path: root/sources/scalac/typechecker/Analyzer.java

/*     ____ ____  ____ ____  ______                                     *\
**    / __// __ \/ __// __ \/ ____/    SOcos COmpiles Scala             **
**  __\_ \/ /_/ / /__/ /_/ /\_ \       (c) 2002, LAMP/EPFL              **
** /_____/\____/\___/\____/____/                                        **
\*                                                                      */

// $Id$

// todo: eliminate Typed nodes.
// todo: use SELECTOR flag to avoid access methods for privates
// todo: use mangled name or drop.
// todo: emit warnings for unchecked.
// todo: synchronize on module instantiation.
// todo: empty package

package scalac.typechecker;

import ch.epfl.lamp.util.Position;
import ch.epfl.lamp.util.Pair;
import scalac.*;
import scalac.util.*;
import scalac.ast.*;
import scalac.ast.printer.*;
import scalac.symtab.*;
import scalac.symtab.classfile.*;
import Tree.*;
import java.util.*;

/** The main attribution phase.
 */
public class Analyzer extends Transformer implements Modifiers, Kinds {

    final Definitions definitions;
    private final DeSugarize desugarize;
    private final AnalyzerPhase descr;
    final Infer infer;
    final ConstantFolder constfold;

    public Analyzer(Global global, AnalyzerPhase descr) {
        super(global);
        this.definitions = global.definitions;
	this.descr = descr;
	this.infer = new Infer(this);
	this.constfold = new ConstantFolder(this);
	this.desugarize = new DeSugarize(this, global);
    }

    Unit unit;
    private Context context;
    private Type pt;
    private int mode;

    private boolean inAlternative; // for pattern matching;
    private HashMap patternVars;   // for pattern matching; maps x to {true,false}

    public void apply(Unit[] units) {
//  	for (int i = 0; i < units.length; i++) {
//              enterUnit(global.units[i]);
//          }
//  	super.apply(units); // this calls apply(u) for every unit `u'.
 	for (int i = 0; i < units.length; i++) enterUnit(units[i]);
  	super.apply(units); // this calls apply(u) for every unit `u'.
	int n = descr.newSources.size();
        while (n > 0) {
	    int l = global.units.length;
            Unit[] newUnits = new Unit[l + n];
            System.arraycopy(global.units, 0, newUnits, 0, l);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                newUnits[i + l] = (Unit)descr.newSources.get(i);
            global.units = newUnits;
            descr.newSources.clear();
            for (int i = l; i < newUnits.length; i++) {
                apply(newUnits[i]);
	    }
	    n = descr.newSources.size();
        }
    }

    public void enterUnit(Unit unit) {
	enter(new Context(Tree.Empty, unit.console ? descr.consoleContext : descr.startContext), unit);
    }

    public void enter(Context context, Unit unit) {
        assert this.unit == null : "start unit non null for " + unit;
	this.unit = unit;
	this.context = context;
	this.patternVars = new HashMap();
	ImportList prevImports = context.imports;
        descr.contexts.put(unit, context);
	enterSyms(unit.body);
	context.imports = prevImports;
        this.unit = null;
	this.context = null;
    }

    public void lateEnter(Unit unit, Symbol sym) {
	enterUnit(unit);
	if (sym.rawFirstInfo() instanceof SourceCompleter) {
            sym.setInfo(Type.ErrorType);
	    String kind = (sym.name.isTermName()) ? "object " : "class ";
	    throw new Type.Error("file " + unit.source + " does not define public " +
				 kind + sym.fullName());
	} else {
	    descr.newSources.add(unit);
	}
    }

    public void apply(Unit unit) {
	global.log("checking " + unit);
        assert this.unit == null : "start unit non null for " + unit;
	this.unit = unit;
        this.context = (Context)descr.contexts.remove(unit);
        assert this.context != null : "could not find context for " + unit;
	unit.body = transformStatSeq(unit.body, Symbol.NONE);
	if (global.target != global.TARGET_INT && global.reporter.errors() == 0) {
	    genSymData(unit.body);
	}
        this.unit = null;
        this.context = null;
	global.operation("checked " + unit);
    }

    public void genSymData(Tree[] stats) {
	for (int i = 0; i < stats.length; i++) {
	    switch (stats[i]) {
	    case ClassDef(_, _, _, _, _, _):
	    case ModuleDef(_, _, _, _):
		Symbol sym = stats[i].symbol();
		Name fullname = sym.fullName();
		if (global.symdata.get(fullname) == null) {
		    Pickle pickle = new Pickle();
		    pickle.add(sym.owner().info().lookup(sym.name.toTermName()));
		    pickle.add(sym.owner().info().lookup(sym.name.toTypeName()));
		    pickle.pickle();
		    global.symdata.put(fullname, pickle);
		}
		break;
	    case PackageDef(Tree packaged, Tree.Template templ):
		genSymData(templ.body);
	    }
	}
    }

    /** Mode constants
     */
    static final int NOmode        = 0x000;
    static final int EXPRmode      = 0x001;  // these 4 modes are mutually exclusive.
    static final int PATTERNmode   = 0x002;
    static final int CONSTRmode    = 0x004;
    static final int TYPEmode      = 0x008;

    static final int FUNmode       = 0x10;   // orthogonal to above. When set
                                             // we are looking for a method or constructor

    static final int POLYmode      = 0x020;  // orthogonal to above. When set
                                             // expression types can be polymorphic.

    static final int QUALmode      = 0x040;  // orthogonal to above. When set
                                             // expressions may be packages and
                                             // Java statics modules.

    static final int SUPERmode     = 0x080;  // Goes with CONSTRmode. When set
                                             // we are checking a superclass
                                             // constructor invocation.

    static final int baseModes     = EXPRmode | PATTERNmode | CONSTRmode;

    static final int SEQUENCEmode  = 0x1000;  // orthogonal to above. When set
                                              // we turn "x" into "x@_"
                                              // and allow args to be of type Seq[ a ] instead of a

// Diagnostics ----------------------------------------------------------------

    Tree errorTree(int pos) {
	return make.Bad(pos).setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR).setType(Type.ErrorType);
    }

    Tree error(int pos, String msg) {
	unit.error(pos, msg);
	return errorTree(pos);
    }

    void typeError(int pos, Type found, Type req) {
	String msg = infer.typeErrorMsg("type mismatch", found, req);
	Type foundResult = found.resultType();
	if (foundResult != found && infer.isCompatible(foundResult, req))
	    msg = msg +
		"\n possible cause: missing arguments for method or constructor";
	error(pos, msg);
    }

    Tree reportTypeError(int pos, Type.Error ex) {
	if (global.debug) ex.printStackTrace();
	if (ex instanceof CyclicReference) {
	    CyclicReference cyc = (CyclicReference) ex;
	    if (cyc.info instanceof LazyTreeType) {
		switch (((LazyTreeType) cyc.info).tree) {
		case ValDef(_, _, Tree.Empty, _):
		    return error(pos, "recursive " + cyc.sym + " needs type");
		case DefDef(_, _, _, _, Tree.Empty, _):
		    return error(pos, "recursive function " + cyc.sym.name + " needs result type");
		}
	    }
	}
	//throw ex;//DEBUG
	return error(pos, ex.msg);
    }

// Name resolution -----------------------------------------------------------

    String decode(Name name) {
	if (name.isTypeName()) return "type " + NameTransformer.decode(name);
	else return "value " + NameTransformer.decode(name);
    }

    /** Check that `sym' is accessible as a member of tree `site' in current context.
     */
    Type checkAccessible(int pos, Symbol sym, Type symtype, Tree site) {
	if ((sym.owner().flags & INCONSTRUCTOR) != 0 &&
	    !(sym.kind == TYPE && sym.isParameter())) {
	    switch (site) {
	    case This(_):
		error(pos, sym + " cannot be accessed from constructor");
		return Type.ErrorType;
	    }
	}
	switch (symtype) {
	case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
	    int nacc = 0;
	    for (int i = 0; i < alts.length; i++) {
		if (isAccessible(alts[i], site)) {
		    nacc++;
		}
	    }
	    if (nacc == 0) {
		error(pos, sym + " cannot be accessed in " + site.type.widen());
		return Type.ErrorType;
	    } else {
		Symbol[] alts1 = new Symbol[nacc];
		Type[] alttypes1 = new Type[nacc];
		nacc = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < alts.length; i++) {
		    if (isAccessible(alts[i], site)) {
			alts1[nacc] = alts[i];
			alttypes1[nacc] = alttypes[i];
			nacc++;
		    }
		}
		return Type.OverloadedType(alts1, alttypes1);
	    }
	default:
	    if (isAccessible(sym, site)) {
		return symtype;
	    } else {
		error(pos, sym + " cannot be accessed in " + site.type.widen());
		return Type.ErrorType;
	    }
	}
    }

    /** Is `sym' accessible as a member of tree `site' in current context?
     */
    private boolean isAccessible(Symbol sym, Tree site) {
	return
	    (sym.flags & (PRIVATE | PROTECTED)) == 0
	    ||
	    accessWithin(sym.owner())
	    ||
	    ((sym.flags & PRIVATE) == 0) &&
	    site.type.symbol().isSubClass(
		sym.isConstructor() ? sym.constructorClass()
		: sym.owner()) &&
	    (site instanceof Tree.Super ||
	     isSubClassOfEnclosing(site.type.symbol()));
    } //where

	/** Are we inside definition of `owner'?
	 */
	boolean accessWithin(Symbol owner) {
	    Context c = context;
	    while (c != Context.NONE && c.owner != owner) {
		c = c.outer.enclClass;
	    }
	    return c != Context.NONE;
	}

	/** Is `clazz' a subclass of an enclosing class?
	 */
        boolean isSubClassOfEnclosing(Symbol clazz) {
	    Context c = context;
	    while (c != Context.NONE && !clazz.isSubClass(c.owner)) {
		c = c.outer.enclClass;
	    }
	    return c != Context.NONE;
	}

// Checking methods ----------------------------------------------------------

    /** Check that symbol's definition is well-formed. This means:
     *   - no conflicting modifiers
     *   - `abstract' modifier only for classes
     *   - `override' modifier never for classes
     *   - `def' modifier never for parameters of case classes
     *   - declarations only in traits or abstract classes
     *   - symbols with `override' modifier override some other symbol.
     */
    void validate(Symbol sym) {
	if ((sym.flags & (ABSTRACT | OVERRIDE)) == ABSTRACT &&
	    sym.kind != CLASS) {
	    error(sym.pos, "`abstract' modifier can be used only for classes; " +
		  "\nit should be omitted for abstract members");
	}
	if ((sym.flags & OVERRIDE) != 0 && sym.kind == CLASS) {
	    error(sym.pos, "`override' modifier not allowed for classes");
	}
	if ((sym.flags & DEF) != 0 && sym.owner().isPrimaryConstructor() &&
	    (sym.owner().constructorClass().flags & CASE) != 0) {
	    error(sym.pos, "`def' modifier not allowed for case class parameters");
	}
	/*!!!
	if ((sym.flags & REPEATED) != 0 && sym.owner().isPrimaryConstructor()) {
	    error(sym.pos, "`*' modifier not allowed for class parameters");
	}
	*/
	if ((sym.flags & DEFERRED) != 0) {
	    if (sym.owner().kind != CLASS ||
		(sym.owner().flags & MODUL) != 0 ||
		sym.owner().isAnonymousClass()) {
		error(sym.pos,
		    "only classes can have declared but undefined members" +
		    (((sym.flags & MUTABLE) == 0) ? ""
		     : "\n(Note that variables need to be initialized to be defined)"));
		sym.flags &= ~DEFERRED;
	    }
	}
	checkNoConflict(sym, DEFERRED, PRIVATE);
	checkNoConflict(sym, FINAL, SEALED);
	checkNoConflict(sym, FINAL, PRIVATE);
	checkNoConflict(sym, PRIVATE, PROTECTED);
	checkNoConflict(sym, PRIVATE, OVERRIDE);
	checkNoConflict(sym, DEFERRED, FINAL);
    }

    /** Check that
     *  - all parents are class types
     *  - supertype conforms to supertypes of all mixin types.
     *  - final classes are only inherited by classes which are
     *    nested within definition of base class, or that occur within same
     *    statement sequence.
     *  - self-type of current class is a subtype of self-type of each parent class.
     *  - parent constructors do not refer to value parameters of class.
     *  - no two parents define same symbol.
     */
    void validateParentClasses(Tree[] constrs, Type[] parents, Type selfType) {
	for (int i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
	    if (!checkClassType(constrs[i].pos, parents[i])) return;
	    Symbol bsym = parents[i].symbol();
	    if (i == 0) {
		if ((bsym.flags & (JAVA | INTERFACE)) == (JAVA | INTERFACE))
		    error(constrs[0].pos, "superclass may not be a Java interface");
	    } else {
		if ((bsym.flags & (JAVA | INTERFACE)) == JAVA)
		    error(constrs[i].pos, "Java class may not be used as mixin");
		Type[] grandparents = parents[i].parents();
		if (grandparents.length > 0 &&
		    !parents[0].isSubType(grandparents[0]))
		    error(constrs[i].pos, "illegal inheritance;\n " + parents[0] +
			  " does not conform to " + parents[i] + "'s supertype");
	    }
	    if ((bsym.flags & FINAL) != 0) {
		error(constrs[i].pos, "illegal inheritance from final class");
	    } else if (bsym.isSealed() ||
		       bsym.isSubClass(definitions.ANYVAL_CLASS) ||
		       bsym.isSubClass(definitions.ARRAY_CLASS)) {
		// are we in same scope as base type definition?
		Scope.Entry e = context.scope.lookupEntry(bsym.name);
		if (e.sym != bsym || e.owner != context.scope) {
		    // we are not within same statement sequence
		    Context c = context;
		    while (c != Context.NONE && c.owner !=  bsym)
			c = c.outer;
		    if (c == Context.NONE) {
			error(constrs[i].pos, "illegal inheritance from sealed class");
		    }
		}
	    }
	    if (!selfType.isSubType(parents[i].instanceType())) {
		error(constrs[i].pos, "illegal inheritance;\n self-type " +
		      selfType + " does not conform to " + parents[i] +
		      "'s selftype " + parents[i].instanceType());
	    }
	    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
		if (parents[i].symbol() == parents[j].symbol())
		    error(constrs[i].pos, parents[i].symbol() + " is inherited twice");
	    }
	}
    }

    /** Check that type is a class type.
     */
    private boolean checkClassType(int pos, Type tp) {
	switch (tp.unalias()) {
	case TypeRef(_, Symbol sym, _):
	    if (sym.kind == CLASS) return true;
	    else if (sym.kind == ERROR) return false;
	    break;
	case ErrorType:
	    return false;
	}
	error(pos, "class type expected");
	return false;
    }

    /** Check that type is an object type
     */
    private Type checkObjectType(int pos, Type tp) {
	if (tp.isObjectType()) return tp;
	else {
	    if (tp != Type.ErrorType) error(pos, "object type expected");
	    return Type.ErrorType;
	}
    }

    /** Check that type is eta-expandable (i.e. no `def' or `*' parameters)
     */
    void checkEtaExpandable(int pos, Type tp) {
	switch (tp) {
	case MethodType(Symbol[] params, Type restype):
	    for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
		if ((params[i].flags & DEF) != 0)
		    error(pos, "method with `def' parameters needs to be fully applied");
		if ((params[i].flags & REPEATED) != 0)
		    error(pos, "method with `*' parameters needs to be fully applied");
	    }
	    checkEtaExpandable(pos, restype);
	}
    }

    /** Check that `sym' does not contain both `flag1' and `flag2'
     */
    void checkNoConflict(Symbol sym, int flag1, int flag2) {
	if ((sym.flags & (flag1 | flag2)) == (flag1 | flag2)) {
	    if (flag1 == DEFERRED)
		error(sym.pos, "abstract member may not have " +
		      Modifiers.Helper.toString(flag2) + " modifier");
	    else
		error(sym.pos, "illegal combination of modifiers: " +
		      Modifiers.Helper.toString(flag1) + " and " +
		      Modifiers.Helper.toString(flag2));
	}
    }

    /** Check that type `tp' is not a subtype of itself.
     */
    public void checkNonCyclic(int pos, Type tp) {
	switch (tp) {
	case TypeRef(Type pre, Symbol sym, Type[] args):
	    sym.initialize();
	    if ((sym.flags & LOCKED) != 0) {
		error(pos, "cyclic aliasing or subtyping involving " + sym);
	    } else if (sym.kind == ALIAS || sym.kind == TYPE) {
		sym.flags |= LOCKED;
		//System.out.println("checking " + sym);//DEBUG
		checkNonCyclic(
		    pos, pre.memberInfo(sym).subst(sym.typeParams(), args));
		if (sym.kind == TYPE)
		    checkNonCyclic(
			pos, pre.memberLoBound(sym).subst(sym.typeParams(), args));
		sym.flags &= ~LOCKED;
	    }
	    break;
	case CompoundType(Type[] parents, Scope members):
	    for (int i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
		checkNonCyclic(pos, parents[i]);
	    }
	    break;
	case SingleType(Type pre, Symbol sym):
	    sym.initialize();
	    if ((sym.flags & LOCKED) != 0) {
		error(pos, "cyclic aliasing or subtyping involving " + sym);
	    }
	}
    }

    /** Check that type does not refer to components defined in current scope.
     */
    Type checkNoEscape(int pos, Type tp) {
	try {
	    return checkNoEscapeMap.apply(tp);
	} catch (Type.Error ex) {
	    if ((mode & EXPRmode) != 0 && infer.isFullyDefined(pt)) return pt;
	    error(pos, ex.msg + " as part of " + tp.unalias());
	    return Type.ErrorType;
	}
    }
    //where
	private Type.Map checkNoEscapeMap = new Type.Map() {
	    public Type apply(Type t) {
		switch (t.unalias()) {
		case TypeRef(Type pre, Symbol sym, Type[] args):
		    if (pre instanceof Type.ThisType) checkNoEscape(t, sym);
		    break;
		case SingleType(ThisType(_), Symbol sym):
		    checkNoEscape(t, sym);
		    break;
		}
		return map(t);
	    }
    	    private void checkNoEscape(Type t, Symbol sym) {
		Scope.Entry e = context.scope.lookupEntry(sym.name);
		if (e.sym == sym && e.owner == context.scope &&
		    !(e.sym.kind == TYPE && (e.sym.flags & PARAM) != 0)) {
		    throw new Type.Error(
			"type " + t + " escapes its defining scope");
		}
	    }
	};

    /** Check that there are no dependent parameter types among parameters
     */
    void checkNoEscapeParams(ValDef[][] vparams) {
	for (int i = 0; i < vparams.length; i++)
	    for (int j = 0; j < vparams[i].length; j++)
		checkNoEscape(vparams[i][j].pos, vparams[i][j].tpe.type);
    }

    /** Check that tree represents a pure definition.
     */
    void checkPureDef(Tree tree, Symbol clazz) {
	if (!TreeInfo.isPureDef(tree) && tree.type != Type.ErrorType)
	    error(tree.pos, clazz + " may contain only pure definitions");
    }

    /** Check that tree represents a pure constructor.
     */
    void checkPureConstr(Tree tree, Symbol clazz) {
	if (!TreeInfo.isPureConstr(tree) && tree.type != Type.ErrorType)
	    error(tree.pos, clazz + " may invoke only pure superclass constructors");
    }

    /** Check that tree represents a trait constructor.
     */
    void checkTrait(Tree tree, Symbol clazz) {
	if (!tree.type.symbol().isTrait() && tree.type != Type.ErrorType)
	    error(tree.pos, " " + clazz + " may inherit only traits as mixins");
    }

    /** Check that tree is a stable expression .p
     */
    Tree checkStable(Tree tree) {
	if (TreeInfo.isPureExpr(tree) || tree.type == Type.ErrorType)
	    return tree;
	else
	    return error(tree.pos, "stable identifier required, but " +
			 tree + " found.");
    }

    /** Check that class can be instantiated.
     */
    void checkInstantiatable(int pos, Type tp) {
	Symbol clazz = tp.symbol();
	if (clazz.kind == CLASS) {
	    if (clazz.isAbstractClass())
		error(pos, clazz + " is abstract, so it cannot be instantiated");
	    else if (!tp.isSubType(tp.instanceType()))
		error(pos, tp + " does not conform to its self-type " +
		      tp.instanceType() + ", so it cannot be instantiated");
	}
    }

    /** Check that all subtrees have their types defined.
     *  Used for asserting an internal invariant
     */
    private static class CheckDefined extends Traverser {
	Tree all;
	public void traverse(Tree tree) {
	    assert tree.type != null : tree + " in " + all;
	    if (tree.type != Type.ErrorType)
		super.traverse(tree);
	}
    }

    private static CheckDefined checkDefined = new CheckDefined();

// Helper definitions for calculating types -----------------------------------------

    /** The qualifier type of a potential application of the `match' method.
     *  or NoType, if this is something else.
     */
    private Type matchQualType(Tree fn) {
	switch (fn) {
	case Select(Tree qual, _):
	    if (fn.symbol() == definitions.ANY_MATCH)
		return qual.type.widen();
	    break;
	case TypeApply(Tree fn1, _):
	    return matchQualType(fn1);
	case Ident(_):
	    if (fn.symbol() == definitions.ANY_MATCH)
		return context.enclClass.owner.typeOfThis();
	    break;
	}
	return fn.type == Type.ErrorType ? Type.ErrorType : Type.NoType;
    }

    private boolean isSetterMethod(Symbol sym) {
	return sym != null &&
	    !sym.isLocal() &&
	    !sym.isStable() &&
	    sym.type() instanceof Type.PolyType &&
	    sym.typeParams().length == 0;
    }

// Contexts -------------------------------------------------------------------

    /** Push new context associated with given tree, owner, and scope on stack.
     *  Fields `imports' and, possibly, `enclClass' are inherited from parent.
     */
    void pushContext(Tree tree, Symbol owner, Scope scope) {
	context = new Context(tree, owner, scope, context);
    }

    /** Pop context from stack.
     */
    void popContext() {
	context = context.outer;
    }

// Lazy Types ------------------------------------------------------------------

    /** A lazy type which, when forced returns the type of a symbol defined
     *  in `tree'.
     */
    class LazyTreeType extends Type.LazyType {
	Tree tree;
        Unit u;
	Context c;

	LazyTreeType(Tree tree) {
	    this.tree = tree;
            this.u = unit;
	    this.c = context;
	}
	public void complete(Symbol sym) {
	    //System.out.println("completing " + sym);//DEBUG
	    //if (sym.isConstructor()) sym.constructorClass().initialize();
	    //else if (sym.isModule()) sym.moduleClass().initialize();
	    defineSym(tree, u, c);
	}
    }

    /** A lazy type for case constructor methods (whose name is a term name)
     *  which sets the method's type to the class constructor type.
     */
    class LazyConstrMethodType extends LazyTreeType {
	LazyConstrMethodType(Tree tree) {
	    super(tree);
	}
	public void complete(Symbol sym) {
            Symbol constr = tree.symbol().primaryConstructor();
	    if (!sym.isInitialized())
		sym.setInfo(constr.type().instanceType().cloneType(constr, sym));
	}
    }

    /** A lazy type for self types
     */
    class LazySelfType extends LazyTreeType {
	Symbol clazz;
	LazySelfType(Symbol clazz, Tree tree) {
	    super(tree);
	    this.clazz = clazz;
	}
	public void complete(Symbol sym) {
	    defineSelfType(sym, clazz, tree, u, c);
	}
    }

// Entering Symbols ----------------------------------------------------------

    Tree transformPackageId(Tree tree) {
	if (tree.type != null) return tree;
	switch (tree) {
	case Ident(Name name):
	    return tree
		.setSymbol(packageSymbol(tree.pos, context.owner, name))
	        .setType(tree.symbol().type());
	case Select(Tree qual, Name name):
	    Tree qual1 = transformPackageId(qual);
            Symbol sym = packageSymbol(tree.pos, qual1.symbol(), name);
	    return copy.Select(tree, sym, qual1).setType(sym.type());
	default:
	    return transform(tree);
	}
    }

    Symbol packageSymbol(int pos, Symbol base, Name name) {
	Symbol p = base.members().lookup(name);
	if (p.kind == NONE) {
	    p = TermSymbol.newJavaPackageModule(name, base.moduleClass(), null);
	    base.members().enter(p);
	} else if (!p.isPackage()) {
	    error(pos, "package and class with same name");
	    p = Symbol.ERROR;
	}
	return p;
    }

    /** If `tree' is a definition, create a symbol for it with a lazily
     *  constructed type, and enter into current scope.
     */
    Symbol enterSym(Tree tree) {
	Symbol owner = context.owner;
	switch (tree) {
      	case PackageDef(Tree packaged, Tree.Template templ):
	    switch (templ) {
	    case Template(_, Tree[] body):
		pushContext(tree, context.owner, context.scope);
		context.imports = null;
		((PackageDef) tree).packaged = packaged = transformPackageId(packaged);
		popContext();
		Symbol pkg = checkStable(packaged).symbol();
		if (pkg != null && pkg.kind != ERROR) {
		    if (pkg.isPackage()) {
			pushContext(templ, pkg.moduleClass(), pkg.members());
			enterSyms(body);
			popContext();
		    } else {
			error(tree.pos, "only Java packages allowed for now");
		    }
		}
		templ.setSymbol(Symbol.NONE);
		return null;
	    default:
		throw new ApplicationError();
	    }

	case ClassDef(int mods, Name name, AbsTypeDef[] tparams, ValDef[][] vparams, _, Tree.Template templ):
	    ClassSymbol clazz = ClassSymbol.define(
		tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope);
	    if (clazz.isLocalClass()) unit.mangler.setMangledName(clazz);
	    if (!clazz.primaryConstructor().isInitialized())
		clazz.primaryConstructor().setInfo(new LazyTreeType(tree));
	    if ((mods & CASE) != 0) {
		if ((mods & ABSTRACT) == 0) {
		    // enter case constructor method.
		    Symbol cf = TermSymbol.define(
			tree.pos, name.toTermName(), owner,
			mods & ACCESSFLAGS | CASE, context.scope);
		    enterInScope(cf);
		    if (!cf.isInitialized() || cf.info().symbol().isModuleClass()) {
			cf.setInfo(new LazyConstrMethodType(tree));
		    }
		}
	    }
	    return enterSym(tree, clazz);

	case ModuleDef(int mods, Name name, _, _):
	    TermSymbol modul = TermSymbol.define(
		tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope).makeModule();
	    Symbol clazz = modul.moduleClass();
	    if (!clazz.isInitialized())
		clazz.setInfo(new LazyTreeType(tree));
	    if (clazz.isLocalClass()) unit.mangler.setMangledName(clazz);
	    return enterSym(tree, modul);

       	case ValDef(int mods, Name name, _, _):
	    return enterSym(
		tree,
		TermSymbol.define(tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope));

	case DefDef(int mods, Name name, _, _, _, _):
	    Symbol sym;
	    if (name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR) {
		Symbol clazz = context.enclClass.owner;
		if (!(context.tree instanceof Template) ||
		    clazz.isModuleClass() ||
		    clazz.isAnonymousClass() ||
		    clazz.isCompoundSym() ||
		    clazz.isPackage()) {
		    error(tree.pos, "constructor definition not allowed here");
		}
		sym = context.enclClass.owner.addConstructor();
	    } else {
		sym = TermSymbol.define(tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope);
	    }
	    return enterSym(tree, sym);

	case AliasTypeDef(int mods, Name name, _, _):
	    Symbol tsym = AliasTypeSymbol.define(tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope);
	    if (!tsym.primaryConstructor().isInitialized())
		tsym.primaryConstructor().setInfo(new LazyTreeType(tree));
	    return enterSym(tree, tsym);

	case AbsTypeDef(int mods, Name name, _, _):
	    return enterSym(
		tree,
		AbsTypeSymbol.define(tree.pos, name, owner, mods, context.scope));

	case Import(Tree expr, Name[] selectors):
	    return enterImport(tree,
			new TermSymbol(
			    tree.pos,
			    Name.fromString("import " + expr),
			    Symbol.NONE, SYNTHETIC));

	default:
	    return null;
	}
    }//where

        /** Enter `sym' in current scope and make it the symbol of `tree'.
	 */
	private Symbol enterSym(Tree tree, Symbol sym) {
	    //if (global.debug) System.out.println("entering " + sym);//DEBUG
	    if (!sym.isInitialized()) {
		//System.err.println("undefined: " + sym + ":" + sym.rawInfo());//DEBUG
		sym.setInfo(new LazyTreeType(tree));
	    }
	    if (!sym.isConstructor()) {
		Symbol owner = sym.owner();
		if (sym.kind == VAL && (sym.flags & (PRIVATE | SEALED)) == 0 &&
		    owner != null && owner.kind == CLASS &&
		    (owner.flags & FINAL) != 0) {
		    sym.flags |= FINAL;
		}
		sym = enterInScope(sym);
	    }
	    tree.setSymbol(sym);

	    // set the comment associated with a symbol
	    String comment = (String) global.mapTreeComment.get(tree);
	    if (comment != null)
		global.mapSymbolComment.put(sym, new Pair(comment, unit));

	    return sym;
	}

	/** Make `sym' the symbol of import `tree' and create an entry in
	 *  current imports list.
	 */
	private Symbol enterImport(Tree tree, Symbol sym) {
	    sym.setInfo(new LazyTreeType(tree));
	    tree.setSymbol(sym);
	    context.imports = new ImportList(tree, context.scope, context.imports);
	    return sym;
	}

        /** Enter symbol `sym' in current scope. Check for double definitions.
	 *  Handle overloading.
	 */
	private Symbol enterInScope(Symbol sym) {
	    // handle double and overloaded definitions
	    Symbol result = sym;
	    Scope.Entry e = context.scope.lookupEntry(sym.name);
	    Symbol other = e.sym;
	    if (sym == other) {
		if (global.debug) global.log("redefined: " + sym + ":" + sym.rawInfo());
	    } else if (e.owner == context.scope) {
		if (other.isExternal()) {
		    assert false : sym + " " + other;
		    // symbol was preloaded from package;
		    // need to overwrite definition.
		    if (global.debug) global.log(sym + " overwrites " + other);
		    sym.copyTo(other);
		    if (sym.isModule())
			sym.moduleClass().copyTo(other.moduleClass());
		    result = other;
		} else if (sym.owner().isPackage()) {
		    if (global.compiledNow.get(other) != null) {
			error(sym.pos, sym + " is compiled twice");
		    }
		    context.scope.unlink(e);
		    context.scope.enter(sym);
		} else if (context.owner.kind == CLASS &&
			   sym.kind == VAL && other.kind == VAL &&
			   ((sym.flags & ACCESSOR) == 0 ||
			    (other.flags & ACCESSOR) == 0)) {
		    // it's an overloaded definition
		    /*
		    if (((sym.flags ^ other.flags) & SOURCEFLAGS) != 0) {
			// todo: refine, DEFERRED, MUTABLE and OVERRIDE should be
			// treated specially; maybe only PRIVATE and PROTECTED?
			error(sym.pos,
			      "illegal overloaded definition of " + sym +
			      ": modifier lists differ in " +
			      Modifiers.Helper.toString(
				  (sym.flags ^ other.flags) & SOURCEFLAGS));
		    */
		    e.setSymbol(other.overloadWith(sym));
		} else {
		    if (context.owner.kind == CLASS)
			error(sym.pos,
			      sym.nameString() + " is already defined as " +
			      other + other.locationString());
		    else
			error(sym.pos,
			      sym.nameString() +
			      " is already defined in local scope");
		}
	    } else {
		context.scope.enter(sym);
	    }
	    if (result.owner().isPackage())
		global.compiledNow.put(result, unit.source);
	    return result;
	}

    /** Enter all symbols in statement list
     */
    public void enterSyms(Tree[] stats) {
	for (int i = 0; i < stats.length; i++)
	    enterSym(stats[i]);
    }

    Symbol[] enterParams(Tree[] params) {
	for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
	    enterSym(params[i]);
	    switch (params[i]) {
	    case ValDef(int mods, _, _, _):
		if ((mods & REPEATED) != 0 && i != params.length - 1)
		    error(params[i].pos,
			  "`*' parameter must be the last parameter of a `('...`)' section");
	    }
	}
	return Tree.symbolOf(params);
    }

    Symbol[][] enterParams(Tree[][] vparams) {
	Symbol[][] vparamSyms = new Symbol[vparams.length][];
	for (int i = 0; i < vparams.length; i++) {
	    vparamSyms[i] = enterParams(vparams[i]);
	}
	return vparamSyms;
    }

    /** Re-enter type parameters in current scope.
     */
    void reenterParams(AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Symbol[] tsyms) {
	for (int i = 0; i < tparams.length; i++) {
	    tsyms[i].pos = tparams[i].pos;
	    tsyms[i].name = tparams[i].name;
	    //necessary since tsyms might have been unpickled
	    tparams[i].setSymbol(tsyms[i]);
	    context.scope.enter(tsyms[i]);
	}
    }

    /** Re-enter type and value parameters in current scope.
     */
    void reenterParams(AbsTypeDef[] tparams, ValDef[][] vparamss, Type mt) {
	Type rest = mt;
	switch (rest) {
	case PolyType(Symbol[] tsyms, Type restp):
	    reenterParams(tparams, tsyms);
	    rest = restp;
	}
	for (int j = 0; j < vparamss.length; j++) {
	    ValDef[] vparams = vparamss[j];
	    switch (rest) {
	    case MethodType(Symbol[] vsyms, Type restp):
		for (int i = 0; i < vparams.length; i++) {
		    vsyms[i].pos = vparams[i].pos;
		    vsyms[i].name = vparams[i].name;
                        //necessary since vsyms might have been unpickled
		    vparams[i].setSymbol(vsyms[i]);
		    context.scope.enter(vsyms[i]);
		}
		rest = restp;
	    }
	}
    }

// Definining Symbols -------------------------------------------------------

    /** Define symbol associated with `tree' using given `unit' and `context'.
     */
    void defineSym(Tree tree, Unit unit, Context curcontext) {
        Unit savedUnit = this.unit;
        this.unit = unit;
	Context savedContext = this.context;
	this.context = curcontext;
	int savedMode = this.mode;
	this.mode = EXPRmode;
	Type savedPt = this.pt;
	this.pt = Type.AnyType;

	try {
	    Symbol sym = tree.symbol();
	    if (global.debug) global.log("defining " + sym);
	    Type owntype;
	    switch (tree) {
	    case ClassDef(int mods, Name name, Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree.ValDef[][] vparams, Tree tpe, Tree.Template templ):
		pushContext(
		    tree, sym.primaryConstructor(), new Scope(context.scope));
		Symbol[] tparamSyms = enterParams(tparams);
		Symbol[][] vparamSyms = enterParams(vparams);
		if (vparamSyms.length == 0)
		    vparamSyms = new Symbol[][]{Symbol.EMPTY_ARRAY};

		if ((mods & CASE) != 0 && vparams.length > 0)
		    templ.body = desugarize.addCaseElements(templ.body, vparams[0]);

		Type constrtype = makeMethodType(
		    tparamSyms,
		    vparamSyms,
		    Type.TypeRef(sym.owner().thisType(), sym, Symbol.type(tparamSyms)));
		//System.out.println("set info " + sym.constructor() + " to " + constrtype + " was " + sym.constructor().rawInfo());//DEBUG
		sym.primaryConstructor().setInfo(constrtype);
		// necessary so that we can access tparams
		sym.primaryConstructor().flags |= INITIALIZED;

		if (tpe != Tree.Empty)
		    sym.setTypeOfThis(new LazySelfType(sym, tpe));

		defineTemplate(templ, sym, new Scope());
		owntype = templ.type;
		popContext();
		break;

	    case ModuleDef(int mods, Name name, Tree tpe, Tree.Template templ):
		Symbol clazz = sym.moduleClass();
		defineTemplate(templ, clazz, new Scope());
		clazz.setInfo(templ.type);
		((ModuleDef) tree).tpe = tpe = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		if (tpe != Tree.Empty)
		    clazz.setTypeOfThis(new LazySelfType(sym, tpe));
		owntype = (tpe == Tree.Empty) ? clazz.type() : tpe.type;
		break;

	    case DefDef(int mods, Name name, Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree.ValDef[][] vparams, Tree tpe, Tree rhs):
		Symbol[] tparamSyms;
		Symbol[][] vparamSyms;
		Type restype;
		pushContext(tree, sym, new Scope(context.scope));
		if (name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR)
		    context.enclClass.owner.flags |= INCONSTRUCTOR;
		tparamSyms = enterParams(tparams);
		vparamSyms = enterParams(vparams);
		if (tpe != Tree.Empty) {
		    ((DefDef) tree).tpe = tpe = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		    restype = tpe.type;
		} else if (name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR) {
		    restype = context.enclClass.owner.type().subst(
			context.enclClass.owner.typeParams(), tparamSyms);
		    context.enclClass.owner.flags &= ~INCONSTRUCTOR;
		} else {
		    ((DefDef) tree).rhs = rhs = transform(rhs, EXPRmode);
		    restype = rhs.type;
		    if (!sym.isFinal())	restype = restype.deconst();
		    // !!! restype = rhs.type.widen(); // !!!
		}
		restype = checkNoEscape(tpe.pos, restype);
		popContext();
		owntype = makeMethodType(tparamSyms, vparamSyms, restype);
		//System.out.println("methtype " + name + ":" + owntype);//DEBUG
		break;

	    case ValDef(int mods, Name name, Tree tpe, Tree rhs):
		if (tpe != Tree.Empty) {
		    ((ValDef) tree).tpe = tpe = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		    owntype = tpe.type;
		} else {
		    pushContext(tree, sym, context.scope);
		    if (rhs == Tree.Empty) {
			if ((sym.owner().flags & ACCESSOR) != 0) {
			    // this is the parameter of a variable setter method.
			    assert (sym.flags & PARAM) != 0;
			    owntype = sym.owner().accessed().type();
			} else {
			    error(tree.pos, "missing parameter type");
			    owntype = Type.ErrorType;
			}
		    } else {
			if ((sym.flags & CASEACCESSOR) != 0) {
			    rhs.type = rhs.symbol().type();
			} else {
			    ((ValDef) tree).rhs = rhs = transform(rhs, EXPRmode);
			}
			owntype = rhs.type;
			if (sym.isVariable() || !sym.isFinal())
			    owntype = owntype.deconst();
			// !!! owntype = rhs.type.widen(); // !!!
		    }
		    popContext();
		}
		break;

	    case AliasTypeDef(int mods, Name name, AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree rhs):
		pushContext(tree, sym.primaryConstructor(), new Scope(context.scope));
		Symbol[] tparamSyms = enterParams(tparams);
		sym.primaryConstructor().setInfo(
		    Type.PolyType(tparamSyms, sym.typeConstructor()));
		// necessary so that we can access tparams
		sym.primaryConstructor().flags |= INITIALIZED;
		((AliasTypeDef) tree).rhs = rhs = transform(rhs, TYPEmode);
		owntype = rhs.type;

		popContext();
		break;

	    case AbsTypeDef(int mods, Name name, Tree rhs, Tree lobound):
		//can't have `sym' as owner since checkNonCyclic would fail.
		((AbsTypeDef) tree).rhs = rhs = transform(rhs, TYPEmode);
		((AbsTypeDef) tree).lobound = lobound = transform(lobound, TYPEmode);
		owntype = rhs.type;
		sym.setLoBound(lobound.type);
		owntype.symbol().initialize();//to detect cycles todo: needed?
		break;

	    case Import(Tree expr, Name[] selectors):
		((Import) tree).expr = expr = transform(expr, EXPRmode | QUALmode);
		checkStable(expr);
		owntype = expr.type;
		Type tp = owntype.widen();
		for (int i = 0; i < selectors.length; i = i + 2) {
		    if (selectors[i] != Names.IMPORT_WILDCARD &&
			tp.lookup(selectors[i]) == Symbol.NONE &&
			tp.lookup(selectors[i].toTypeName()) == Symbol.NONE)
			error(tree.pos, NameTransformer.decode(selectors[i]) + " is not a member of " + expr + " of type " + expr.type);
		}
		break;

	    default:
		throw new ApplicationError();
	    }
	    sym.setInfo(owntype);
	    validate(sym);
	    if (global.debug) global.log("defined " + sym);
	} catch (Type.Error ex) {
	    reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
	    tree.type = Type.ErrorType;
            if (tree.hasSymbol()) {
		if (tree.symbol() != null) tree.symbol().setInfo(Type.ErrorType);
		else tree.setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR);
	    }
	}

        this.unit = savedUnit;
	this.context = savedContext;
	this.mode = savedMode;
	this.pt = savedPt;
    }

    /** Definition phase for a template. This enters all symbols in template
     *  into symbol table.
     */
    void defineTemplate(Tree.Template templ, Symbol clazz, Scope members) {
	// attribute parent constructors
	Tree[] constrs = transformConstrInvocations(templ.pos, templ.parents);
	Type[] parents = Tree.typeOf(constrs);

	// enter all members
	pushContext(templ, clazz, members);
	templ.body = desugarize.Statements(templ.body, false);
	enterSyms(templ.body);
	popContext();
	templ.type = Type.compoundType(parents, members, clazz);
    }

    Type makeMethodType(Symbol[] tparams, Symbol[][] vparams, Type restpe) {
	if (tparams.length == 0 && vparams.length == 0) {
	    return Type.PolyType(tparams, restpe);
	} else {
	    Type result = restpe;
	    for (int i = vparams.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
		result = Type.MethodType(vparams[i], result);
	    if (tparams.length != 0)
		result = Type.PolyType(tparams, result);
	    return result;
	}
    }

    Tree makeStableId(int pos, Type tp) {
	if (tp.symbol().isCompoundSym())
	    return gen.This(pos, tp.symbol());
	else
	    return gen.mkStableId(pos, tp);
    }

    /** Define self type of class or module `sym'
     *  associated with `tree' using given `unit' and `context'.
     */
    void defineSelfType(Symbol sym, Symbol clazz, Tree tree, Unit unit, Context curcontext) {
        Unit savedUnit = this.unit;
        this.unit = unit;
	Context savedContext = this.context;
	this.context = curcontext;

	Type selftype = transform(tree, TYPEmode).type;
	switch (selftype) {
	case CompoundType(Type[] parts, Scope members):
	    Type[] parts1 = new Type[parts.length + 1];
	    System.arraycopy(parts, 0, parts1, 0, parts.length);
	    parts1[parts.length] = clazz.type();
	    sym.setInfo(Type.compoundTypeWithOwner(clazz.owner().enclClass(), parts1, members));
	    break;
	default:
	    sym.setInfo(
		Type.compoundTypeWithOwner(
		    clazz.owner().enclClass(), new Type[]{selftype, clazz.type()}, Scope.EMPTY));
	}

	this.unit = savedUnit;
	this.context= savedContext;
    }

// Attribution and Transform -------------------------------------------------

    /** Turn tree type into stable type if possible and required by
     *  context.
     */
    Tree mkStable(Tree tree, Type pre, int mode, Type pt) {
	switch (tree.type) {
	case ConstantType(_, Object value):
	    return make.Literal(tree.pos, value).setType(tree.type);
	case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restp):
	    if (tparams.length == 0) {
		switch (restp) {
		case ConstantType(_, Object value):
		    return make.Literal(tree.pos, value).setType(tree.type);
		}
	    }
	}
	if ((pt != null && pt.isStable() || (mode & QUALmode) != 0) &&
	    pre.isStable()) {
	    Symbol sym = tree.symbol();
	    switch (tree.type) {
	    case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
		if ((mode & FUNmode) == 0) {
		    try {
			infer.exprAlternative(tree, alts, alttypes, pt);
			sym = tree.symbol();
		    } catch (Type.Error ex) {
			reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
		    }
		}
	    }
	    if (sym.isStable()) {
		tree.setType(Type.singleType(pre, sym));
	    }
	}
	return tree;
    }

    /** Adapt tree to given mode and given prototype
     */
    Tree adapt(Tree tree, int mode, Type pt) {
	//System.out.println(tree + ":" + tree.type + " adapt " + pt + " " + mode);//DEBUG
	switch (tree.type) {
	case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
	    // resolve overloading
	    if ((mode & FUNmode) == 0) {
		try {
		    infer.exprAlternative(tree, alts, alttypes, pt);
		} catch (Type.Error ex) {
		    reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
		}
		switch (tree.type) {
		case OverloadedType(_, _):
		    // overload resolution failed bcs no alternative matched prototype.
		    typeError(tree.pos, tree.type, pt);
		    tree.setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR).setType(Type.ErrorType);
		    break;
		default:
		    return adapt(tree, mode, pt);
		}
	    }
	    break;

	case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restp):
	    // apply parameterless functions
	    // instantiate polymorphic expressions
	    if (tparams.length == 0) {
		return adapt(tree.setType(restp), mode, pt);
	    } else if ((mode & (FUNmode | POLYmode)) == 0) {
		try {
		    tree = infer.exprInstance(tree, tparams, restp, pt);
		} catch (Type.Error ex) {
		    Context c = context;
		    while (c != Context.NONE) {
			System.out.println("context: " + c.owner);
			c = c.outer;
		    }
		    tree = error(tree.pos, ex.msg);
		}
		return adapt(tree, mode, pt);
	    }
	    break;

	case MethodType(_, _):
	    // convert unapplied methods to functions.
	    if ((mode & (EXPRmode | FUNmode)) == EXPRmode &&
		infer.isCompatible(tree.type, pt)) {
		checkEtaExpandable(tree.pos, tree.type);
		return transform(desugarize.etaExpand(tree, tree.type), mode, pt);
	    } else if ((mode & (CONSTRmode | FUNmode)) == CONSTRmode) {
		return error(tree.pos, "missing arguments for class constructor");
	    }
	}
	if ((mode & PATTERNmode) != 0) {
	    if (tree.isType()) {
		Symbol clazz = tree.type.withDefaultArgs().unalias().symbol();

		if (clazz.isCaseClass()) {
		    // set type to instantiated case class constructor
		    tree.type = tree.type.prefix().memberType(
				clazz.primaryConstructor());
			// MZ: this is a hack, but I didn't know how to do it better
			if ((clazz.flags & (JAVA | CASE)) == (JAVA | CASE)) {
			    Symbol[] altconstr = clazz.allConstructors().alternativeSymbols();
			    tree.type = tree.type.prefix().memberType(
				altconstr[altconstr.length - 1]);
			}
		    switch (tree.type) {
		    case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restp):
			try {
			    infer.constructorInstance(tree, tparams, restp, pt);
			    //System.out.println("constr inst " + ArrayApply.toString(tparams) + restp + " against " + pt + " = " + tree.type);//DEBUG
			} catch (Type.Error ex) {
			    if (pt != Type.ErrorType) error(tree.pos, ex.msg);
			    return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
			}
/*
			if (!(tree.type instanceof Type.MethodType))
			    tree = make.Apply(tree.pos, tree, Tree.EMPTY_ARRAY)
				.setType(tree.type);
*/
		    }
		} else if (clazz.isSubClass(definitions.SEQ_CLASS)) {
		    // set type to instantiated sequence class constructor
		    // todo: should we admit even supertypes of the target type?
		    Type seqtp = pt.baseType(clazz);
		    if (seqtp != Type.NoType) {
			tree.type = seqConstructorType(seqtp, pt);
		    } else {
			return error(tree.pos, "expected pattern type " + pt +
				     " does not conform to sequence " + clazz);
		    }
		} else if (tree.type != Type.ErrorType) {
		    return error(tree.pos, tree.type.symbol() +
				 " is neither a case class constructor nor a sequence class constructor");
		}
	    }
	    if ((mode & FUNmode) != 0) {
		return tree;
	    } else {
		Symbol sym = tree.symbol();
		// check that idents or selects are stable.
		switch (tree) {
		case Ident(_):
		case Select(_, _):
		    checkStable(tree);
		}
	    }
	} else if ((mode & EXPRmode) != 0) {
	    if ((mode & FUNmode) != 0) {
		if (tree.type.isObjectType()) {
		    // insert apply method
		    Symbol applyMeth = tree.type.lookup(Names.apply);
		    if (applyMeth != Symbol.NONE) {
			Type applyType = checkAccessible(
			    tree.pos, applyMeth, tree.type.memberType(applyMeth),
			    tree);
			tree = make.Select(tree.pos, tree, Names.apply)
			    .setSymbol(applyMeth)
			    .setType(applyType);
			return adapt(tree, mode, pt);
		    }
		}
	    } else if ((mode & QUALmode) == 0) {
		// check that packages and static modules are not used as values
                switch (tree) {
                case Ident(_):
                case Select(_, _):
                    Symbol sym = tree.symbol();
                    if (sym != null && sym.kind != ERROR && !sym.isValue()) {
                        error(tree.pos, tree.symbol() + " is not a value");
                    }
                }
	    }
	}

	Type owntype = tree.type;
	if ((mode & (CONSTRmode | FUNmode)) == (CONSTRmode)) {
	    owntype = owntype.instanceType();
	    // this works as for superclass constructor calls the expected
	    // type `pt' is always AnyType (see transformConstrInvocations).
	}
	if (!(owntype instanceof Type.PolyType || owntype.isSubType(pt))) {
	    switch (tree) {
	    case Literal(Object value):
		int n = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		if (value instanceof Integer)
		    n = ((Integer) value).intValue();
		else if (value instanceof Character)
		    n = ((Character) value).charValue();
		Object value1 = null;
		if (pt.symbol() == definitions.BYTE_CLASS &&
		    -128 <= n && n <= 127)
		    value1 = new Byte((byte) n);
		else if (pt.symbol() == definitions.SHORT_CLASS &&
			 -32768 <= n && n <= 32767)
		    value1 = new Short((short) n);
		else if (pt.symbol() == definitions.CHAR_CLASS &&
			 0 <= n && n <= 65535)
		    value1 = new Character((char) n);
		if (value1 != null)
		    return make.Literal(tree.pos, value1)
			.setType(Type.ConstantType(pt, value1));
		break;
	    }
	    if ((mode & EXPRmode) != 0) {
		if (pt.symbol() == definitions.UNIT_CLASS) {
		    return gen.Block(new Tree[]{tree, gen.mkUnitLit(tree.pos)});
		} else {
		    Symbol coerceMeth = tree.type.lookup(Names.coerce);
		    if (coerceMeth != Symbol.NONE) {
			Type coerceType = checkAccessible(
			    tree.pos, coerceMeth, tree.type.memberType(coerceMeth),
			    tree);
			tree = make.Select(tree.pos, tree, Names.coerce)
			    .setSymbol(coerceMeth)
			    .setType(coerceType);
			return adapt(tree, mode, pt);
		    }
		}
	    }
	    if ((mode & CONSTRmode) == 0) {
		typeError(tree.pos, owntype, pt);
		Type.explainTypes(owntype, pt);
		tree.type = Type.ErrorType;
	    } // for constructors, delay until after the `new'.
	}
	return tree;
    }
    //where
	Type seqConstructorType(Type paramtp, Type resulttp) {
	    Symbol constr = resulttp.symbol().primaryConstructor();
	    Symbol param = new TermSymbol(
		Position.NOPOS, Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD, constr, PARAM | REPEATED).setInfo(
		    paramtp.baseType(definitions.SEQ_CLASS));
	    return Type.MethodType(new Symbol[]{param}, resulttp);
	}

    /** Attribute an identifier consisting of a simple name or an outer reference.
     *  @param tree      The tree representing the identifier.
     *  @param name      The name of the identifier.
     */
    Tree transformIdent(Tree tree, Name name) {
	//System.out.println("transforming " + name);//DEBUG
	// find applicable definition and assign to `sym'
	Symbol sym = Symbol.NONE;
	Type pre;
	Tree qual = Tree.Empty;

	int stopPos = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	Context nextcontext = context;
	while (sym.kind == NONE && nextcontext != Context.NONE) {
	    sym = nextcontext.scope.lookup(name);
	    if (sym.kind != NONE) {
		stopPos = sym.pos;
	    } else {
		nextcontext = nextcontext.enclClass;
		if (nextcontext != Context.NONE) {
		    sym = nextcontext.owner.thisSym().info().lookup(name);
		    if (sym.kind != NONE) {
			stopPos = nextcontext.owner.pos;
		    } else {
			nextcontext = nextcontext.outer;
		    }
		}
	    }
	}

	// find applicable import and assign to `sym1'
	ImportList nextimports = context.imports;
	ImportList lastimports = null;
	Symbol sym1 = Symbol.NONE;

//	System.out.println("name = " + name + ", pos = " + tree.pos + ", importlist = ");//DEBUG
//	for (ImportList imp = nextimports; imp != null; imp = imp.prev) {
//	    new TextTreePrinter().print("    ").print(imp.tree).println().end();//DEBUG
//	}

	while (nextimports != null && nextimports.tree.pos >= tree.pos) {
	    nextimports = nextimports.prev;
	}
	while (sym1.kind == NONE &&
	       nextimports != null && nextimports.tree.pos > stopPos) {
	    sym1 = nextimports.importedSymbol(name);
	    lastimports = nextimports;
	    nextimports = nextimports.prev;
	}

	// evaluate what was found
	if (sym1.kind == NONE) {
	    if (sym.kind == NONE) {
		//System.out.println(name);//DEBUG
		error(tree.pos, "not found: " + decode(name));
		return tree.setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR).setType(Type.ErrorType);
	    } else {
		if (sym.owner().kind == CLASS) {
		    pre = nextcontext.enclClass.owner.thisType();
		    if (!sym.owner().isPackage()) {
			Tree qual1 = makeStableId(tree.pos, pre);
			tree = make.Select(tree.pos, qual1, name);
			//System.out.println(name + " :::> " + tree + " " + qual1.symbol());//DEBUG
		    }
		} else {
		    pre = Type.localThisType;
		}
	    }
	} else if (sym.kind != NONE && !sym.isExternal()) {
	    return error(tree.pos,
			 "reference to " + name + " is ambiguous;\n" +
			 "it is both defined in " + sym.owner() +
			 " and imported subsequently by \n" + nextimports.tree);
	} else {
	    // check that there are no other applicable imports in same scope.
	    while (nextimports != null &&
		   nextimports.enclscope == lastimports.enclscope) {
		if (!nextimports.sameImport(lastimports) &&
		    nextimports.importedSymbol(name).kind != NONE) {
		    return error(tree.pos,
				 "reference to " + name + " is ambiguous;\n" +
				 "it is imported twice in the same scope by\n    " +
				 lastimports.tree + "\nand " + nextimports.tree);
		}
		nextimports = nextimports.prev;
	    }
	    sym = sym1;
	    qual = lastimports.importPrefix().duplicate();
	    pre = qual.type;
	    //new TextTreePrinter().print(name + " => ").print(lastimports.tree).print("." + name).println().end();//DEBUG
	    tree = make.Select(tree.pos, qual, name);
	}
	Type symtype = (sym.isType() ? sym.typeConstructor() : sym.type())
	    .asSeenFrom(pre, sym.owner());
	if (qual != Tree.Empty)
	    symtype = checkAccessible(tree.pos, sym, symtype, qual);
	if (symtype == Type.NoType)
	    return error(tree.pos, "not found: " + decode(name));
	//System.out.println(name + ":" + symtype);//DEBUG
	return mkStable(tree.setSymbol(sym).setType(symtype), pre, mode, pt);
    }

    /** Attribute a selection where `tree' is `qual.name'.
     *  `qual' is already attributed.
     */
    Tree transformSelect(Tree tree, Tree qual, Name name) {
	Symbol[] uninst = Symbol.EMPTY_ARRAY;
	switch (qual.type) {
	case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restype):
	    qual = infer.mkTypeApply(qual, tparams, restype, Symbol.type(tparams));
	    uninst = tparams;
	}
	Symbol sym = qual.type.lookup(name);
	if (sym.kind == NONE) {
	    //System.out.println(qual.type + " has members " + qual.type.members());//DEBUG

	    return error(tree.pos,
			 decode(name) + " is not a member of " + qual.type.widen());
	} else {
	    Type symtype = (sym.isType() ? sym.typeConstructor() : sym.type())
		.asSeenFrom(qual.type, sym.owner());
	    if (symtype == Type.NoType)
		return error(tree.pos, "not found: " + decode(name));
	    else
		symtype = checkAccessible(tree.pos, sym, symtype, qual);
	    //System.out.println(sym.name + ":" + symtype);//DEBUG
	    if (uninst.length != 0) {
		switch (symtype) {
		case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restype):
		    symtype = Type.PolyType(
			tparams, Type.PolyType(uninst, restype));
		    break;
		default:
		    symtype = Type.PolyType(uninst, symtype);
		}
	    }
	    //System.out.println(qual.type + ".member: " + sym + ":" + symtype);//DEBUG
	    Tree tree1;
	    switch (tree) {
	    case Select(_, _):
		tree1 = copy.Select(tree, sym, qual);
		break;
	    case SelectFromType(_, _):
		tree1 = copy.SelectFromType(tree, sym, qual);
		break;
	    default:
		throw new ApplicationError();
	    }
	    return mkStable(tree1.setType(symtype), qual.type, mode, pt);
	}
    }

    /** Attribute a pattern matching expression where `pattpe' is the
     *  expected type of the patterns and `pt' is the expected type of the
     *  results.
     */
    Tree transformVisitor(Tree tree, Type pattpe, Type pt) {
	//System.out.println("trans visitor with " + pattpe + "," + pt);//DEBUG
	switch (tree) {
	case Visitor(Tree.CaseDef[] cases):
	    Tree.CaseDef[] cases1 = cases;
	    for (int i = 0; i < cases.length; i++)
		cases1[i] = transformCase(cases[i], pattpe, pt);

	    return copy.Visitor(tree, cases1)
		.setType(Type.lub(Tree.typeOf(cases1)));
	default:
	    throw new ApplicationError();
	}
    }

    /** Attribute a case where `pattpe' is the expected type of the pattern
     *  and `pt' is the expected type of the result.
     */
    Tree.CaseDef transformCase(Tree.CaseDef tree, Type pattpe, Type pt) {
	switch (tree) {
	case CaseDef(Tree pat, Tree guard, Tree body):
	    pushContext(tree, context.owner, new Scope(context.scope));
	    this.inAlternative = false;       // no vars allowed below Alternative
	    Tree pat1 = transform(pat, PATTERNmode, pattpe);
	    Tree guard1 = (guard == Tree.Empty) ? Tree.Empty
		: transform(guard, EXPRmode, definitions.BOOLEAN_TYPE());
	    Tree body1 = transform(body, EXPRmode, pt);
	    popContext();
	    return (Tree.CaseDef) copy.CaseDef(tree, pat1, guard1, body1)
		.setType(body1.type);
	default:
	    throw new ApplicationError();
	}
    }

    Tree[] transformStatSeq(Tree[] stats, Symbol exprOwner) {
	Tree[] stats1 = stats;
	for (int i = 0; i < stats.length; i++) {
	    Tree stat = stats[i];
	    if (context.owner.isCompoundSym() && !TreeInfo.isDeclaration(stat)) {
		error(stat.pos, "only declarations allowed here");
	    }
	    Tree stat1;
	    int mode = TreeInfo.isDefinition(stat) ? NOmode : EXPRmode;
	    if (exprOwner.kind != NONE && !TreeInfo.isDefinition(stat)) {
		pushContext(stat, exprOwner, context.scope);
		stat1 = transform(stat, mode);
		popContext();
	    } else {
		stat1 = transform(stat, mode);
	    }
	    // todo: if we comment next 4 lines out, test/pos/scoping2 fails.
	    // find out why
	    if (stat1 != stat && stats1 == stats) {
		stats1 = new Tree[stats.length];
		System.arraycopy(stats, 0, stats1, 0, i);
	    }
	    stats1[i] = stat1;
	}
	return stats1;
    }

    /** Attribute a sequence of constructor invocations.
     */
    Tree[] transformConstrInvocations(int pos, Tree[] constrs) {
	for (int i = 0; i < constrs.length; i++) {
	    constrs[i] = transform(constrs[i], CONSTRmode | SUPERmode, Type.AnyType);
	    Symbol f = TreeInfo.methSymbol(constrs[i]);
	    if (f != null) {
		Symbol c = f.constructorClass();
		if (c.kind == CLASS) {
		    c.initialize();//to detect cycles
		    if (i > 0 && (c.flags & JAVA) == 0 && c.isExternal()) {
			// need to load tree for mixins
			new SourceCompleter(global, true).complete(c);
		    }
		}
	    }
	}
	return constrs;
    }

    void transformConstrInvocationArgs(Tree[] constrs) {
	for (int i = 0; i < constrs.length; i++) {
	    switch (constrs[i]) {
	    case Apply(Tree fn, Tree[] args):
		if (fn.type instanceof Type.MethodType)
		    transformArgs(
			constrs[i].pos, TreeInfo.methSymbol(fn), Symbol.EMPTY_ARRAY,
			fn.type, EXPRmode, args, Type.AnyType);
	    }
	}
    }

    /** Attribute a template
     */
    public Tree.Template transformTemplate(Tree.Template templ, Symbol owner) {
	if (global.debug) global.log("transforming template of " + owner);//debug
	if (templ.type == null)
	    defineTemplate(templ, owner, owner.members());//may happen for mixins
	//System.out.println(owner.info());//DEBUG
	Tree[] parents = templ.parents;
	transformConstrInvocationArgs(parents);
	if (owner.kind != ERROR) {
	    validateParentClasses(parents, owner.info().parents(), owner.typeOfThis());
	}
	pushContext(templ, owner, owner.members());
	templ.setSymbol(TermSymbol.newLocalDummy(owner));
	Tree[] body1 = transformStatSeq(templ.body, templ.symbol());
	popContext();
	if (owner.isTrait()) {
	    for (int i = 0; i < parents.length; i++) {
		checkPureConstr(parents[i], owner);
		if (i >= 1) checkTrait(parents[i], owner);
	    }
	    for (int i = 0; i < templ.body.length; i++)
		checkPureDef(body1[i], owner);
	}
	Tree.Template templ1 = copy.Template(templ, parents, body1);
	templ1.setType(owner.type());
	return templ1;
    }

    /** Attribute an argument list.
     *  @param pos      Position for error reporting
     *  @param meth     The symbol of the called method, or `null' if none exists.
     *  @param tparams  The type parameters that need to be instantiated
     *  @param methtype The method's type w/o type parameters
     *  @param argMode  The argument mode (either EXPRmode or PATTERNmode)
     *  @param args     The actual arguments
     *  @param pt       The proto-resulttype.
     *  @return         The vector of instantiated argument types, or null if error.
     */
    Type[] transformArgs(int pos, Symbol meth, Symbol[] tparams, Type methtype,
			 int argMode, Tree[] args, Type pt) {
	//System.out.println("trans args " + meth + ArrayApply.toString(tparams) + ":" + methtype + "," + pt);//DEBUG
	Type[] argtypes = new Type[args.length];
	switch (methtype) {
	case MethodType(Symbol[] params, Type restp):
	    Type[] formals = infer.formalTypes(params, args.length);
	    if (formals.length != args.length) {
		error(pos, "wrong number of arguments for " +
		      (meth == null ? "<function>" : meth) +
		      ArrayApply.toString(formals, "(", ",", ")"));
		return null;
	    }
	    if (tparams.length == 0) {
		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
		    args[i] = transform(args[i], argMode, formals[i]);
		    argtypes[i] = args[i].type.deconst();
		}
	    } else {
		// targs: the type arguments inferred from the prototype
		Type[] targs = infer.protoTypeArgs(tparams, restp, pt, params);

		// argpts: prototypes for arguments
		Type[] argpts = new Type[formals.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < formals.length; i++)
		    argpts[i] = formals[i].subst(tparams, targs);

 		// transform arguments with [targs/tparams]formals as prototypes
		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
		    args[i] = transform(
			args[i], argMode | POLYmode, formals[i].subst(tparams, targs));

		// targs1: same as targs except that every AnyType is mapped to
		// formal parameter type.
		Type[] targs1 = new Type[targs.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < targs.length; i++)
		    targs1[i] = (targs[i] != Type.AnyType) ? targs[i]
			: tparams[i].type();

		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
		    argtypes[i] = args[i].type.deconst();
		    switch (argtypes[i]) {
		    case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams1, Type restype1):
			argtypes[i] = infer.argumentTypeInstance(
			    tparams1, restype1,
			    formals[i].subst(tparams, targs1),
			    argpts[i]);
		    }
		}
	    }
	    //   desugarizing ident patterns
	    if (params.length > 0 &&
		(params[params.length - 1].flags & REPEATED) != 0) {
		if (( mode & PATTERNmode ) != 0 ) {
		    desug_allIdentPatterns( args, context.owner );
		} else {
		    assert (args.length != params.length ||
			    !(args[params.length-1] instanceof Tree.Sequence));
		}
	    }
	    return argtypes;

	case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams1, Type restp):
	    Symbol[] tparams2;
	    if (tparams.length == 0) tparams2 = tparams1;
	    else {
		tparams2 = new Symbol[tparams.length + tparams1.length];
		System.arraycopy(tparams, 0, tparams2, 0, tparams.length);
		System.arraycopy(tparams1, 0, tparams2, tparams.length, tparams1.length);
	    }
	    return transformArgs(pos, meth, tparams2, restp, argMode, args, pt);

	case Type.ErrorType:
	    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
		args[i] = transform(args[i], argMode, Type.ErrorType);
		argtypes[i] = args[i].type.deconst();
	    }
	    return argtypes;

	default:
	    for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
		args[i] = transform(args[i], argMode, Type.AnyType);
		argtypes[i] = args[i].type.deconst();
	    }
	    return argtypes;
	}
    }

    /** Atribute an expression or pattern with prototype `pt'.
     *  Check that expression's type conforms to `pt'.
     *  Resolve overloading and apply parameterless functions.
     *  Insert `apply' function if needed.
     */
    Tree transform(Tree tree, int mode, Type pt) {
	int savedMode = this.mode;
	Type savedPt = this.pt;
	this.mode = mode;
	this.pt = pt;
	Tree tree1 = adapt(transform(tree), mode, pt);

	assert tree.type != Type.AnyType : tree;//debug

	//new TextTreePrinter().print(tree1).print(": " + tree1.type).println().end();//DEBUG

	this.mode = savedMode;
	this.pt = savedPt;
	return tree1;
    }

    /** Transform expression or type with a given mode.
     */
    public Tree transform(Tree tree, int mode) {
	if ((mode & (EXPRmode | PATTERNmode | CONSTRmode)) != 0)
	    return transform(tree, mode, Type.AnyType);

	int savedMode = this.mode;
	this.mode = mode;
	Tree tree1 = transform(tree);
	this.mode = savedMode;

	if ((mode & TYPEmode) != 0) {
	    Symbol sym = tree1.symbol();
	    if ((mode & FUNmode) == 0 &&
		sym != null && sym.typeParams().length != 0)
		return error(tree.pos, sym + " takes type parameters.");
//	else if (tree1.isType())
//	    return gen.mkType(tree1.pos, tree1.type);
	}
	return tree1;
    }

    Tree[] transform(Tree[] trees, int mode) {
	for (int i = 0; i < trees.length; i++)
	    trees[i] = transform(trees[i], mode);
	return trees;
    }

    /** The main attribution function
     */
    public Tree transform(Tree tree) {
	//System.out.println("transforming " + tree);//DEBUG
	if (tree.type != null) {
	    checkDefined.all = tree; checkDefined.traverse(tree);//debug
	    return tree;
	}
	Symbol sym = tree.symbol();
	if (sym != null && !sym.isInitialized()) sym.initialize();
	if (global.debug && TreeInfo.isDefinition(tree)) global.log("transforming definition of " + sym);
	try {
	    switch (tree) {

	    case Bad():
		return tree.setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR).setType(Type.ErrorType);

	    case Empty:
		tree.type = Type.NoType;
		return tree;

	    case PackageDef(Tree pkg, Tree.Template templ):
		switch (templ) {
		case Template(Tree[] parents, Tree[] body):
		    Symbol pkgSym = pkg.symbol();
		    if (pkgSym != null && pkgSym.isPackage()) {
			pushContext(templ, pkgSym, pkgSym.members());
			Tree[] body1 = transform(body);
			popContext();
			Tree.Template templ1 = copy.Template(templ, parents, body1);
			templ1.setType(Type.NoType).setSymbol(Symbol.NONE);
			return copy.PackageDef(tree, pkg, templ1)
			    .setType(Type.NoType);
		    }
		}
		return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);

	    case ClassDef(_, _, Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree.ValDef[][] vparams, Tree tpe, Tree.Template templ):
		pushContext(
		    tree, sym.primaryConstructor(), new Scope(context.scope));
		reenterParams(tparams, vparams, sym.primaryConstructor().type());
		Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams1 = transform(tparams);
		Tree.ValDef[][] vparams1 = transform(vparams);
		checkNoEscapeParams(vparams1);
		Tree tpe1 = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		if ((sym.flags & CASE) != 0 && vparams.length > 0 && templ.type == null)
		    templ.body = desugarize.addCaseElements(templ.body, vparams[0]);

		Tree.Template templ1 = transformTemplate(templ, sym);
		checkNoEscape(tree.pos, sym.info());
		popContext();
		return copy.ClassDef(tree, sym, tparams1, vparams1, tpe1, templ1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case ModuleDef(_, _, Tree tpe, Tree.Template templ):
		sym.moduleClass().initialize();
		Tree tpe1 = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		Tree.Template templ1 = transformTemplate(templ, sym.moduleClass());
		if (tpe1 != Tree.Empty && !templ1.type.isSubType(tpe1.type))
		    error(tree.pos,
			sym + " does not implement " + tpe1.type);
		return copy.ModuleDef(tree, sym, tpe1, templ1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case DefDef(_, Name name, Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree.ValDef[][] vparams, Tree tpe, Tree rhs):
		pushContext(tree, sym, new Scope(context.scope));
		reenterParams(tparams, vparams, sym.type());
		if (name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR)
		    context.enclClass.owner.flags |= INCONSTRUCTOR;
		Tree.AbsTypeDef[] tparams1 = transform(tparams);
		Tree.ValDef[][] vparams1 = transform(vparams);
		checkNoEscapeParams(vparams1);
		Tree tpe1 = (tpe == Tree.Empty)
		    ? gen.mkType(tree.pos, sym.type().resultType())
		    : transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		Tree rhs1 = rhs;
		if (rhs1 != Tree.Empty) {
		    rhs1 = transform(
			rhs,
			(name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR) ? CONSTRmode : EXPRmode,
			tpe1.type);
		}
		popContext();
		context.enclClass.owner.flags &= ~INCONSTRUCTOR;
		sym.flags |= LOCKED;
		checkNonCyclic(tree.pos, tpe1.type);
		sym.flags &= ~LOCKED;
		return copy.DefDef(tree, sym, tparams1, vparams1, tpe1, rhs1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case ValDef(_, _, Tree tpe, Tree rhs):
		Tree tpe1 = (tpe == Tree.Empty)
		    ? gen.mkType(tree.pos, sym.type())
		    : transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		Tree rhs1 = rhs;
		if (rhs != Tree.Empty) {
		    pushContext(tree, sym, context.scope);
		    rhs1 = transform(rhs, EXPRmode, tpe1.type);
		    popContext();
		} else if ((sym.flags & (MUTABLE | DEFERRED)) == MUTABLE) {
		    rhs1 = gen.mkDefaultValue(tree.pos, sym.type());
		}
		sym.flags |= LOCKED;
		checkNonCyclic(tree.pos, tpe1.type);
		sym.flags &= ~LOCKED;
		return copy.ValDef(tree, sym, tpe1, rhs1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case AbsTypeDef(_, _, Tree rhs, Tree lobound):
		Tree rhs1 = transform(rhs, TYPEmode);
		Tree lobound1 = transform(lobound, TYPEmode);
		checkNonCyclic(tree.pos, sym.type());
		return copy.AbsTypeDef(tree, sym, rhs1, lobound1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case AliasTypeDef(_, _, AbsTypeDef[] tparams, Tree rhs):
		pushContext(tree, sym.primaryConstructor(), new Scope(context.scope));
		reenterParams(tparams, sym.typeParams());
		AbsTypeDef[] tparams1 = transform(tparams);
		Tree rhs1 = transform(rhs, TYPEmode);
		popContext();
		checkNonCyclic(tree.pos, sym.type());
		return copy.AliasTypeDef(tree, sym, tparams1, rhs1)
		    .setType(Type.NoType);

	    case Import(Tree expr, Name[] selectors):
		context.imports = new ImportList(tree, context.scope, context.imports);
		return Tree.Empty;

	    case Block(Tree[] stats):
		pushContext(tree, context.owner, new Scope(context.scope));
		Tree[] stats1 = desugarize.Statements(stats, true);
		enterSyms(stats1);
		context.imports = context.outer.imports;
		Type owntype;
		int curmode = mode;
		if ((curmode & CONSTRmode) != 0) {
		    stats1[0] = transform(stats1[0], curmode, pt);
		    context.enclClass.owner.flags &= ~INCONSTRUCTOR;
		    for (int i = 1; i < stats1.length; i++)
			stats1[i] = transform(stats1[i], EXPRmode);
		    owntype = stats1[0].type;
		} else {
		    for (int i = 0; i < stats1.length - 1; i++)
			stats1[i] = transform(stats1[i], EXPRmode);
		    if (stats1.length > 0) {
			stats1[stats1.length - 1] =
			    transform(stats1[stats1.length - 1], curmode & ~FUNmode, pt);
			owntype = checkNoEscape(tree.pos, stats1[stats1.length - 1].type);
		    } else {
			owntype = definitions.UNIT_TYPE();
		    }
		}
		popContext();
		return copy.Block(tree, stats1)
		    .setType(owntype);

            case Sequence( Tree[] trees ):
                for( int i = 0; i < trees.length; i++ ) {
		    trees[ i ] = transform( trees[ i ],
					    this.mode | SEQUENCEmode,
					    pt);
                }
                return copy.Sequence( tree, trees ).setType( pt );

	    case Alternative(Tree[] choices):
		boolean save = this.inAlternative;
		this.inAlternative = true;

		Tree[] newts = new Tree[ choices.length ];
		for (int i = 0; i < choices.length; i++ )
		    newts[ i ] = transform( choices[ i ], this.mode, pt );

		//Type tpe = Type.lub( Tree.typeOf( newts ));

		this.inAlternative = save;

		return copy.Alternative( tree, newts )
		    .setType( pt );

	    case Bind( Name name, Tree body ):
                Symbol vble = null;
                if( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) {
                    vble = new TermSymbol(tree.pos,
                                          name,
                                          context.owner,
                                          0x00000000 ).setType( pt );
                    vble = enterInScope( vble );
                    //System.out.println("Bind("+name+",...) enters in scope:"+vble.fullNameString());

                    patternVars.put( vble, new Boolean( this.inAlternative ));
                    //System.out.println("case Bind.. put symbol vble="+vble+" in scope and patternVars.");
                }
		body = transform( body );
                if( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) {
                    //assert body.type != null;
                    if( TreeInfo.isSequenceValued( body ) ) {
                        vble.setType( definitions.LIST_TYPE(pt) );
                    } else {
                        vble.setType( body.type );
                    }
                    return copy.Bind( tree, name, body )
                        .setSymbol( vble ).setType( body.type );
		}
                return body;
	    case Visitor(Tree.CaseDef[] cases):
		if (pt.symbol().isSubClass(definitions.PARTIALFUNCTION_CLASS)) {
		    Type pft = pt.baseType(definitions.PARTIALFUNCTION_CLASS);
		    Type[] pftargs = pft.typeArgs();
		    if (pftargs.length == 2 && infer.isFullyDefined(pftargs[0])) {
			Type pattype = pftargs[0];
			Type restype = pftargs[1];
			Tree isDefinedAtVisitor = transformVisitor(
			    desugarize.isDefinedAtVisitor(tree),
			    pattype, definitions.BOOLEAN_TYPE());
			Tree applyVisitor = transformVisitor(tree, pattype, restype);
			if (!infer.isFullyDefined(restype))
			    restype = applyVisitor.type.deconst();
			if (definitions.PARTIALFUNCTION_CLASS.isExternal())
			    // need to load tree for mixins
			    new SourceCompleter(global, true).complete(
				definitions.PARTIALFUNCTION_CLASS);
			return gen.mkPartialFunction(
			    tree.pos, applyVisitor, isDefinedAtVisitor,
			    pattype, restype, context.owner);
		    } else {
			return error(tree.pos, "expected pattern type of cases could not be determined");
		    }
		} else {
		    return transform(desugarize.Visitor(tree));
		}

	    case Assign(Apply(_, _), _):
		return transform(desugarize.Update(tree));

	    case Assign(Tree lhs, Tree rhs):
		Tree lhs1 = transform(lhs, EXPRmode);
		Symbol varsym = lhs1.symbol();
		if (isSetterMethod(varsym)) {
		    // todo: change this to require setters in same template
		    return transform(desugarize.Assign(tree.pos, lhs, rhs));
		} else if (varsym != null && (varsym.flags & MUTABLE) != 0) {
		    Tree rhs1 = transform(rhs, EXPRmode, lhs1.type);
		    return copy.Assign(tree, lhs1, rhs1)
			.setType(definitions.UNIT_TYPE());
		} else {
		    if (lhs1.type != Type.ErrorType)
			error(tree.pos, "assignment to non-variable ");
		    return errorTree(tree.pos);
		}

	    case If(Tree cond, Tree thenp, Tree elsep):
		Tree cond1 = transform(cond, EXPRmode, definitions.BOOLEAN_TYPE());
		Tree thenp1, elsep1;
		if (elsep == Tree.Empty) {
		    thenp1 = transform(thenp, EXPRmode, definitions.UNIT_TYPE());
		    elsep1 = make.Block(tree.pos, Tree.EMPTY_ARRAY)
			.setType(definitions.UNIT_TYPE());
		} else {
		    thenp1 = transform(thenp, EXPRmode, pt);
		    elsep1 = transform(elsep, EXPRmode, pt);
		}
		return copy.If(tree, cond1, thenp1, elsep1)
		    .setType(Type.lub(new Type[]{thenp1.type, elsep1.type}));

	    case Throw(Tree expr):
		Tree expr1 = transform(
		    expr, EXPRmode, definitions.JAVA_THROWABLE_TYPE());
		return gen.Select(tree.pos, expr1, definitions.JAVA_THROWABLE_THROW);

	    case Return(Tree expr):
		if (!context.owner.isInitialized()) {
		    return error(tree.pos, "method with return needs result type");
		} else {
		    Symbol enclFun = context.owner.enclMethod();
		    if (enclFun.kind == VAL && !enclFun.isConstructor()) {
			Tree expr1 = transform(
			    expr, EXPRmode, enclFun.type().resultType());
			return copy.Return(tree, expr1)
			    .setSymbol(enclFun).setType(definitions.ALL_TYPE());
		    } else {
			return error(tree.pos, "return outside method definition");
		    }
		}

	    case New(Tree.Template templ):
		switch (templ) {
	        case Template(Tree[] parents, Tree[] body):
		    if (parents.length == 1 && body.length == 0) {
			Tree parent1 = transform(parents[0], CONSTRmode, pt);
			Type owntype = parent1.type;
			Tree.Template templ1 = (Tree.Template)
			    copy.Template(templ, Symbol.NONE, new Tree[]{parent1}, body)
			    .setType(owntype);
			checkInstantiatable(tree.pos, owntype);
			return copy.New(tree, templ1)
			    .setType(owntype.instanceType());
		    } else {
			pushContext(tree, context.owner, new Scope(context.scope));
			Tree cd = make.ClassDef(
			    templ.pos,
			    0,
			    Names.ANON_CLASS_NAME.toTypeName(),
			    Tree.AbsTypeDef_EMPTY_ARRAY,
			    new ValDef[][]{Tree.ValDef_EMPTY_ARRAY},
			    Tree.Empty,
			    templ);
			//new TextTreePrinter().print(cd).println().end();//DEBUG
			enterSym(cd);
			cd = transform(cd);
			Symbol clazz = cd.symbol();
			if (clazz.kind != CLASS) return errorTree(tree.pos);

			// compute template's type with new refinement scope.
			Type[] parentTypes = clazz.info().parents();
			Scope refinement = new Scope();
			Type base = Type.compoundTypeWithOwner(context.enclClass.owner, parentTypes, Scope.EMPTY);
			Type owntype = Type.compoundType(
			    parentTypes, refinement, clazz);
			Scope.SymbolIterator it = clazz.members().iterator();
			while (it.hasNext()) {
			    Symbol sym1 = it.next();
			    Symbol basesym1 = base.lookupNonPrivate(sym1.name);
			    if (basesym1.kind != NONE &&
				!base.symbol().thisType().memberType(basesym1)
				    .isSameAs(sym1.type()))
				refinement.enter(sym1);
			}
			if (refinement.isEmpty() &&
			    parentTypes.length == 1)
			    owntype = parentTypes[0];
			else
			    owntype = checkNoEscape(tree.pos, owntype);

			Tree alloc =
			    gen.New(
				gen.Apply(
				    gen.mkRef(
					tree.pos,
					Type.localThisType,
					clazz.primaryConstructor()),
				Tree.EMPTY_ARRAY))
			    .setType(owntype);
			popContext();
			return make.Block(tree.pos, new Tree[]{cd, alloc})
			  .setType(owntype);
		    }
		default:
		    throw new ApplicationError();
		}

	    case Typed(Tree expr, Tree tpe):
                switch( expr ) {
		case Ident(Name n):
                    if ((n!=Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD)
                        &&((mode & PATTERNmode) != 0)) {
                        return transform( desugarize.TypedPattern( (Typed) tree ),
                                          mode,
                                          pt );
                    }
                }
		Tree expr1;
		Tree tpe1;
		switch (tpe) {
		case Ident(TypeNames.WILDCARD_STAR):
		    expr1 = transform(
			expr, mode & baseModes, definitions.SEQ_TYPE(pt));
		    Type[] elemtps = expr1.type.baseType(definitions.SEQ_CLASS).
			typeArgs();
		    Type elemtp = (elemtps.length == 1) ? elemtps[0]
			: Type.ErrorType;
		    tpe1 = tpe.setType(elemtp);
		    break;
                default:
                    tpe1 = transform(tpe, TYPEmode);
		    expr1 = transform(expr, mode & baseModes, tpe1.type);
		}
		return copy.Typed(tree, expr1, tpe1).setType(tpe1.type);

	    case Function(Tree.ValDef[] vparams, Tree body):
		pushContext(tree, context.owner, new Scope(context.scope));
		Type restype = desugarize.preFunction(vparams, pt);
		enterParams(vparams);
		Tree.ValDef[] vparams1 = transform(vparams);
		Tree body1 = transform(body, EXPRmode, restype);
		if (!infer.isFullyDefined(restype)) restype = body1.type.deconst();
		popContext();
		return gen.mkFunction(
		    tree.pos, vparams1, body1, restype, context.owner);

	    case TypeApply(Tree fn, Tree[] args):
		Tree fn1 = transform(
		    fn, (mode & (EXPRmode | CONSTRmode)) | FUNmode, Type.AnyType);
		Tree[] args1 = transform(args, TYPEmode);
		Type[] argtypes = Tree.typeOf(args1);

		// propagate errors in arguments
		for (int i = 0; i < argtypes.length; i++) {
		    if (argtypes[i] == Type.ErrorType) {
			return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		    }
		}

		// resolve overloading
		switch (fn1.type) {
		case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
		    try {
			infer.polyAlternative(fn1, alts, alttypes, args.length);
		    } catch (Type.Error ex) {
			reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
		    }
		}

		// match against arguments
		switch (fn1.type) {
		case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restp):
		    if (tparams.length == argtypes.length) {
			// constant fold asInstanceOf calls.
			switch (fn1) {
			case Select(Tree qual, Name name):
			    if (fn1.symbol() == definitions.ANY_AS &&
				qual.type instanceof Type.ConstantType) {
				Type restp1 = constfold.foldAsInstanceOf(
				    tree.pos,
				    (Type.ConstantType)qual.type,
				    argtypes[0]);
				switch (restp1) {
				case ConstantType(_, Object value):
				    return make.Literal(tree.pos, value)
					.setType(restp1);
				}
			    }
			}
			return constfold.tryToFold(
			    copy.TypeApply(tree, fn1, args1)
			    .setType(restp.subst(tparams, argtypes)));
		    }
		    break;
		case ErrorType:
		    return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		}
		return error(tree.pos,
		    infer.toString(fn1.symbol(), fn1.type) +
		    " cannot be applied to " +
		    ArrayApply.toString(argtypes, "[", ",", "]"));

	    case Apply(Tree fn, Tree[] args):
		mode = mode & ~SEQUENCEmode;
		Tree fn1;
		int argMode;
		boolean selfcc = false;
		//todo: Should we pass in both cases a methodtype with
		// AnyType's for args as a prototype?
		if ((mode & EXPRmode) != 0) {
		    fn1 = transform(fn, mode | FUNmode, Type.AnyType);
		    argMode = EXPRmode;
		} else if ((mode & PATTERNmode) != 0) {
		    fn1 = transform(fn, mode | FUNmode, pt);
		    argMode = PATTERNmode;
		} else {
		    assert (mode & CONSTRmode) != 0;
		    fn1 = transform(fn, mode | FUNmode, Type.AnyType);
		    argMode = EXPRmode;

		    // convert type to constructor
		    Symbol tsym = TreeInfo.methSymbol(fn1);
		    if (tsym.kind != ERROR) {
			assert tsym.isType() : tsym;
			switch (fn1.type.withDefaultArgs().unalias()) {
			case TypeRef(Type pre, Symbol c, Type[] argtypes):
			    if (c.kind != CLASS) {
				error(tree.pos,
				      tsym + " is not a class; cannot be instantiated");
			    } else if (!pre.isStable()) {
				error(tree.pos, pre + " is not a legal prefix for a constructor");
			    } else {
				c.initialize();
				Symbol constr = c.allConstructors();
				Tree fn0 = fn1;
				fn1 = gen.mkRef(fn1.pos, pre, constr);
				switch (fn1) {
				case Select(Tree fn1qual, _):
				    fn1.type = checkAccessible(
					fn1.pos, constr, fn1.type, fn1qual);
				}
				if (tsym == c) {
				    switch (fn0) {
				    case AppliedType(_, Tree[] targs):
					fn1 = gen.TypeApply(fn1, targs);
				    }
				} else {
				    // it was an alias type
				    // todo: handle overloaded constructors
				    if (argtypes.length != 0)
					fn1 = gen.TypeApply(
					    fn1, gen.mkTypes(fn1.pos, argtypes));
				    if (tsym.typeParams().length != 0 &&
					!(fn0 instanceof AppliedType))
					fn1.type = Type.PolyType(
					    tsym.typeParams(), fn1.type);
				}
				//System.out.println(TreeInfo.methSymbol(fn1) + ":" + tp + " --> " + fn1.type + " of " + fn1);//DEBUG
				selfcc = TreeInfo.isSelfConstrCall(fn0);
			    }
			    break;
			default:
			    error(tree.pos,
				  tsym + " is not a class; cannot be instantiated");
			}
		    }
		}

		// if function is overloaded with one alternative
		// whose arity matches argument length, preselect this alternative.
		switch (fn1.type) {
		case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
		    int matching1 = -1;
		    int matching2 = -1;
		    for (int i = 0; i < alttypes.length; i++) {
			Type alttp = alttypes[i];
			switch (alttp) {
			case PolyType(_, Type restp): alttp = restp;
			}
			switch (alttp) {
			case MethodType(Symbol[] params, _):
			    if (params.length == args.length ||
				params.length > 0 &&
				args.length >= params.length - 1 &&
				(params[params.length-1].flags & REPEATED) != 0) {
				matching2 = matching1;
				matching1 = i;
			    }
			}
		    }
		    if (matching1 >= 0 && matching2 < 0)
			fn1.setSymbol(alts[matching1]).setType(alttypes[matching1]);
		}

		// handle the case of application of match to a visitor specially
		if (args.length == 1 && args[0] instanceof Visitor) {
		    Type pattp = matchQualType(fn1);
		    if (pattp == Type.ErrorType) {
			return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		    } else if (pattp != Type.NoType) {
			if (infer.isFullyDefined(pattp) &&
			    !(fn1.type instanceof Type.PolyType &&
			      pattp.containsSome(fn1.type.typeParams()))) {
			    Tree fn2 = desugarize.postMatch(fn1, context.enclClass.owner);
			    Tree arg1 = transformVisitor(args[0], pattp, pt);
			    return copy.Apply(tree, fn2, new Tree[]{arg1})
				.setType(arg1.type);
			} else {
			    return error(tree.pos, "expected pattern type of cases could not be determined");
			}
		    }
		}

		// return prematurely if function is a superclass constructor
		// and no type arguments need to be inferred.
		if ((mode & SUPERmode) != 0 && fn1.type instanceof Type.MethodType)
		    return copy.Apply(tree, fn1, args).setType(fn1.type.resultType());

		// type arguments with formals as prototypes if they exist.
		fn1.type = infer.freshInstance(fn1.type);

		Type[] argtypes = transformArgs(
		    tree.pos, fn1.symbol(), Symbol.EMPTY_ARRAY, fn1.type, argMode, args, pt);

		// propagate errors in arguments
		if (argtypes == null) {
		    return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < argtypes.length; i++) {
		    if (argtypes[i] == Type.ErrorType) {
			return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		    }
		}

		// resolve overloading1g
		switch (fn1.type) {
		case OverloadedType(Symbol[] alts, Type[] alttypes):
		    try {
			infer.methodAlternative(fn1, alts, alttypes, argtypes, pt);
		    } catch (Type.Error ex) {
			reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
		    }
		}

		// check that self constructors go backwards.
		if (selfcc) {
		    Symbol constr = TreeInfo.methSymbol(fn1);
		    if (constr != null && constr.kind == VAL &&
			!(constr.type() instanceof Type.OverloadedType) &&
			constr.pos > tree.pos)
			error(tree.pos,
			      "illegal forward reference to self constructor");
		}

		switch (fn1.type) {
		case PolyType(Symbol[] tparams, Type restp):
		    // if method is polymorphic,
		    // infer instance, and adapt arguments to instantiated formals
		    try {
			fn1 = infer.methodInstance(fn1, tparams, restp, argtypes, pt);
			//System.out.println(fn1 + ":" + fn1.type);//DEBUG
		    } catch (Type.Error ex) {
			reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
		    }

		    switch (fn1.type) {
		    case MethodType(Symbol[] params, Type restp1):
			Type[] formals = infer.formalTypes(params, args.length);
			for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
			    args[i] = adapt(args[i], argMode, formals[i]);
                            switch( args[ i ] ) {
                            case Typed(Tree arg, Ident(TypeNames.WILDCARD_STAR)):
                                if( i != args.length - 1 ) {
                                    error( arg.pos, "escape only allowed in last position");
                                } else if ( args.length > params.length ) {
                                    error( arg.pos, "escaping cannot be mixed with values");
                                }
                            }
			}
			return constfold.tryToFold(
			    copy.Apply(tree, fn1, args)
			    .setType(restp1));
		    }
		    break;
		case MethodType(Symbol[] params, Type restp):
		    // if method is monomorphic,
		    // check that it can be applied to arguments.
		    if (infer.isApplicable(fn1.type, argtypes, Type.AnyType)) {
			return constfold.tryToFold(
			    copy.Apply(tree, fn1, args)
			    .setType(restp));
		    }

                    // if method signature contains iterated type,
                    // check that possible escaping of sequences happens in the right place
                    if (params.length > 0 &&
                        args.length >= params.length - 1 &&
                        (params[params.length-1].flags & REPEATED) != 0) {
                        System.err.println(" method sign contains iterated type! ");
                    }

		}

		if (fn1.type == Type.ErrorType)
		    return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);

		//new TextTreePrinter().print(tree).println().end();//DEBUG
		return error(tree.pos,
		    infer.applyErrorMsg(
			"", fn1, " cannot be applied to ", argtypes, pt));

	    case Super(Name qualifier, Name mixin):
		Symbol clazz = qualifyingClass(tree, qualifier);
                tree.setSymbol(clazz);
                if (clazz == Symbol.ERROR) return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
		Type[] parents = clazz.parents();
		if (mixin == TypeNames.EMPTY) {
		    return tree.setType(parents[0].instanceType());
		} else {
		    for (int i = 1; i < parents.length; i++) {
			if (parents[i].symbol().name == mixin) {
			    return tree.setType(parents[i].instanceType());
			}
		    }
		    return error(tree.pos,
			mixin + " does not name a mixin base class of " + clazz);
		}

	    case This(Name name):
		Symbol clazz = qualifyingClass(tree, name);
                tree.setSymbol(clazz);
                if (clazz == Symbol.ERROR) return tree.setType(Type.ErrorType);
 		return tree.setType(
 		    (pt != null && pt.isStable() || (mode & QUALmode) != 0)
 		    ? clazz.thisType() : clazz.typeOfThis());

	    case Select(Tree qual, Name name):
		int qualmode = EXPRmode | POLYmode | QUALmode;
		Tree qual1 = transform(qual, qualmode);
		if (name.isTypeName())
		    qual1 = checkStable(qual1);
		return transformSelect(
		    tree, adapt(qual1, qualmode, Type.AnyType), name);

	    case Ident(Name name):
		if (name == Names.CONSTRUCTOR) {
		    assert (mode & CONSTRmode) != 0 : tree;
		    return copy.Ident(tree, context.enclClass.owner)
                        .setType(context.enclClass.owner.type());
		} else if (((mode & (PATTERNmode | FUNmode)) == PATTERNmode) &&
			     name.isVariable()) {

                      Symbol vble, vble2 = null;

		      // if vble is bound with @, there is already a symbol
                      if( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) {
                            vble2 = context.scope.lookup( name );
		      }
                      if ( patternVars.containsKey( vble2 ) )
                            vble = vble2;
                      else {

                            vble = name == Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD
                                ? definitions.PATTERN_WILDCARD
                                : new TermSymbol(tree.pos,
                                                  name,
                                                  context.owner,
                                                  0).setType( pt );

			    //if((( mode & SEQUENCEmode) != 0)&&( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD )) {
			    if( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) {
				// x => x @ _ in sequence patterns
				tree = desugarize.IdentPattern( tree );
			    }

		      }
		      if ( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) enterInScope(vble);
		      return tree.setSymbol(vble).setType(pt);
		} else {
		    return transformIdent(tree, name);
		}

	    case Literal(Object value):
		return tree.setType(Type.constantType(value));

	    case LabelDef(Name name, Ident[] params, Tree body):
		assert params.length == 0;
		pushContext(tree, context.owner, new Scope(context.scope));
		Symbol lsym = new TermSymbol(tree.pos, name, context.owner, LABEL);
		lsym.setInfo(
		    Type.MethodType(Symbol.EMPTY_ARRAY, definitions.UNIT_TYPE()));
		context.scope.enter(lsym);
		Tree body1 = transform(body, mode, pt);
		popContext();
		return copy.LabelDef(tree, lsym, params, body1)
		    .setSymbol(lsym).setType(definitions.UNIT_TYPE());

	    case TypeTerm():
		return tree;

	    case SingletonType(Tree ref):
		Tree ref1 = transform(ref, EXPRmode | QUALmode, Type.AnyType);
		return copy.SingletonType(tree, ref1)
		    .setType(checkObjectType(tree.pos, ref1.type.resultType()));

	    case SelectFromType(Tree qual, Name name):
		Tree qual1 = transform(qual, TYPEmode);
		return transformSelect(tree, qual1, name);

	    case CompoundType(Tree[] parents, Tree[] refinements):
		Tree[] parents1 = transform(parents, TYPEmode);
		Type[] ptypes = Tree.typeOf(parents);
		Scope members = new Scope();
		Type self = Type.compoundTypeWithOwner(context.enclClass.owner, ptypes, members);
		Symbol clazz = self.symbol();
		pushContext(tree, clazz, members);
		for (int i = 0; i < refinements.length; i++) {
		    enterSym(refinements[i]).flags |= OVERRIDE;
		}
		Tree[] refinements1 = transformStatSeq(refinements, Symbol.NONE);
		popContext();
		return copy.CompoundType(tree, parents1, refinements1)
		    .setType(self);

	    case AppliedType(Tree tpe, Tree[] args):
		Tree tpe1 = transform(tpe, mode | FUNmode);
		Tree[] args1 = transform(args, TYPEmode);
		Type[] argtypes = Tree.typeOf(args);
		Symbol[] tparams = tpe1.type.symbol().typeParams();
		Type owntype = Type.ErrorType;
		if (tpe1.type != Type.ErrorType) {
		    if (tparams.length == args.length)
			owntype = Type.appliedType(tpe1.type, argtypes);
		    else if (tparams.length == 0)
			error(tree.pos, tpe1.type + " does not take type parameters");
		    else error(tree.pos, "wrong number of type arguments for " +
			       tpe1.type);
		}
		return copy.AppliedType(tree, tpe1, args1).setType(owntype);

	    case FunType(_, _):
		return transform(desugarize.FunType(tree));

	    default:
		throw new ApplicationError("illegal tree: " + tree);
	    }
	} catch (Type.Error ex) {
	    reportTypeError(tree.pos, ex);
	    tree.type = Type.ErrorType;
            if (tree.hasSymbol()) {
		if (tree.symbol() != null) tree.symbol().setInfo(Type.ErrorType);
		else tree.setSymbol(Symbol.ERROR);
	    }
	    return tree;
	}
    }
    //where
	private Symbol qualifyingClass(Tree tree, Name name) {
            if (name == TypeNames.EMPTY) {
                Symbol clazz = context.enclClass.owner;
                if (clazz != null) return clazz;
                error(tree.pos, tree +
                    " can be used only in a class, object, or template");
            } else {
                for (Context i = context; i != Context.NONE; i = i.outer) {
                    Symbol sym = i.owner;
                    if (sym.kind == CLASS && sym.name == name) return sym;
                }
                error(tree.pos, name + " is not an enclosing class");
            }
            return Symbol.ERROR;
	}

    // ///////////////
    // sequence helper function
    // ///////////////

    /**  calls IdentPattern for every Ident(x) with x != _ in trees.
     *   does *not* recurse through the trees
     *   pre:  Ident nodes are already attributed, symbol is in scope
     *   post: all variables in trees are replaced by (attributed) binds.
     */

    public void desug_allIdentPatterns( Tree trees[], Symbol currentOwner ) {
	for( int i = 0; i < trees.length; i ++ )
	    switch(trees[i]) {
	    case Ident( Name name ):
		if( name != Names.PATTERN_WILDCARD ) {
		    Symbol vble = context.scope.lookup( name );
		    /*
		      Symbol vble = new TermSymbol( trees[ i ].pos, name, currentOwner, 0)
		      .setType( trees[ i ].type() );

		      vble = enterInScope( vble );
		    */
		    trees[i] = desugarize.IdentPattern(trees[i]).setSymbol(vble)
			.setType(vble.type());
		} else {
                    trees[i] = gen.Ident(trees[i].pos, definitions.PATTERN_WILDCARD);
                }
	    }
    }

}