diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'python/pyspark/shuffle.py')
| -rw-r--r-- | python/pyspark/shuffle.py | 531 |
1 files changed, 414 insertions, 117 deletions
diff --git a/python/pyspark/shuffle.py b/python/pyspark/shuffle.py index 10a7ccd502..8a6fc627eb 100644 --- a/python/pyspark/shuffle.py +++ b/python/pyspark/shuffle.py @@ -16,28 +16,35 @@ # import os -import sys import platform import shutil import warnings import gc import itertools +import operator import random import pyspark.heapq3 as heapq -from pyspark.serializers import AutoBatchedSerializer, PickleSerializer +from pyspark.serializers import BatchedSerializer, PickleSerializer, FlattenedValuesSerializer, \ + CompressedSerializer, AutoBatchedSerializer + try: import psutil + process = None + def get_used_memory(): """ Return the used memory in MB """ - process = psutil.Process(os.getpid()) + global process + if process is None or process._pid != os.getpid(): + process = psutil.Process(os.getpid()) if hasattr(process, "memory_info"): info = process.memory_info() else: info = process.get_memory_info() return info.rss >> 20 + except ImportError: def get_used_memory(): @@ -46,6 +53,7 @@ except ImportError: for line in open('/proc/self/status'): if line.startswith('VmRSS:'): return int(line.split()[1]) >> 10 + else: warnings.warn("Please install psutil to have better " "support with spilling") @@ -54,6 +62,7 @@ except ImportError: rss = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss return rss >> 20 # TODO: support windows + return 0 @@ -148,10 +157,16 @@ class InMemoryMerger(Merger): d[k] = comb(d[k], v) if k in d else v def iteritems(self): - """ Return the merged items ad iterator """ + """ Return the merged items as iterator """ return self.data.iteritems() +def _compressed_serializer(self, serializer=None): + # always use PickleSerializer to simplify implementation + ser = PickleSerializer() + return AutoBatchedSerializer(CompressedSerializer(ser)) + + class ExternalMerger(Merger): """ @@ -173,7 +188,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): dict. Repeat this again until combine all the items. - Before return any items, it will load each partition and - combine them seperately. Yield them before loading next + combine them separately. Yield them before loading next partition. - During loading a partition, if the memory goes over limit, @@ -182,7 +197,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): `data` and `pdata` are used to hold the merged items in memory. At first, all the data are merged into `data`. Once the used - memory goes over limit, the items in `data` are dumped indo + memory goes over limit, the items in `data` are dumped into disks, `data` will be cleared, all rest of items will be merged into `pdata` and then dumped into disks. Before returning, all the items in `pdata` will be dumped into disks. @@ -193,16 +208,16 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): >>> agg = SimpleAggregator(lambda x, y: x + y) >>> merger = ExternalMerger(agg, 10) >>> N = 10000 - >>> merger.mergeValues(zip(xrange(N), xrange(N)) * 10) + >>> merger.mergeValues(zip(xrange(N), xrange(N))) >>> assert merger.spills > 0 >>> sum(v for k,v in merger.iteritems()) - 499950000 + 49995000 >>> merger = ExternalMerger(agg, 10) - >>> merger.mergeCombiners(zip(xrange(N), xrange(N)) * 10) + >>> merger.mergeCombiners(zip(xrange(N), xrange(N))) >>> assert merger.spills > 0 >>> sum(v for k,v in merger.iteritems()) - 499950000 + 49995000 """ # the max total partitions created recursively @@ -212,8 +227,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): localdirs=None, scale=1, partitions=59, batch=1000): Merger.__init__(self, aggregator) self.memory_limit = memory_limit - # default serializer is only used for tests - self.serializer = serializer or AutoBatchedSerializer(PickleSerializer()) + self.serializer = _compressed_serializer(serializer) self.localdirs = localdirs or _get_local_dirs(str(id(self))) # number of partitions when spill data into disks self.partitions = partitions @@ -221,7 +235,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): self.batch = batch # scale is used to scale down the hash of key for recursive hash map self.scale = scale - # unpartitioned merged data + # un-partitioned merged data self.data = {} # partitioned merged data, list of dicts self.pdata = [] @@ -244,72 +258,63 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): def mergeValues(self, iterator): """ Combine the items by creator and combiner """ - iterator = iter(iterator) # speedup attribute lookup creator, comb = self.agg.createCombiner, self.agg.mergeValue - d, c, batch = self.data, 0, self.batch + c, data, pdata, hfun, batch = 0, self.data, self.pdata, self._partition, self.batch + limit = self.memory_limit for k, v in iterator: + d = pdata[hfun(k)] if pdata else data d[k] = comb(d[k], v) if k in d else creator(v) c += 1 - if c % batch == 0 and get_used_memory() > self.memory_limit: - self._spill() - self._partitioned_mergeValues(iterator, self._next_limit()) - break + if c >= batch: + if get_used_memory() >= limit: + self._spill() + limit = self._next_limit() + batch /= 2 + c = 0 + else: + batch *= 1.5 + + if get_used_memory() >= limit: + self._spill() def _partition(self, key): """ Return the partition for key """ return hash((key, self._seed)) % self.partitions - def _partitioned_mergeValues(self, iterator, limit=0): - """ Partition the items by key, then combine them """ - # speedup attribute lookup - creator, comb = self.agg.createCombiner, self.agg.mergeValue - c, pdata, hfun, batch = 0, self.pdata, self._partition, self.batch - - for k, v in iterator: - d = pdata[hfun(k)] - d[k] = comb(d[k], v) if k in d else creator(v) - if not limit: - continue - - c += 1 - if c % batch == 0 and get_used_memory() > limit: - self._spill() - limit = self._next_limit() + def _object_size(self, obj): + """ How much of memory for this obj, assume that all the objects + consume similar bytes of memory + """ + return 1 - def mergeCombiners(self, iterator, check=True): + def mergeCombiners(self, iterator, limit=None): """ Merge (K,V) pair by mergeCombiner """ - iterator = iter(iterator) + if limit is None: + limit = self.memory_limit # speedup attribute lookup - d, comb, batch = self.data, self.agg.mergeCombiners, self.batch - c = 0 - for k, v in iterator: - d[k] = comb(d[k], v) if k in d else v - if not check: - continue - - c += 1 - if c % batch == 0 and get_used_memory() > self.memory_limit: - self._spill() - self._partitioned_mergeCombiners(iterator, self._next_limit()) - break - - def _partitioned_mergeCombiners(self, iterator, limit=0): - """ Partition the items by key, then merge them """ - comb, pdata = self.agg.mergeCombiners, self.pdata - c, hfun = 0, self._partition + comb, hfun, objsize = self.agg.mergeCombiners, self._partition, self._object_size + c, data, pdata, batch = 0, self.data, self.pdata, self.batch for k, v in iterator: - d = pdata[hfun(k)] + d = pdata[hfun(k)] if pdata else data d[k] = comb(d[k], v) if k in d else v if not limit: continue - c += 1 - if c % self.batch == 0 and get_used_memory() > limit: - self._spill() - limit = self._next_limit() + c += objsize(v) + if c > batch: + if get_used_memory() > limit: + self._spill() + limit = self._next_limit() + batch /= 2 + c = 0 + else: + batch *= 1.5 + + if limit and get_used_memory() >= limit: + self._spill() def _spill(self): """ @@ -335,7 +340,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): for k, v in self.data.iteritems(): h = self._partition(k) - # put one item in batch, make it compatitable with load_stream + # put one item in batch, make it compatible with load_stream # it will increase the memory if dump them in batch self.serializer.dump_stream([(k, v)], streams[h]) @@ -344,7 +349,7 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): s.close() self.data.clear() - self.pdata = [{} for i in range(self.partitions)] + self.pdata.extend([{} for i in range(self.partitions)]) else: for i in range(self.partitions): @@ -370,29 +375,12 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): assert not self.data if any(self.pdata): self._spill() - hard_limit = self._next_limit() + # disable partitioning and spilling when merge combiners from disk + self.pdata = [] try: for i in range(self.partitions): - self.data = {} - for j in range(self.spills): - path = self._get_spill_dir(j) - p = os.path.join(path, str(i)) - # do not check memory during merging - self.mergeCombiners(self.serializer.load_stream(open(p)), - False) - - # limit the total partitions - if (self.scale * self.partitions < self.MAX_TOTAL_PARTITIONS - and j < self.spills - 1 - and get_used_memory() > hard_limit): - self.data.clear() # will read from disk again - gc.collect() # release the memory as much as possible - for v in self._recursive_merged_items(i): - yield v - return - - for v in self.data.iteritems(): + for v in self._merged_items(i): yield v self.data.clear() @@ -400,53 +388,56 @@ class ExternalMerger(Merger): for j in range(self.spills): path = self._get_spill_dir(j) os.remove(os.path.join(path, str(i))) - finally: self._cleanup() - def _cleanup(self): - """ Clean up all the files in disks """ - for d in self.localdirs: - shutil.rmtree(d, True) + def _merged_items(self, index): + self.data = {} + limit = self._next_limit() + for j in range(self.spills): + path = self._get_spill_dir(j) + p = os.path.join(path, str(index)) + # do not check memory during merging + self.mergeCombiners(self.serializer.load_stream(open(p)), 0) + + # limit the total partitions + if (self.scale * self.partitions < self.MAX_TOTAL_PARTITIONS + and j < self.spills - 1 + and get_used_memory() > limit): + self.data.clear() # will read from disk again + gc.collect() # release the memory as much as possible + return self._recursive_merged_items(index) - def _recursive_merged_items(self, start): + return self.data.iteritems() + + def _recursive_merged_items(self, index): """ merge the partitioned items and return the as iterator If one partition can not be fit in memory, then them will be partitioned and merged recursively. """ - # make sure all the data are dumps into disks. - assert not self.data - if any(self.pdata): - self._spill() - assert self.spills > 0 - - for i in range(start, self.partitions): - subdirs = [os.path.join(d, "parts", str(i)) - for d in self.localdirs] - m = ExternalMerger(self.agg, self.memory_limit, self.serializer, - subdirs, self.scale * self.partitions, self.partitions) - m.pdata = [{} for _ in range(self.partitions)] - limit = self._next_limit() - - for j in range(self.spills): - path = self._get_spill_dir(j) - p = os.path.join(path, str(i)) - m._partitioned_mergeCombiners( - self.serializer.load_stream(open(p))) - - if get_used_memory() > limit: - m._spill() - limit = self._next_limit() + subdirs = [os.path.join(d, "parts", str(index)) for d in self.localdirs] + m = ExternalMerger(self.agg, self.memory_limit, self.serializer, subdirs, + self.scale * self.partitions, self.partitions, self.batch) + m.pdata = [{} for _ in range(self.partitions)] + limit = self._next_limit() + + for j in range(self.spills): + path = self._get_spill_dir(j) + p = os.path.join(path, str(index)) + m.mergeCombiners(self.serializer.load_stream(open(p)), 0) + + if get_used_memory() > limit: + m._spill() + limit = self._next_limit() - for v in m._external_items(): - yield v + return m._external_items() - # remove the merged partition - for j in range(self.spills): - path = self._get_spill_dir(j) - os.remove(os.path.join(path, str(i))) + def _cleanup(self): + """ Clean up all the files in disks """ + for d in self.localdirs: + shutil.rmtree(d, True) class ExternalSorter(object): @@ -457,6 +448,7 @@ class ExternalSorter(object): The spilling will only happen when the used memory goes above the limit. + >>> sorter = ExternalSorter(1) # 1M >>> import random >>> l = range(1024) @@ -469,7 +461,7 @@ class ExternalSorter(object): def __init__(self, memory_limit, serializer=None): self.memory_limit = memory_limit self.local_dirs = _get_local_dirs("sort") - self.serializer = serializer or AutoBatchedSerializer(PickleSerializer()) + self.serializer = _compressed_serializer(serializer) def _get_path(self, n): """ Choose one directory for spill by number n """ @@ -515,6 +507,7 @@ class ExternalSorter(object): limit = self._next_limit() MemoryBytesSpilled += (used_memory - get_used_memory()) << 20 DiskBytesSpilled += os.path.getsize(path) + os.unlink(path) # data will be deleted after close elif not chunks: batch = min(batch * 2, 10000) @@ -529,6 +522,310 @@ class ExternalSorter(object): return heapq.merge(chunks, key=key, reverse=reverse) +class ExternalList(object): + """ + ExternalList can have many items which cannot be hold in memory in + the same time. + + >>> l = ExternalList(range(100)) + >>> len(l) + 100 + >>> l.append(10) + >>> len(l) + 101 + >>> for i in range(20240): + ... l.append(i) + >>> len(l) + 20341 + >>> import pickle + >>> l2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(l)) + >>> len(l2) + 20341 + >>> list(l2)[100] + 10 + """ + LIMIT = 10240 + + def __init__(self, values): + self.values = values + self.count = len(values) + self._file = None + self._ser = None + + def __getstate__(self): + if self._file is not None: + self._file.flush() + f = os.fdopen(os.dup(self._file.fileno())) + f.seek(0) + serialized = f.read() + else: + serialized = '' + return self.values, self.count, serialized + + def __setstate__(self, item): + self.values, self.count, serialized = item + if serialized: + self._open_file() + self._file.write(serialized) + else: + self._file = None + self._ser = None + + def __iter__(self): + if self._file is not None: + self._file.flush() + # read all items from disks first + with os.fdopen(os.dup(self._file.fileno()), 'r') as f: + f.seek(0) + for v in self._ser.load_stream(f): + yield v + + for v in self.values: + yield v + + def __len__(self): + return self.count + + def append(self, value): + self.values.append(value) + self.count += 1 + # dump them into disk if the key is huge + if len(self.values) >= self.LIMIT: + self._spill() + + def _open_file(self): + dirs = _get_local_dirs("objects") + d = dirs[id(self) % len(dirs)] + if not os.path.exists(d): + os.makedirs(d) + p = os.path.join(d, str(id)) + self._file = open(p, "w+", 65536) + self._ser = BatchedSerializer(CompressedSerializer(PickleSerializer()), 1024) + os.unlink(p) + + def _spill(self): + """ dump the values into disk """ + global MemoryBytesSpilled, DiskBytesSpilled + if self._file is None: + self._open_file() + + used_memory = get_used_memory() + pos = self._file.tell() + self._ser.dump_stream(self.values, self._file) + self.values = [] + gc.collect() + DiskBytesSpilled += self._file.tell() - pos + MemoryBytesSpilled += (used_memory - get_used_memory()) << 20 + + +class ExternalListOfList(ExternalList): + """ + An external list for list. + + >>> l = ExternalListOfList([[i, i] for i in range(100)]) + >>> len(l) + 200 + >>> l.append(range(10)) + >>> len(l) + 210 + >>> len(list(l)) + 210 + """ + + def __init__(self, values): + ExternalList.__init__(self, values) + self.count = sum(len(i) for i in values) + + def append(self, value): + ExternalList.append(self, value) + # already counted 1 in ExternalList.append + self.count += len(value) - 1 + + def __iter__(self): + for values in ExternalList.__iter__(self): + for v in values: + yield v + + +class GroupByKey(object): + """ + Group a sorted iterator as [(k1, it1), (k2, it2), ...] + + >>> k = [i/3 for i in range(6)] + >>> v = [[i] for i in range(6)] + >>> g = GroupByKey(iter(zip(k, v))) + >>> [(k, list(it)) for k, it in g] + [(0, [0, 1, 2]), (1, [3, 4, 5])] + """ + + def __init__(self, iterator): + self.iterator = iter(iterator) + self.next_item = None + + def __iter__(self): + return self + + def next(self): + key, value = self.next_item if self.next_item else next(self.iterator) + values = ExternalListOfList([value]) + try: + while True: + k, v = next(self.iterator) + if k != key: + self.next_item = (k, v) + break + values.append(v) + except StopIteration: + self.next_item = None + return key, values + + +class ExternalGroupBy(ExternalMerger): + + """ + Group by the items by key. If any partition of them can not been + hold in memory, it will do sort based group by. + + This class works as follows: + + - It repeatedly group the items by key and save them in one dict in + memory. + + - When the used memory goes above memory limit, it will split + the combined data into partitions by hash code, dump them + into disk, one file per partition. If the number of keys + in one partitions is smaller than 1000, it will sort them + by key before dumping into disk. + + - Then it goes through the rest of the iterator, group items + by key into different dict by hash. Until the used memory goes over + memory limit, it dump all the dicts into disks, one file per + dict. Repeat this again until combine all the items. It + also will try to sort the items by key in each partition + before dumping into disks. + + - It will yield the grouped items partitions by partitions. + If the data in one partitions can be hold in memory, then it + will load and combine them in memory and yield. + + - If the dataset in one partition cannot be hold in memory, + it will sort them first. If all the files are already sorted, + it merge them by heap.merge(), so it will do external sort + for all the files. + + - After sorting, `GroupByKey` class will put all the continuous + items with the same key as a group, yield the values as + an iterator. + """ + SORT_KEY_LIMIT = 1000 + + def flattened_serializer(self): + assert isinstance(self.serializer, BatchedSerializer) + ser = self.serializer + return FlattenedValuesSerializer(ser, 20) + + def _object_size(self, obj): + return len(obj) + + def _spill(self): + """ + dump already partitioned data into disks. + """ + global MemoryBytesSpilled, DiskBytesSpilled + path = self._get_spill_dir(self.spills) + if not os.path.exists(path): + os.makedirs(path) + + used_memory = get_used_memory() + if not self.pdata: + # The data has not been partitioned, it will iterator the + # data once, write them into different files, has no + # additional memory. It only called when the memory goes + # above limit at the first time. + + # open all the files for writing + streams = [open(os.path.join(path, str(i)), 'w') + for i in range(self.partitions)] + + # If the number of keys is small, then the overhead of sort is small + # sort them before dumping into disks + self._sorted = len(self.data) < self.SORT_KEY_LIMIT + if self._sorted: + self.serializer = self.flattened_serializer() + for k in sorted(self.data.keys()): + h = self._partition(k) + self.serializer.dump_stream([(k, self.data[k])], streams[h]) + else: + for k, v in self.data.iteritems(): + h = self._partition(k) + self.serializer.dump_stream([(k, v)], streams[h]) + + for s in streams: + DiskBytesSpilled += s.tell() + s.close() + + self.data.clear() + # self.pdata is cached in `mergeValues` and `mergeCombiners` + self.pdata.extend([{} for i in range(self.partitions)]) + + else: + for i in range(self.partitions): + p = os.path.join(path, str(i)) + with open(p, "w") as f: + # dump items in batch + if self._sorted: + # sort by key only (stable) + sorted_items = sorted(self.pdata[i].iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(0)) + self.serializer.dump_stream(sorted_items, f) + else: + self.serializer.dump_stream(self.pdata[i].iteritems(), f) + self.pdata[i].clear() + DiskBytesSpilled += os.path.getsize(p) + + self.spills += 1 + gc.collect() # release the memory as much as possible + MemoryBytesSpilled += (used_memory - get_used_memory()) << 20 + + def _merged_items(self, index): + size = sum(os.path.getsize(os.path.join(self._get_spill_dir(j), str(index))) + for j in range(self.spills)) + # if the memory can not hold all the partition, + # then use sort based merge. Because of compression, + # the data on disks will be much smaller than needed memory + if (size >> 20) >= self.memory_limit / 10: + return self._merge_sorted_items(index) + + self.data = {} + for j in range(self.spills): + path = self._get_spill_dir(j) + p = os.path.join(path, str(index)) + # do not check memory during merging + self.mergeCombiners(self.serializer.load_stream(open(p)), 0) + return self.data.iteritems() + + def _merge_sorted_items(self, index): + """ load a partition from disk, then sort and group by key """ + def load_partition(j): + path = self._get_spill_dir(j) + p = os.path.join(path, str(index)) + return self.serializer.load_stream(open(p, 'r', 65536)) + + disk_items = [load_partition(j) for j in range(self.spills)] + + if self._sorted: + # all the partitions are already sorted + sorted_items = heapq.merge(disk_items, key=operator.itemgetter(0)) + + else: + # Flatten the combined values, so it will not consume huge + # memory during merging sort. + ser = self.flattened_serializer() + sorter = ExternalSorter(self.memory_limit, ser) + sorted_items = sorter.sorted(itertools.chain(*disk_items), + key=operator.itemgetter(0)) + return ((k, vs) for k, vs in GroupByKey(sorted_items)) + + if __name__ == "__main__": import doctest doctest.testmod() |