[SPARK-1566] consolidate programming guide, and general doc updates

This is a fairly large PR to clean up and update the docs for 1.0. The major changes are:

* A unified programming guide for all languages replaces language-specific ones and shows language-specific info in tabs
* New programming guide sections on key-value pairs, unit testing, input formats beyond text, migrating from 0.9, and passing functions to Spark
* Spark-submit guide moved to a separate page and expanded slightly
* Various cleanups of the menu system, security docs, and others
* Updated look of title bar to differentiate the docs from previous Spark versions

You can find the updated docs at http://people.apache.org/~matei/1.0-docs/_site/ and in particular http://people.apache.org/~matei/1.0-docs/_site/programming-guide.html.

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #896 from mateiz/1.0-docs and squashes the following commits:

03e6853 [Matei Zaharia] Some tweaks to configuration and YARN docs
0779508 [Matei Zaharia] tweak
ef671d4 [Matei Zaharia] Keep frames in JavaDoc links, and other small tweaks
1bf4112 [Matei Zaharia] Review comments
4414f88 [Matei Zaharia] tweaks
d04e979 [Matei Zaharia] Fix some old links to Java guide
a34ed33 [Matei Zaharia] tweak
541bb3b [Matei Zaharia] miscellaneous changes
fcefdec [Matei Zaharia] Moved submitting apps to separate doc
61d72b4 [Matei Zaharia] stuff
181f217 [Matei Zaharia] migration guide, remove old language guides
e11a0da [Matei Zaharia] Add more API functions
6a030a9 [Matei Zaharia] tweaks
8db0ae3 [Matei Zaharia] Added key-value pairs section
318d2c9 [Matei Zaharia] tweaks
1c81477 [Matei Zaharia] New section on basics and function syntax
e38f559 [Matei Zaharia] Actually added programming guide to Git
a33d6fe [Matei Zaharia] First pass at updating programming guide to support all languages, plus other tweaks throughout
3b6a876 [Matei Zaharia] More CSS tweaks
01ec8bf [Matei Zaharia] More CSS tweaks
e6d252e [Matei Zaharia] Change color of doc title bar to differentiate from 0.9.0

1 files changed, 48 insertions, 42 deletions

diff --git a/docs/building-with-maven.md b/docs/building-with-maven.md
index 8b44535d82..55a9e37dfe 100644
--- a/docs/building-with-maven.md
+++ b/docs/building-with-maven.md
@@ -6,14 +6,16 @@ title: Building Spark with Maven
 * This will become a table of contents (this text will be scraped).
 {:toc}
 
-Building Spark using Maven requires Maven 3.0.4 or newer and Java 1.6 or newer.
+Building Spark using Maven requires Maven 3.0.4 or newer and Java 6+.
 
 
-## Setting up Maven's Memory Usage ##
+# Setting up Maven's Memory Usage
 
 You'll need to configure Maven to use more memory than usual by setting `MAVEN_OPTS`. We recommend the following settings:
 
-    export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx2g -XX:MaxPermSize=512M -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=512m"
+{% highlight bash %}
+export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx2g -XX:MaxPermSize=512M -XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=512m"
+{% endhighlight %}
 
 If you don't run this, you may see errors like the following:
 
@@ -25,9 +27,9 @@ If you don't run this, you may see errors like the following:
 
 You can fix this by setting the `MAVEN_OPTS` variable as discussed before.
 
-*Note: For Java 1.8 and above this step is not required.*
+**Note:** *For Java 8 and above this step is not required.*
 
-## Specifying the Hadoop version ##
+# Specifying the Hadoop Version
 
 Because HDFS is not protocol-compatible across versions, if you want to read from HDFS, you'll need to build Spark against the specific HDFS version in your environment. You can do this through the "hadoop.version" property. If unset, Spark will build against Hadoop 1.0.4 by default. Note that certain build profiles are required for particular Hadoop versions:
 
@@ -46,14 +48,16 @@ Because HDFS is not protocol-compatible across versions, if you want to read fro
 
 For Apache Hadoop versions 1.x, Cloudera CDH "mr1" distributions, and other Hadoop versions without YARN, use:
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 1.2.1
-    $ mvn -Dhadoop.version=1.2.1 -DskipTests clean package
+{% highlight bash %}
+# Apache Hadoop 1.2.1
+mvn -Dhadoop.version=1.2.1 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Cloudera CDH 4.2.0 with MapReduce v1
-    $ mvn -Dhadoop.version=2.0.0-mr1-cdh4.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
+# Cloudera CDH 4.2.0 with MapReduce v1
+mvn -Dhadoop.version=2.0.0-mr1-cdh4.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 0.23.x
-    $ mvn -Phadoop-0.23 -Dhadoop.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
+# Apache Hadoop 0.23.x
+mvn -Phadoop-0.23 -Dhadoop.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
+{% endhighlight %}
 
 For Apache Hadoop 2.x, 0.23.x, Cloudera CDH, and other Hadoop versions with YARN, you can enable the "yarn-alpha" or "yarn" profile and optionally set the "yarn.version" property if it is different from "hadoop.version". The additional build profile required depends on the YARN version:
 
@@ -69,75 +73,77 @@ For Apache Hadoop 2.x, 0.23.x, Cloudera CDH, and other Hadoop versions with YARN
 
 Examples:
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 2.0.5-alpha
-    $ mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Dhadoop.version=2.0.5-alpha -DskipTests clean package
+{% highlight bash %}
+# Apache Hadoop 2.0.5-alpha
+mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Dhadoop.version=2.0.5-alpha -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Cloudera CDH 4.2.0
-    $ mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Dhadoop.version=2.0.0-cdh4.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
+# Cloudera CDH 4.2.0
+mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Dhadoop.version=2.0.0-cdh4.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 0.23.x
-    $ mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Phadoop-0.23 -Dhadoop.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
+# Apache Hadoop 0.23.x
+mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Phadoop-0.23 -Dhadoop.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 2.2.X
-    $ mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.2 -Dhadoop.version=2.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
+# Apache Hadoop 2.2.X
+mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.2 -Dhadoop.version=2.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 2.3.X
-    $ mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.3 -Dhadoop.version=2.3.0 -DskipTests clean package
+# Apache Hadoop 2.3.X
+mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.3 -Dhadoop.version=2.3.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Apache Hadoop 2.4.X
-    $ mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.4 -Dhadoop.version=2.4.0 -DskipTests clean package
+# Apache Hadoop 2.4.X
+mvn -Pyarn -Phadoop-2.4 -Dhadoop.version=2.4.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-    # Different versions of HDFS and YARN.
-    $ mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Phadoop-2.3 -Dhadoop.version=2.3.0 -Dyarn.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
+# Different versions of HDFS and YARN.
+mvn -Pyarn-alpha -Phadoop-2.3 -Dhadoop.version=2.3.0 -Dyarn.version=0.23.7 -DskipTests clean package
+{% endhighlight %}
 
-## Spark Tests in Maven ##
+# Spark Tests in Maven
 
 Tests are run by default via the [ScalaTest Maven plugin](http://www.scalatest.org/user_guide/using_the_scalatest_maven_plugin). Some of the require Spark to be packaged first, so always run `mvn package` with `-DskipTests` the first time. You can then run the tests with `mvn -Dhadoop.version=... test`.
 
 The ScalaTest plugin also supports running only a specific test suite as follows:
 
-    $ mvn -Dhadoop.version=... -DwildcardSuites=org.apache.spark.repl.ReplSuite test
+    mvn -Dhadoop.version=... -DwildcardSuites=org.apache.spark.repl.ReplSuite test
 
 
-## Continuous Compilation ##
+# Continuous Compilation
 
 We use the scala-maven-plugin which supports incremental and continuous compilation. E.g.
 
-    $ mvn scala:cc
+    mvn scala:cc
 
 should run continuous compilation (i.e. wait for changes). However, this has not been tested extensively.
 
-## Using With IntelliJ IDEA ##
+# Using With IntelliJ IDEA
 
 This setup works fine in IntelliJ IDEA 11.1.4. After opening the project via the pom.xml file in the project root folder, you only need to activate either the hadoop1 or hadoop2 profile in the "Maven Properties" popout. We have not tried Eclipse/Scala IDE with this.
 
-## Building Spark Debian Packages ##
+# Building Spark Debian Packages
 
-The maven build includes support for building a Debian package containing the assembly 'fat-jar', PySpark, and the necessary scripts and configuration files. This can be created by specifying the following:
+The Maven build includes support for building a Debian package containing the assembly 'fat-jar', PySpark, and the necessary scripts and configuration files. This can be created by specifying the following:
 
-    $ mvn -Pdeb -DskipTests clean package
+    mvn -Pdeb -DskipTests clean package
 
 The debian package can then be found under assembly/target. We added the short commit hash to the file name so that we can distinguish individual packages built for SNAPSHOT versions.
 
-## Running java 8 test suites.
+# Running Java 8 Test Suites
 
-Running only java 8 tests and nothing else.
+Running only Java 8 tests and nothing else.
 
-    $ mvn install -DskipTests -Pjava8-tests
+    mvn install -DskipTests -Pjava8-tests
     
-Java 8 tests are run when -Pjava8-tests profile is enabled, they will run in spite of -DskipTests. 
+Java 8 tests are run when `-Pjava8-tests` profile is enabled, they will run in spite of `-DskipTests`. 
 For these tests to run your system must have a JDK 8 installation. 
 If you have JDK 8 installed but it is not the system default, you can set JAVA_HOME to point to JDK 8 before running the tests.
 
-## Building for PySpark on YARN ##
+# Building for PySpark on YARN
 
-PySpark on YARN is only supported if the jar is built with maven. Further, there is a known problem
-with building this assembly jar on Red Hat based operating systems (see SPARK-1753). If you wish to
+PySpark on YARN is only supported if the jar is built with Maven. Further, there is a known problem
+with building this assembly jar on Red Hat based operating systems (see [SPARK-1753](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-1753)). If you wish to
 run PySpark on a YARN cluster with Red Hat installed, we recommend that you build the jar elsewhere,
 then ship it over to the cluster. We are investigating the exact cause for this.
 
-## Packaging without Hadoop dependencies for deployment on YARN ##
+# Packaging without Hadoop Dependencies for YARN
 
-The assembly jar produced by "mvn package" will, by default, include all of Spark's dependencies, including Hadoop and some of its ecosystem projects. On YARN deployments, this causes multiple versions of these to appear on executor classpaths: the version packaged in the Spark assembly and the version on each node, included with yarn.application.classpath.  The "hadoop-provided" profile builds the assembly without including Hadoop-ecosystem projects, like ZooKeeper and Hadoop itself. 
+The assembly jar produced by `mvn package` will, by default, include all of Spark's dependencies, including Hadoop and some of its ecosystem projects. On YARN deployments, this causes multiple versions of these to appear on executor classpaths: the version packaged in the Spark assembly and the version on each node, included with yarn.application.classpath.  The `hadoop-provided` profile builds the assembly without including Hadoop-ecosystem projects, like ZooKeeper and Hadoop itself.