (unset)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
unset <name>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Remove the value associated with the environment variable
<code><name>. Example:
</p>
<ul><pre>
nsh> echo $foobar
foovalue
nsh> unset foobar
nsh> echo $foobar
nsh>
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmdusleep"><h2>2.27 Wait for Microseconds (usleep)</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<a <p><b>Command Syntax:</b></p>
<ul><pre>
usleep <usec>
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Synopsis</b>.
Pause execution (sleep) of <code><usec></code> microseconds.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="configuration"><h1>3.0 Configuration Settings</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
The availability of the above commands depends upon features that
may or may not be enabled in the NuttX configuration file. The
following <a href="#cmddependencies">table</a> indicates the dependency of each command on NuttX
configuration settings. General configuration settings are discussed
in the <a href="NuttxPortingGuide.html">NuttX Porting Guide.</a>
Configuration settings specific to NSH as discussed at the <a href="#nshconfiguration">bottom</a> of this document.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="cmddependencies"><h2>3.1 Command Dependencies on Configuration Settings</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<center><p>Table. Command Dependencies on Configuration Settings</p>
<table width="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<th align="left" width="25%">Command</th>
<th align="left">Depends on Configuration</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>[</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cat</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cd</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>cp</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>echo</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>exec</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>exit</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>help</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>ifconfig</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NET</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>ls</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mb,mh,mw</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mem</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mkdir</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mkfatfs</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0 && <code>CONFIG_FS_FAT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mkfifo</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>mount</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0 && <code>CONFIG_FS_FAT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>ping</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NET</code> && <code>CONFIG_NET_ICMP &&</code> <code>CONFIG_NET_ICMP_PING</code> && !<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_CLOCK</code> && !<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>ps</code></b></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>pwd</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>rm</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>rmdir</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>set</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>sh</code></b></td>
<td><code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS > 0 && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_STREAMS > 0 && !<code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>sleep</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>test</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>umount</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_MOUNTPOINT</code> && <code>CONFIG_NFILE_DESCRIPTORS</code> > 0 && <code>CONFIG_FS_FAT</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>unset</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_ENVIRON</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><b><code>usleep</code></b></td>
<td>!<code>CONFIG_DISABLE_SIGNALS</code></td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="nshconfiguration"><h2>3.2 NSH-Specific Configuration Settings</h2></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
The behavior of NSH can be modified with the following settings in
the <code>configs/<board-name>/defconfig</code> file:
</p>
<center><table width="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<th align="left" width="25%">Configuration</th>
<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_FILEIOSIZE</code></b></td>
<td>
Size of a static I/O buffer used for file access (ignored if
there is no filesystem).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_STRERROR</code></b></td>
<td>
strerror(errno) makes more readable output but strerror() is
very large and will not be used unless this setting is <i>y</i>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_LINELEN</code></b></td>
<td>
The maximum length of one command line and of one output line.
Default: 80
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_STACKSIZE</code></b></td>
<td>
The stack size to use when spawning new threads or tasks. Such
new threads are generated when a command is executed in background
or as new TELNET connections are established.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NESTDEPTH</code></b></td>
<td>
The maximum number of nested <a href="#conditional"><code>if-then[-else]-fi</code></a> sequences that
are permissable. Default: 3
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT</code></b></td>
<td>
This can be set to <i>y</i> to suppress support for scripting. This
setting disables the <a href="#cmdsh"><code>sh</code></a>, <a href="#cmdtest"><code>test</code></a>, and <a href="#cmtest"><code>[</code></a> commands and the
<a href="#conditional"><code>if-then[-else]-fi</code></a> construct. This would only be set on systems
where a minimal footprint is a necessity and scripting is not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLEBG</code></b></td>
<td>
This can be set to <i>y</i> to suppress support for background
commands. This setting disables the <a href="#cmdoverview"><code>nice</code></a> command prefix and
the <a href="#cmdoverview"><code>&</code></a> command suffix. This would only be set on systems
where a minimal footprint is a necessity and background command execution is not.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_CONSOLE</code></b></td>
<td>
If <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_CONSOLE</code>is set to <i>y</i>, then a serial
console front-end is selected.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_TELNET</code></b></td>
<td>
If <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_TELNET</code> is set to <i>y</i>, then a TELENET
server front-end is selected. When this option is provided,
you may log into NuttX remotely using telnet in order to
access NSH.
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p>
One or both of <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_CONSOLE</code> and <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_TELNET</code>
must be defined. If <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_TELNET</code> is selected, then there some
other configuration settings that apply:
</p>
<center><table width="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<th align="left" width="25%">Configuration</th>
<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_IOBUFFER_SIZE</code></b></td>
<td>
Determines the size of the I/O buffer to use for sending/
receiving TELNET commands/reponses
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DHCPC</code></b></td>
<td>
Obtain the the IP address via DHCP.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_IPADDR</code></b></td>
<td>
If <code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DHCPC</code> is NOT set, then the static IP
address must be provided.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DRIPADDR</code></b></td>
<td>
Default router IP address
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NETMASK</code></b></td>
<td>
Network mask
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><b><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NOMAC</code></b></td>
<td>
Set if your ethernet hardware has no built-in MAC address.
If set, a bogus MAC will be assigned.
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="index"><h1>Index</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="100%">
<tr><td width="50%">
<ul>
<li><a href="#builtinvars"><code>$?</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdtest"><code>[</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdoverview">Background commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdoverview">Background command priority</a></li>
<li><a href="#builtinvars">Built-in variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdcat"><code>cat</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdcd"><code>cd</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#commands">Command summaries</a></li>
<li><a href="#conditional">Conditional command execution</a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_CONSOLE</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DHCPC</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLEBG</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DISABLESCRIPT</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_DRIPADDR</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_FILEIOSIZE</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_IOBUFFER_SIZE</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_IPADDR</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_LINELEN</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NESTDEPTH</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NETMASK</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_NOMAC</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_STACKSIZE</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_STRERROR</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration"><code>CONFIG_EXAMPLES_NSH_TELNET</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#configuration">Configuration settings</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmddependencies">Configuration settings, command dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="#nshconfiguration">Configuration settings, NSH-specific</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdcp"><code>cp</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#currentwd">Current working directory</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdecho"><code>echo</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#environvars">Environment Variables</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdexec"><code>exec</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdexit"><code>exit</code></a></li>
</ul></td>
<td></ul>
<li><a href="#frontend">Greeting</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdhelp"><code>help</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#conditional"><code>if-then[-else]-fi</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdifconfig"><code>ifconfig</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdls">ls</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmbhw"><code>mb</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmbhw"><code>mh</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmbhw"><code>mw</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmem"><code>mem</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmkdir"><code>mkdir</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmkfatfs"><code>mkfatfs</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmkfifo"><code>mkfifo</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdmount"><code>mount</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdoverview"><code>nice</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#environvars"><code>OLDPWD</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdping"><code>ping</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#frontend">Prompt</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdps"><code>ps</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdpwd"><code>pwd</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#environvars"><code>PWD</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdoverview">Re-directed commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdrm"><code>rm</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdrmdir"><code>rmdir</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdset"><code>set</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdsh"><code>sh</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdoverview">Simple commands</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdsleep"><code>sleep</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdtest"><code>test</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdunmount"><code>umount</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdunset"><code>unset</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#cmdusleep"><code>usleep</code></a></li>
</ul></td>
</tr></table>
</body>
</html>
