/* __ *\
** ________ ___ / / ___ Scala API **
** / __/ __// _ | / / / _ | (c) 2002-2013, LAMP/EPFL **
** __\ \/ /__/ __ |/ /__/ __ | http://scala-lang.org/ **
** /____/\___/_/ |_/____/_/ | | **
** |/ **
\* */
package scala
/** `AnyVal` is the root class of all ''value types'', which describe values
* not implemented as objects in the underlying host system. Value classes
* are specified in Scala Language Specification, section 12.2.
*
* The standard implementation includes nine `AnyVal` subtypes:
*
* [[scala.Double]], [[scala.Float]], [[scala.Long]], [[scala.Int]], [[scala.Char]],
* [[scala.Short]], and [[scala.Byte]] are the ''numeric value types''.
*
* [[scala.Unit]] and [[scala.Boolean]] are the ''non-numeric value types''.
*
* Other groupings:
*
* - The ''subrange types'' are [[scala.Byte]], [[scala.Short]], and [[scala.Char]].
* - The ''integer types'' include the subrange types as well as [[scala.Int]] and [[scala.Long]].
* - The ''floating point types'' are [[scala.Float]] and [[scala.Double]].
*
* Prior to Scala 2.10, `AnyVal` was a sealed trait. Beginning with Scala 2.10,
* however, it is possible to define a subclass of `AnyVal` called a ''user-defined value class''
* which is treated specially by the compiler. Properly-defined user value classes provide a way
* to improve performance on user-defined types by avoiding object allocation at runtime, and by
* replacing virtual method invocations with static method invocations.
*
* User-defined value classes which avoid object allocation...
*
* - must have a single `val` parameter that is the underlying runtime representation.
* - can define `def`s, but no `val`s, `var`s, or nested `traits`s, `class`es or `object`s.
* - typically extend no other trait apart from `AnyVal`.
* - cannot be used in type tests or pattern matching.
* - may not override `equals` or `hashCode` methods.
*
* A minimal example:
* {{{
* class Wrapper(val underlying: Int) extends AnyVal {
* def foo: Wrapper = new Wrapper(underlying * 19)
* }
* }}}
*
* It's important to note that user-defined value classes are limited, and in some circumstances,
* still must allocate a value class instance at runtime. These limitations and circumstances are
* explained in greater detail in the [[http://docs.scala-lang.org/overviews/core/value-classes.html Value Classes and Universal Traits]].
*/
abstract class AnyVal extends Any {
def getClass(): Class[_ <: AnyVal] = null
}
