[SPARK-1753 / 1773 / 1814] Update outdated docs for spark-submit, YARN, standalone etc.

YARN
- SparkPi was updated to not take in master as an argument; we should update the docs to reflect that.
- The default YARN build guide should be in maven, not sbt.
- This PR also adds a paragraph on steps to debug a YARN application.

Standalone
- Emphasize spark-submit more. Right now it's one small paragraph preceding the legacy way of launching through `org.apache.spark.deploy.Client`.
- The way we set configurations / environment variables according to the old docs is outdated. This needs to reflect changes introduced by the Spark configuration changes we made.

In general, this PR also adds a little more documentation on the new spark-shell, spark-submit, spark-defaults.conf etc here and there.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #701 from andrewor14/yarn-docs and squashes the following commits:

e2c2312 [Andrew Or] Merge in changes in #752 (SPARK-1814)
25cfe7b [Andrew Or] Merge in the warning from SPARK-1753
a8c39c5 [Andrew Or] Minor changes
336bbd9 [Andrew Or] Tabs -> spaces
4d9d8f7 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-docs
041017a [Andrew Or] Abstract Spark submit documentation to cluster-overview.html
3cc0649 [Andrew Or] Detail how to set configurations + remove legacy instructions
5b7140a [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-docs
85a51fc [Andrew Or] Update run-example, spark-shell, configuration etc.
c10e8c7 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-docs
381fe32 [Andrew Or] Update docs for standalone mode
757c184 [Andrew Or] Add a note about the requirements for the debugging trick
f8ca990 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into yarn-docs
924f04c [Andrew Or] Revert addition of --deploy-mode
d5fe17b [Andrew Or] Update the YARN docs

1 files changed, 10 insertions, 4 deletions

diff --git a/docs/hadoop-third-party-distributions.md b/docs/hadoop-third-party-distributions.md
index 454877a7fa..a0aeab5727 100644
--- a/docs/hadoop-third-party-distributions.md
+++ b/docs/hadoop-third-party-distributions.md
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ with these distributions:
 
 # Compile-time Hadoop Version
 
-When compiling Spark, you'll need to 
-[set the SPARK_HADOOP_VERSION flag](index.html#a-note-about-hadoop-versions):
+When compiling Spark, you'll need to specify the Hadoop version by defining the `hadoop.version`
+property. For certain versions, you will need to specify additional profiles. For more detail,
+see the guide on [building with maven](building-with-maven.html#specifying-the-hadoop-version):
 
-    SPARK_HADOOP_VERSION=1.0.4 sbt/sbt assembly
+    mvn -Dhadoop.version=1.0.4 -DskipTests clean package
+    mvn -Phadoop-2.2 -Dhadoop.version=2.2.0 -DskipTests clean package
 
-The table below lists the corresponding `SPARK_HADOOP_VERSION` code for each CDH/HDP release. Note that
+The table below lists the corresponding `hadoop.version` code for each CDH/HDP release. Note that
 some Hadoop releases are binary compatible across client versions. This means the pre-built Spark
 distribution may "just work" without you needing to compile. That said, we recommend compiling with 
 the _exact_ Hadoop version you are running to avoid any compatibility errors.
@@ -46,6 +48,10 @@ the _exact_ Hadoop version you are running to avoid any compatibility errors.
   </tr>
 </table>
 
+In SBT, the equivalent can be achieved by setting the SPARK_HADOOP_VERSION flag:
+
+    SPARK_HADOOP_VERSION=1.0.4 sbt/sbt assembly
+
 # Linking Applications to the Hadoop Version
 
 In addition to compiling Spark itself against the right version, you need to add a Maven dependency on that