diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | examples/src/main/python/mllib/gradient_boosted_trees.py | 76 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/api/python/PythonMLLibAPI.scala | 36 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | python/pyspark/mllib/tests.py | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | python/pyspark/mllib/tree.py | 221 |
4 files changed, 318 insertions, 56 deletions
diff --git a/examples/src/main/python/mllib/gradient_boosted_trees.py b/examples/src/main/python/mllib/gradient_boosted_trees.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e647773ad9 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/src/main/python/mllib/gradient_boosted_trees.py @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +# +# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more +# contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with +# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. +# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 +# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with +# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at +# +# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 +# +# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +# limitations under the License. +# + +""" +Gradient boosted Trees classification and regression using MLlib. +""" + +import sys + +from pyspark.context import SparkContext +from pyspark.mllib.tree import GradientBoostedTrees +from pyspark.mllib.util import MLUtils + + +def testClassification(trainingData, testData): + # Train a GradientBoostedTrees model. + # Empty categoricalFeaturesInfo indicates all features are continuous. + model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainClassifier(trainingData, categoricalFeaturesInfo={}, + numIterations=30, maxDepth=4) + # Evaluate model on test instances and compute test error + predictions = model.predict(testData.map(lambda x: x.features)) + labelsAndPredictions = testData.map(lambda lp: lp.label).zip(predictions) + testErr = labelsAndPredictions.filter(lambda (v, p): v != p).count() \ + / float(testData.count()) + print('Test Error = ' + str(testErr)) + print('Learned classification ensemble model:') + print(model.toDebugString()) + + +def testRegression(trainingData, testData): + # Train a GradientBoostedTrees model. + # Empty categoricalFeaturesInfo indicates all features are continuous. + model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainRegressor(trainingData, categoricalFeaturesInfo={}, + numIterations=30, maxDepth=4) + # Evaluate model on test instances and compute test error + predictions = model.predict(testData.map(lambda x: x.features)) + labelsAndPredictions = testData.map(lambda lp: lp.label).zip(predictions) + testMSE = labelsAndPredictions.map(lambda (v, p): (v - p) * (v - p)).sum() \ + / float(testData.count()) + print('Test Mean Squared Error = ' + str(testMSE)) + print('Learned regression ensemble model:') + print(model.toDebugString()) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + if len(sys.argv) > 1: + print >> sys.stderr, "Usage: gradient_boosted_trees" + exit(1) + sc = SparkContext(appName="PythonGradientBoostedTrees") + + # Load and parse the data file into an RDD of LabeledPoint. + data = MLUtils.loadLibSVMFile(sc, 'data/mllib/sample_libsvm_data.txt') + # Split the data into training and test sets (30% held out for testing) + (trainingData, testData) = data.randomSplit([0.7, 0.3]) + + print('\nRunning example of classification using GradientBoostedTrees\n') + testClassification(trainingData, testData) + + print('\nRunning example of regression using GradientBoostedTrees\n') + testRegression(trainingData, testData) + + sc.stop() diff --git a/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/api/python/PythonMLLibAPI.scala b/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/api/python/PythonMLLibAPI.scala index 430d763ef7..a66d6f0cf2 100644 --- a/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/api/python/PythonMLLibAPI.scala +++ b/mllib/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/mllib/api/python/PythonMLLibAPI.scala @@ -41,10 +41,11 @@ import org.apache.spark.mllib.regression._ import org.apache.spark.mllib.stat.{MultivariateStatisticalSummary, Statistics} import org.apache.spark.mllib.stat.correlation.CorrelationNames import org.apache.spark.mllib.stat.test.ChiSqTestResult -import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.{RandomForest, DecisionTree} -import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.configuration.{Algo, Strategy} +import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.{GradientBoostedTrees, RandomForest, DecisionTree} +import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.configuration.{BoostingStrategy, Algo, Strategy} import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.impurity._ -import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.model.{RandomForestModel, DecisionTreeModel} +import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.loss.Losses +import org.apache.spark.mllib.tree.model.{GradientBoostedTreesModel, RandomForestModel, DecisionTreeModel} import org.apache.spark.mllib.util.MLUtils import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel @@ -533,6 +534,35 @@ class PythonMLLibAPI extends Serializable { } /** + * Java stub for Python mllib GradientBoostedTrees.train(). + * This stub returns a handle to the Java object instead of the content of the Java object. + * Extra care needs to be taken in the Python code to ensure it gets freed on exit; + * see the Py4J documentation. + */ + def trainGradientBoostedTreesModel( + data: JavaRDD[LabeledPoint], + algoStr: String, + categoricalFeaturesInfo: JMap[Int, Int], + lossStr: String, + numIterations: Int, + learningRate: Double, + maxDepth: Int): GradientBoostedTreesModel = { + val boostingStrategy = BoostingStrategy.defaultParams(algoStr) + boostingStrategy.setLoss(Losses.fromString(lossStr)) + boostingStrategy.setNumIterations(numIterations) + boostingStrategy.setLearningRate(learningRate) + boostingStrategy.treeStrategy.setMaxDepth(maxDepth) + boostingStrategy.treeStrategy.categoricalFeaturesInfo = categoricalFeaturesInfo.asScala.toMap + + val cached = data.rdd.persist(StorageLevel.MEMORY_AND_DISK) + try { + GradientBoostedTrees.train(cached, boostingStrategy) + } finally { + cached.unpersist(blocking = false) + } + } + + /** * Java stub for mllib Statistics.colStats(X: RDD[Vector]). * TODO figure out return type. */ diff --git a/python/pyspark/mllib/tests.py b/python/pyspark/mllib/tests.py index f48e3d6dac..61e0cf5d90 100644 --- a/python/pyspark/mllib/tests.py +++ b/python/pyspark/mllib/tests.py @@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class ListTests(PySparkTestCase): def test_classification(self): from pyspark.mllib.classification import LogisticRegressionWithSGD, SVMWithSGD, NaiveBayes - from pyspark.mllib.tree import DecisionTree + from pyspark.mllib.tree import DecisionTree, RandomForest, GradientBoostedTrees data = [ LabeledPoint(0.0, [1, 0, 0]), LabeledPoint(1.0, [0, 1, 1]), @@ -198,18 +198,31 @@ class ListTests(PySparkTestCase): self.assertTrue(nb_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) categoricalFeaturesInfo = {0: 3} # feature 0 has 3 categories - dt_model = \ - DecisionTree.trainClassifier(rdd, numClasses=2, - categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) + dt_model = DecisionTree.trainClassifier( + rdd, numClasses=2, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + rf_model = RandomForest.trainClassifier( + rdd, numClasses=2, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo, numTrees=100) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + + gbt_model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainClassifier( + rdd, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + def test_regression(self): from pyspark.mllib.regression import LinearRegressionWithSGD, LassoWithSGD, \ RidgeRegressionWithSGD - from pyspark.mllib.tree import DecisionTree + from pyspark.mllib.tree import DecisionTree, RandomForest, GradientBoostedTrees data = [ LabeledPoint(-1.0, [0, -1]), LabeledPoint(1.0, [0, 1]), @@ -238,13 +251,27 @@ class ListTests(PySparkTestCase): self.assertTrue(rr_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) categoricalFeaturesInfo = {0: 2} # feature 0 has 2 categories - dt_model = \ - DecisionTree.trainRegressor(rdd, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) + dt_model = DecisionTree.trainRegressor( + rdd, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) self.assertTrue(dt_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + rf_model = RandomForest.trainRegressor( + rdd, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo, numTrees=100) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(rf_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + + gbt_model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainRegressor( + rdd, categoricalFeaturesInfo=categoricalFeaturesInfo) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[0]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[1]) > 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[2]) <= 0) + self.assertTrue(gbt_model.predict(features[3]) > 0) + class StatTests(PySparkTestCase): # SPARK-4023 diff --git a/python/pyspark/mllib/tree.py b/python/pyspark/mllib/tree.py index 6670247847..aae48f2132 100644 --- a/python/pyspark/mllib/tree.py +++ b/python/pyspark/mllib/tree.py @@ -24,16 +24,48 @@ from pyspark.mllib.common import callMLlibFunc, JavaModelWrapper from pyspark.mllib.linalg import _convert_to_vector from pyspark.mllib.regression import LabeledPoint -__all__ = ['DecisionTreeModel', 'DecisionTree', 'RandomForestModel', 'RandomForest'] +__all__ = ['DecisionTreeModel', 'DecisionTree', 'RandomForestModel', + 'RandomForest', 'GradientBoostedTrees'] -class DecisionTreeModel(JavaModelWrapper): +class TreeEnsembleModel(JavaModelWrapper): + def predict(self, x): + """ + Predict values for a single data point or an RDD of points using + the model trained. + """ + if isinstance(x, RDD): + return self.call("predict", x.map(_convert_to_vector)) + + else: + return self.call("predict", _convert_to_vector(x)) + + def numTrees(self): + """ + Get number of trees in ensemble. + """ + return self.call("numTrees") + + def totalNumNodes(self): + """ + Get total number of nodes, summed over all trees in the ensemble. + """ + return self.call("totalNumNodes") + + def __repr__(self): + """ Summary of model """ + return self._java_model.toString() + + def toDebugString(self): + """ Full model """ + return self._java_model.toDebugString() + +class DecisionTreeModel(JavaModelWrapper): """ - A decision tree model for classification or regression. + .. note:: Experimental - EXPERIMENTAL: This is an experimental API. - It will probably be modified in future. + A decision tree model for classification or regression. """ def predict(self, x): """ @@ -64,12 +96,10 @@ class DecisionTreeModel(JavaModelWrapper): class DecisionTree(object): - """ - Learning algorithm for a decision tree model for classification or regression. + .. note:: Experimental - EXPERIMENTAL: This is an experimental API. - It will probably be modified in future. + Learning algorithm for a decision tree model for classification or regression. """ @classmethod @@ -186,51 +216,19 @@ class DecisionTree(object): impurity, maxDepth, maxBins, minInstancesPerNode, minInfoGain) -class RandomForestModel(JavaModelWrapper): +class RandomForestModel(TreeEnsembleModel): """ - Represents a random forest model. + .. note:: Experimental - EXPERIMENTAL: This is an experimental API. - It will probably be modified in future. + Represents a random forest model. """ - def predict(self, x): - """ - Predict values for a single data point or an RDD of points using - the model trained. - """ - if isinstance(x, RDD): - return self.call("predict", x.map(_convert_to_vector)) - - else: - return self.call("predict", _convert_to_vector(x)) - - def numTrees(self): - """ - Get number of trees in forest. - """ - return self.call("numTrees") - - def totalNumNodes(self): - """ - Get total number of nodes, summed over all trees in the forest. - """ - return self.call("totalNumNodes") - - def __repr__(self): - """ Summary of model """ - return self._java_model.toString() - - def toDebugString(self): - """ Full model """ - return self._java_model.toDebugString() class RandomForest(object): """ - Learning algorithm for a random forest model for classification or regression. + .. note:: Experimental - EXPERIMENTAL: This is an experimental API. - It will probably be modified in future. + Learning algorithm for a random forest model for classification or regression. """ supportedFeatureSubsetStrategies = ("auto", "all", "sqrt", "log2", "onethird") @@ -383,6 +381,137 @@ class RandomForest(object): featureSubsetStrategy, impurity, maxDepth, maxBins, seed) +class GradientBoostedTreesModel(TreeEnsembleModel): + """ + .. note:: Experimental + + Represents a gradient-boosted tree model. + """ + + +class GradientBoostedTrees(object): + """ + .. note:: Experimental + + Learning algorithm for a gradient boosted trees model for classification or regression. + """ + + @classmethod + def _train(cls, data, algo, categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss, numIterations, learningRate, maxDepth): + first = data.first() + assert isinstance(first, LabeledPoint), "the data should be RDD of LabeledPoint" + model = callMLlibFunc("trainGradientBoostedTreesModel", data, algo, categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss, numIterations, learningRate, maxDepth) + return GradientBoostedTreesModel(model) + + @classmethod + def trainClassifier(cls, data, categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss="logLoss", numIterations=100, learningRate=0.1, maxDepth=3): + """ + Method to train a gradient-boosted trees model for classification. + + :param data: Training dataset: RDD of LabeledPoint. Labels should take values {0, 1}. + :param categoricalFeaturesInfo: Map storing arity of categorical + features. E.g., an entry (n -> k) indicates that feature + n is categorical with k categories indexed from 0: + {0, 1, ..., k-1}. + :param loss: Loss function used for minimization during gradient boosting. + Supported: {"logLoss" (default), "leastSquaresError", "leastAbsoluteError"}. + :param numIterations: Number of iterations of boosting. + (default: 100) + :param learningRate: Learning rate for shrinking the contribution of each estimator. + The learning rate should be between in the interval (0, 1] + (default: 0.1) + :param maxDepth: Maximum depth of the tree. E.g., depth 0 means 1 + leaf node; depth 1 means 1 internal node + 2 leaf nodes. + (default: 3) + :return: GradientBoostedTreesModel that can be used for prediction + + Example usage: + + >>> from pyspark.mllib.regression import LabeledPoint + >>> from pyspark.mllib.tree import GradientBoostedTrees + >>> + >>> data = [ + ... LabeledPoint(0.0, [0.0]), + ... LabeledPoint(0.0, [1.0]), + ... LabeledPoint(1.0, [2.0]), + ... LabeledPoint(1.0, [3.0]) + ... ] + >>> + >>> model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainClassifier(sc.parallelize(data), {}) + >>> model.numTrees() + 100 + >>> model.totalNumNodes() + 300 + >>> print model, # it already has newline + TreeEnsembleModel classifier with 100 trees + >>> model.predict([2.0]) + 1.0 + >>> model.predict([0.0]) + 0.0 + >>> rdd = sc.parallelize([[2.0], [0.0]]) + >>> model.predict(rdd).collect() + [1.0, 0.0] + """ + return cls._train(data, "classification", categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss, numIterations, learningRate, maxDepth) + + @classmethod + def trainRegressor(cls, data, categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss="leastSquaresError", numIterations=100, learningRate=0.1, maxDepth=3): + """ + Method to train a gradient-boosted trees model for regression. + + :param data: Training dataset: RDD of LabeledPoint. Labels are + real numbers. + :param categoricalFeaturesInfo: Map storing arity of categorical + features. E.g., an entry (n -> k) indicates that feature + n is categorical with k categories indexed from 0: + {0, 1, ..., k-1}. + :param loss: Loss function used for minimization during gradient boosting. + Supported: {"logLoss" (default), "leastSquaresError", "leastAbsoluteError"}. + :param numIterations: Number of iterations of boosting. + (default: 100) + :param learningRate: Learning rate for shrinking the contribution of each estimator. + The learning rate should be between in the interval (0, 1] + (default: 0.1) + :param maxDepth: Maximum depth of the tree. E.g., depth 0 means 1 + leaf node; depth 1 means 1 internal node + 2 leaf nodes. + (default: 3) + :return: GradientBoostedTreesModel that can be used for prediction + + Example usage: + + >>> from pyspark.mllib.regression import LabeledPoint + >>> from pyspark.mllib.tree import GradientBoostedTrees + >>> from pyspark.mllib.linalg import SparseVector + >>> + >>> sparse_data = [ + ... LabeledPoint(0.0, SparseVector(2, {0: 1.0})), + ... LabeledPoint(1.0, SparseVector(2, {1: 1.0})), + ... LabeledPoint(0.0, SparseVector(2, {0: 1.0})), + ... LabeledPoint(1.0, SparseVector(2, {1: 2.0})) + ... ] + >>> + >>> model = GradientBoostedTrees.trainRegressor(sc.parallelize(sparse_data), {}) + >>> model.numTrees() + 100 + >>> model.totalNumNodes() + 102 + >>> model.predict(SparseVector(2, {1: 1.0})) + 1.0 + >>> model.predict(SparseVector(2, {0: 1.0})) + 0.0 + >>> rdd = sc.parallelize([[0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 0.0]]) + >>> model.predict(rdd).collect() + [1.0, 0.0] + """ + return cls._train(data, "regression", categoricalFeaturesInfo, + loss, numIterations, learningRate, maxDepth) + + def _test(): import doctest globs = globals().copy() |