[SPARK-14459][SQL] Detect relation partitioning and adjust the logical plan

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This detects a relation's partitioning and adds checks to the analyzer.
If an InsertIntoTable node has no partitioning, it is replaced by the
relation's partition scheme and input columns are correctly adjusted,
placing the partition columns at the end in partition order. If an
InsertIntoTable node has partitioning, it is checked against the table's
reported partitions.

These changes required adding a PartitionedRelation trait to the catalog
interface because Hive's MetastoreRelation doesn't extend
CatalogRelation.

This commit also includes a fix to InsertIntoTable's resolved logic,
which now detects that all expected columns are present, including
dynamic partition columns. Previously, the number of expected columns
was not checked and resolved was true if there were missing columns.

## How was this patch tested?

This adds new tests to the InsertIntoTableSuite that are fixed by this PR.

Author: Ryan Blue <blue@apache.org>

Closes #12239 from rdblue/SPARK-14459-detect-hive-partitioning.

2 files changed, 80 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/InsertIntoHiveTableSuite.scala b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/InsertIntoHiveTableSuite.scala
index baf34d1cf0..52aba328de 100644
--- a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/InsertIntoHiveTableSuite.scala
+++ b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/InsertIntoHiveTableSuite.scala
@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ import java.io.File
 import org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf
 import org.scalatest.BeforeAndAfter
 
+import org.apache.spark.SparkException
 import org.apache.spark.sql.{QueryTest, _}
-import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecutionException
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical.InsertIntoTable
 import org.apache.spark.sql.hive.test.TestHiveSingleton
+import org.apache.spark.sql.test.SQLTestUtils
 import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
 import org.apache.spark.util.Utils
 
@@ -32,11 +34,11 @@ case class TestData(key: Int, value: String)
 
 case class ThreeCloumntable(key: Int, value: String, key1: String)
 
-class InsertIntoHiveTableSuite extends QueryTest with TestHiveSingleton with BeforeAndAfter {
+class InsertIntoHiveTableSuite extends QueryTest with TestHiveSingleton with BeforeAndAfter
+    with SQLTestUtils {
   import hiveContext.implicits._
-  import hiveContext.sql
 
-  val testData = hiveContext.sparkContext.parallelize(
+  override lazy val testData = hiveContext.sparkContext.parallelize(
     (1 to 100).map(i => TestData(i, i.toString))).toDF()
 
   before {
@@ -213,4 +215,77 @@ class InsertIntoHiveTableSuite extends QueryTest with TestHiveSingleton with Bef
 
     sql("DROP TABLE hiveTableWithStructValue")
   }
+
+  test("Reject partitioning that does not match table") {
+    withSQLConf(("hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode", "nonstrict")) {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE partitioned (id bigint, data string) PARTITIONED BY (part string)")
+      val data = (1 to 10).map(i => (i, s"data-$i", if ((i % 2) == 0) "even" else "odd"))
+          .toDF("id", "data", "part")
+
+      intercept[AnalysisException] {
+        // cannot partition by 2 fields when there is only one in the table definition
+        data.write.partitionBy("part", "data").insertInto("partitioned")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Test partition mode = strict") {
+    withSQLConf(("hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode", "strict")) {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE partitioned (id bigint, data string) PARTITIONED BY (part string)")
+      val data = (1 to 10).map(i => (i, s"data-$i", if ((i % 2) == 0) "even" else "odd"))
+          .toDF("id", "data", "part")
+
+      intercept[SparkException] {
+        data.write.insertInto("partitioned")
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Detect table partitioning") {
+    withSQLConf(("hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode", "nonstrict")) {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE source (id bigint, data string, part string)")
+      val data = (1 to 10).map(i => (i, s"data-$i", if ((i % 2) == 0) "even" else "odd")).toDF()
+
+      data.write.insertInto("source")
+      checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM source"), data.collect().toSeq)
+
+      sql("CREATE TABLE partitioned (id bigint, data string) PARTITIONED BY (part string)")
+      // this will pick up the output partitioning from the table definition
+      sqlContext.table("source").write.insertInto("partitioned")
+
+      checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM partitioned"), data.collect().toSeq)
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("Detect table partitioning with correct partition order") {
+    withSQLConf(("hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode", "nonstrict")) {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE source (id bigint, part2 string, part1 string, data string)")
+      val data = (1 to 10).map(i => (i, if ((i % 2) == 0) "even" else "odd", "p", s"data-$i"))
+          .toDF("id", "part2", "part1", "data")
+
+      data.write.insertInto("source")
+      checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM source"), data.collect().toSeq)
+
+      // the original data with part1 and part2 at the end
+      val expected = data.select("id", "data", "part1", "part2")
+
+      sql(
+        """CREATE TABLE partitioned (id bigint, data string)
+          |PARTITIONED BY (part1 string, part2 string)""".stripMargin)
+      sqlContext.table("source").write.insertInto("partitioned")
+
+      checkAnswer(sql("SELECT * FROM partitioned"), expected.collect().toSeq)
+    }
+  }
+
+  test("InsertIntoTable#resolved should include dynamic partitions") {
+    withSQLConf(("hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode", "nonstrict")) {
+      sql("CREATE TABLE partitioned (id bigint, data string) PARTITIONED BY (part string)")
+      val data = (1 to 10).map(i => (i.toLong, s"data-$i")).toDF("id", "data")
+
+      val logical = InsertIntoTable(sqlContext.table("partitioned").logicalPlan,
+        Map("part" -> None), data.logicalPlan, overwrite = false, ifNotExists = false)
+      assert(!logical.resolved, "Should not resolve: missing partition data")
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveQuerySuite.scala b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveQuerySuite.scala
index 3bf0e84267..bbb775ef77 100644
--- a/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveQuerySuite.scala
+++ b/sql/hive/src/test/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hive/execution/HiveQuerySuite.scala
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ class HiveQuerySuite extends HiveComparisonTest with BeforeAndAfter {
     sql("SET hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=strict")
 
     // Should throw when using strict dynamic partition mode without any static partition
-    intercept[SparkException] {
+    intercept[AnalysisException] {
       sql(
         """INSERT INTO TABLE dp_test PARTITION(dp)
           |SELECT key, value, key % 5 FROM src