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authorLorenz Meier <lm@inf.ethz.ch>2014-07-15 22:07:03 +0200
committerLorenz Meier <lm@inf.ethz.ch>2014-07-15 22:07:03 +0200
commite696ed5509d001e181c33a2379d634e76190c42a (patch)
tree8fd3e88c0782ceb90e6b9589daa1290d548058fd /src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator
parent79aa600d29c66e4619aacf73e71e51df13560205 (diff)
parent619433d36911b9c3923bae666d3632beb713935f (diff)
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Merged master
Diffstat (limited to 'src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator')
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp1014
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.cpp2142
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.h247
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.cpp (renamed from src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.cpp)1243
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.h (renamed from src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.h)122
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.cpp162
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.h89
-rw-r--r--src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/module.mk5
8 files changed, 4142 insertions, 882 deletions
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp
index d806b0241..ccc497323 100644
--- a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@
#include <math.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <time.h>
-#include <drivers/drv_hrt.h>
+#include <float.h>
#define SENSOR_COMBINED_SUB
-
+#include <drivers/drv_hrt.h>
#include <drivers/drv_gyro.h>
#include <drivers/drv_accel.h>
#include <drivers/drv_mag.h>
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@
#include <uORB/topics/estimator_status.h>
#include <uORB/topics/actuator_armed.h>
#include <uORB/topics/home_position.h>
+#include <uORB/topics/wind_estimate.h>
#include <systemlib/param/param.h>
#include <systemlib/err.h>
#include <geo/geo.h>
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@
#include <mathlib/mathlib.h>
#include <mavlink/mavlink_log.h>
-#include "estimator.h"
+#include "estimator_23states.h"
@@ -95,7 +96,6 @@ extern "C" __EXPORT int ekf_att_pos_estimator_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
__EXPORT uint32_t millis();
-static uint64_t last_run = 0;
static uint64_t IMUmsec = 0;
static const uint64_t FILTER_INIT_DELAY = 1 * 1000 * 1000;
@@ -112,6 +112,10 @@ public:
*/
FixedwingEstimator();
+ /* we do not want people ever copying this class */
+ FixedwingEstimator(const FixedwingEstimator& that) = delete;
+ FixedwingEstimator operator=(const FixedwingEstimator&) = delete;
+
/**
* Destructor, also kills the sensors task.
*/
@@ -120,11 +124,18 @@ public:
/**
* Start the sensors task.
*
- * @return OK on success.
+ * @return OK on success.
*/
int start();
/**
+ * Task status
+ *
+ * @return true if the mainloop is running
+ */
+ bool task_running() { return _task_running; }
+
+ /**
* Print the current status.
*/
void print_status();
@@ -134,10 +145,25 @@ public:
*/
int trip_nan();
+ /**
+ * Enable logging.
+ *
+ * @param enable Set to true to enable logging, false to disable
+ */
+ int enable_logging(bool enable);
+
+ /**
+ * Set debug level.
+ *
+ * @param debug Desired debug level - 0 to disable.
+ */
+ int set_debuglevel(unsigned debug) { _debug = debug; return 0; }
+
private:
bool _task_should_exit; /**< if true, sensor task should exit */
- int _estimator_task; /**< task handle for sensor task */
+ bool _task_running; /**< if true, task is running in its mainloop */
+ int _estimator_task; /**< task handle for sensor task */
#ifndef SENSOR_COMBINED_SUB
int _gyro_sub; /**< gyro sensor subscription */
int _accel_sub; /**< accel sensor subscription */
@@ -158,6 +184,7 @@ private:
orb_advert_t _global_pos_pub; /**< global position */
orb_advert_t _local_pos_pub; /**< position in local frame */
orb_advert_t _estimator_status_pub; /**< status of the estimator */
+ orb_advert_t _wind_pub; /**< wind estimate */
struct vehicle_attitude_s _att; /**< vehicle attitude */
struct gyro_report _gyro;
@@ -169,6 +196,7 @@ private:
struct vehicle_global_position_s _global_pos; /**< global vehicle position */
struct vehicle_local_position_s _local_pos; /**< local vehicle position */
struct vehicle_gps_position_s _gps; /**< GPS position */
+ struct wind_estimate_s _wind; /**< Wind estimate */
struct gyro_scale _gyro_offsets;
struct accel_scale _accel_offsets;
@@ -181,24 +209,28 @@ private:
struct map_projection_reference_s _pos_ref;
float _baro_ref; /**< barometer reference altitude */
- float _baro_gps_offset; /**< offset between GPS and baro */
+ float _baro_ref_offset; /**< offset between initial baro reference and GPS init baro altitude */
+ float _baro_gps_offset; /**< offset between baro altitude (at GPS init time) and GPS altitude */
- perf_counter_t _loop_perf; /**< loop performance counter */
+ perf_counter_t _loop_perf; ///< loop performance counter
perf_counter_t _perf_gyro; ///<local performance counter for gyro updates
- perf_counter_t _perf_accel; ///<local performance counter for accel updates
perf_counter_t _perf_mag; ///<local performance counter for mag updates
perf_counter_t _perf_gps; ///<local performance counter for gps updates
perf_counter_t _perf_baro; ///<local performance counter for baro updates
perf_counter_t _perf_airspeed; ///<local performance counter for airspeed updates
+ perf_counter_t _perf_reset; ///<local performance counter for filter resets
- bool _initialized;
bool _baro_init;
bool _gps_initialized;
- uint64_t _gps_start_time;
- uint64_t _filter_start_time;
+ hrt_abstime _gps_start_time;
+ hrt_abstime _filter_start_time;
+ hrt_abstime _last_sensor_timestamp;
+ hrt_abstime _last_run;
bool _gyro_valid;
bool _accel_valid;
bool _mag_valid;
+ bool _ekf_logging; ///< log EKF state
+ unsigned _debug; ///< debug level - default 0
int _mavlink_fd;
@@ -246,6 +278,10 @@ private:
AttPosEKF *_ekf;
+ float _velocity_xy_filtered;
+ float _velocity_z_filtered;
+ float _airspeed_filtered;
+
/**
* Update our local parameter cache.
*/
@@ -268,9 +304,16 @@ private:
static void task_main_trampoline(int argc, char *argv[]);
/**
- * Main sensor collection task.
+ * Main filter task.
*/
void task_main();
+
+ /**
+ * Check filter sanity state
+ *
+ * @return zero if ok, non-zero for a filter error condition.
+ */
+ int check_filter_state();
};
namespace estimator
@@ -282,12 +325,13 @@ namespace estimator
#endif
static const int ERROR = -1;
-FixedwingEstimator *g_estimator;
+FixedwingEstimator *g_estimator = nullptr;
}
FixedwingEstimator::FixedwingEstimator() :
_task_should_exit(false),
+ _task_running(false),
_estimator_task(-1),
/* subscriptions */
@@ -312,6 +356,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::FixedwingEstimator() :
_global_pos_pub(-1),
_local_pos_pub(-1),
_estimator_status_pub(-1),
+ _wind_pub(-1),
_att({}),
_gyro({}),
@@ -323,39 +368,52 @@ FixedwingEstimator::FixedwingEstimator() :
_global_pos({}),
_local_pos({}),
_gps({}),
+ _wind({}),
_gyro_offsets({}),
_accel_offsets({}),
_mag_offsets({}),
#ifdef SENSOR_COMBINED_SUB
- _sensor_combined({}),
+ _sensor_combined{},
#endif
+ _pos_ref{},
_baro_ref(0.0f),
+ _baro_ref_offset(0.0f),
_baro_gps_offset(0.0f),
/* performance counters */
- _loop_perf(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_estimator")),
- _perf_gyro(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_gyro_upd")),
- _perf_accel(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_accel_upd")),
- _perf_mag(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_mag_upd")),
- _perf_gps(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_gps_upd")),
- _perf_baro(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_baro_upd")),
- _perf_airspeed(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_aspd_upd")),
+ _loop_perf(perf_alloc(PC_ELAPSED, "ekf_att_pos_estimator")),
+ _perf_gyro(perf_alloc(PC_INTERVAL, "ekf_att_pos_gyro_upd")),
+ _perf_mag(perf_alloc(PC_INTERVAL, "ekf_att_pos_mag_upd")),
+ _perf_gps(perf_alloc(PC_INTERVAL, "ekf_att_pos_gps_upd")),
+ _perf_baro(perf_alloc(PC_INTERVAL, "ekf_att_pos_baro_upd")),
+ _perf_airspeed(perf_alloc(PC_INTERVAL, "ekf_att_pos_aspd_upd")),
+ _perf_reset(perf_alloc(PC_COUNT, "ekf_att_pos_reset")),
/* states */
- _initialized(false),
_baro_init(false),
_gps_initialized(false),
+ _gps_start_time(0),
+ _filter_start_time(0),
+ _last_sensor_timestamp(0),
+ _last_run(0),
_gyro_valid(false),
_accel_valid(false),
_mag_valid(false),
+ _ekf_logging(true),
+ _debug(0),
_mavlink_fd(-1),
- _ekf(nullptr)
+ _parameters{},
+ _parameter_handles{},
+ _ekf(nullptr),
+ _velocity_xy_filtered(0.0f),
+ _velocity_z_filtered(0.0f),
+ _airspeed_filtered(0.0f)
{
- last_run = hrt_absolute_time();
+ _last_run = hrt_absolute_time();
_parameter_handles.vel_delay_ms = param_find("PE_VEL_DELAY_MS");
_parameter_handles.pos_delay_ms = param_find("PE_POS_DELAY_MS");
@@ -439,10 +497,20 @@ FixedwingEstimator::~FixedwingEstimator()
} while (_estimator_task != -1);
}
+ delete _ekf;
+
estimator::g_estimator = nullptr;
}
int
+FixedwingEstimator::enable_logging(bool logging)
+{
+ _ekf_logging = logging;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int
FixedwingEstimator::parameters_update()
{
@@ -500,6 +568,120 @@ FixedwingEstimator::vehicle_status_poll()
}
}
+int
+FixedwingEstimator::check_filter_state()
+{
+ /*
+ * CHECK IF THE INPUT DATA IS SANE
+ */
+
+ struct ekf_status_report ekf_report;
+
+ int check = _ekf->CheckAndBound(&ekf_report);
+
+ const char* const feedback[] = { 0,
+ "NaN in states, resetting",
+ "stale IMU data, resetting",
+ "got initial position lock",
+ "excessive gyro offsets",
+ "GPS velocity divergence",
+ "excessive covariances",
+ "unknown condition"};
+
+ // Print out error condition
+ if (check) {
+ unsigned warn_index = static_cast<unsigned>(check);
+ unsigned max_warn_index = (sizeof(feedback) / sizeof(feedback[0]));
+
+ if (max_warn_index < warn_index) {
+ warn_index = max_warn_index;
+ }
+
+ warnx("reset: %s", feedback[warn_index]);
+ mavlink_log_critical(_mavlink_fd, "[ekf] re-init: %s", feedback[warn_index]);
+ }
+
+ struct estimator_status_report rep;
+ memset(&rep, 0, sizeof(rep));
+
+ // If error flag is set, we got a filter reset
+ if (check && ekf_report.error) {
+
+ // Count the reset condition
+ perf_count(_perf_reset);
+
+ } else if (_ekf_logging) {
+ _ekf->GetFilterState(&ekf_report);
+ }
+
+ if (_ekf_logging || check) {
+ rep.timestamp = hrt_absolute_time();
+
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.angNaN) << 0);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.summedDelVelNaN) << 1);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.KHNaN) << 2);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.KHPNaN) << 3);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.PNaN) << 4);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.covarianceNaN) << 5);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.kalmanGainsNaN) << 6);
+ rep.nan_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.statesNaN) << 7);
+
+ rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.velHealth) << 0);
+ rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.posHealth) << 1);
+ rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.hgtHealth) << 2);
+ rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)!ekf_report.gyroOffsetsExcessive) << 3);
+ // rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.onGround) << 4);
+ // rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.staticMode) << 5);
+ // rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.useCompass) << 6);
+ // rep.health_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.useAirspeed) << 7);
+
+ rep.timeout_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.velTimeout) << 0);
+ rep.timeout_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.posTimeout) << 1);
+ rep.timeout_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.hgtTimeout) << 2);
+ rep.timeout_flags |= (((uint8_t)ekf_report.imuTimeout) << 3);
+
+ if (_debug > 10) {
+
+ if (rep.health_flags < ((1 << 0) | (1 << 1) | (1 << 2) | (1 << 3))) {
+ warnx("health: VEL:%s POS:%s HGT:%s OFFS:%s",
+ ((rep.health_flags & (1 << 0)) ? "OK" : "ERR"),
+ ((rep.health_flags & (1 << 1)) ? "OK" : "ERR"),
+ ((rep.health_flags & (1 << 2)) ? "OK" : "ERR"),
+ ((rep.health_flags & (1 << 3)) ? "OK" : "ERR"));
+ }
+
+ if (rep.timeout_flags) {
+ warnx("timeout: %s%s%s%s",
+ ((rep.timeout_flags & (1 << 0)) ? "VEL " : ""),
+ ((rep.timeout_flags & (1 << 1)) ? "POS " : ""),
+ ((rep.timeout_flags & (1 << 2)) ? "HGT " : ""),
+ ((rep.timeout_flags & (1 << 3)) ? "IMU " : ""));
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Copy all states or at least all that we can fit
+ unsigned ekf_n_states = ekf_report.n_states;
+ unsigned max_states = (sizeof(rep.states) / sizeof(rep.states[0]));
+ rep.n_states = (ekf_n_states < max_states) ? ekf_n_states : max_states;
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < rep.n_states; i++) {
+ rep.states[i] = ekf_report.states[i];
+ }
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < rep.n_states; i++) {
+ rep.states[i] = ekf_report.states[i];
+ }
+
+ if (_estimator_status_pub > 0) {
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(estimator_status), _estimator_status_pub, &rep);
+ } else {
+ _estimator_status_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(estimator_status), &rep);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return check;
+}
+
void
FixedwingEstimator::task_main_trampoline(int argc, char *argv[])
{
@@ -516,7 +698,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
_filter_start_time = hrt_absolute_time();
if (!_ekf) {
- errx(1, "failed allocating EKF filter - out of RAM!");
+ errx(1, "OUT OF MEM!");
}
/*
@@ -544,14 +726,14 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
#else
_sensor_combined_sub = orb_subscribe(ORB_ID(sensor_combined));
/* XXX remove this!, BUT increase the data buffer size! */
- orb_set_interval(_sensor_combined_sub, 4);
+ orb_set_interval(_sensor_combined_sub, 9);
#endif
/* sets also parameters in the EKF object */
parameters_update();
- Vector3f lastAngRate = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
- Vector3f lastAccel = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
+ Vector3f lastAngRate;
+ Vector3f lastAccel;
/* wakeup source(s) */
struct pollfd fds[2];
@@ -572,6 +754,15 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
bool newAdsData = false;
bool newDataMag = false;
+ float posNED[3] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // North, East Down position (m)
+
+ uint64_t last_gps = 0;
+ _gps.vel_n_m_s = 0.0f;
+ _gps.vel_e_m_s = 0.0f;
+ _gps.vel_d_m_s = 0.0f;
+
+ _task_running = true;
+
while (!_task_should_exit) {
/* wait for up to 500ms for data */
@@ -583,7 +774,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
/* this is undesirable but not much we can do - might want to flag unhappy status */
if (pret < 0) {
- warn("poll error %d, %d", pret, errno);
+ warn("POLL ERR %d, %d", pret, errno);
continue;
}
@@ -609,8 +800,6 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
bool accel_updated;
bool mag_updated;
- hrt_abstime last_sensor_timestamp;
-
perf_count(_perf_gyro);
/* Reset baro reference if switching to HIL, reset sensor states */
@@ -634,12 +823,12 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
_baro_init = false;
_gps_initialized = false;
- last_sensor_timestamp = hrt_absolute_time();
- last_run = last_sensor_timestamp;
+ _last_sensor_timestamp = hrt_absolute_time();
+ _last_run = _last_sensor_timestamp;
_ekf->ZeroVariables();
_ekf->dtIMU = 0.01f;
- _filter_start_time = last_sensor_timestamp;
+ _filter_start_time = _last_sensor_timestamp;
/* now skip this loop and get data on the next one, which will also re-init the filter */
continue;
@@ -657,15 +846,14 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
orb_check(_accel_sub, &accel_updated);
if (accel_updated) {
- perf_count(_perf_accel);
orb_copy(ORB_ID(sensor_accel), _accel_sub, &_accel);
}
- last_sensor_timestamp = _gyro.timestamp;
+ _last_sensor_timestamp = _gyro.timestamp;
IMUmsec = _gyro.timestamp / 1e3f;
- float deltaT = (_gyro.timestamp - last_run) / 1e6f;
- last_run = _gyro.timestamp;
+ float deltaT = (_gyro.timestamp - _last_run) / 1e6f;
+ _last_run = _gyro.timestamp;
/* guard against too large deltaT's */
if (!isfinite(deltaT) || deltaT > 1.0f || deltaT < 0.000001f) {
@@ -725,17 +913,17 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
// Copy gyro and accel
- last_sensor_timestamp = _sensor_combined.timestamp;
+ _last_sensor_timestamp = _sensor_combined.timestamp;
IMUmsec = _sensor_combined.timestamp / 1e3f;
- float deltaT = (_sensor_combined.timestamp - last_run) / 1e6f;
+ float deltaT = (_sensor_combined.timestamp - _last_run) / 1e6f;
/* guard against too large deltaT's */
if (!isfinite(deltaT) || deltaT > 1.0f || deltaT < 0.000001f) {
deltaT = 0.01f;
}
- last_run = _sensor_combined.timestamp;
+ _last_run = _sensor_combined.timestamp;
// Always store data, independent of init status
/* fill in last data set */
@@ -753,6 +941,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
}
_gyro_valid = true;
+ perf_count(_perf_gyro);
}
if (accel_updated) {
@@ -784,6 +973,8 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
#endif
+ //warnx("dang: %8.4f %8.4f dvel: %8.4f %8.4f", _ekf->dAngIMU.x, _ekf->dAngIMU.z, _ekf->dVelIMU.x, _ekf->dVelIMU.z);
+
bool airspeed_updated;
orb_check(_airspeed_sub, &airspeed_updated);
@@ -803,7 +994,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
if (gps_updated) {
- uint64_t last_gps = _gps.timestamp_position;
+ last_gps = _gps.timestamp_position;
orb_copy(ORB_ID(vehicle_gps_position), _gps_sub, &_gps);
perf_count(_perf_gps);
@@ -871,6 +1062,8 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
warnx("ALT REF INIT");
}
+ perf_count(_perf_baro);
+
newHgtData = true;
} else {
newHgtData = false;
@@ -921,127 +1114,39 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
newDataMag = false;
}
-
- /**
- * CHECK IF THE INPUT DATA IS SANE
+ /*
+ * CHECK IF ITS THE RIGHT TIME TO RUN THINGS ALREADY
*/
- int check = _ekf->CheckAndBound();
-
- const char* ekfname = "[ekf] ";
-
- switch (check) {
- case 0:
- /* all ok */
- break;
- case 1:
- {
- const char* str = "NaN in states, resetting";
- warnx("%s", str);
- mavlink_log_critical(_mavlink_fd, "%s%s", ekfname, str);
- break;
- }
- case 2:
- {
- const char* str = "stale IMU data, resetting";
- warnx("%s", str);
- mavlink_log_critical(_mavlink_fd, "%s%s", ekfname, str);
- break;
- }
- case 3:
- {
- const char* str = "switching to dynamic state";
- warnx("%s", str);
- mavlink_log_info(_mavlink_fd, "%s%s", ekfname, str);
- break;
- }
-
- default:
- {
- const char* str = "unknown reset condition";
- warnx("%s", str);
- mavlink_log_critical(_mavlink_fd, "%s%s", ekfname, str);
- }
- }
-
- // warn on fatal resets
- if (check == 1) {
- warnx("NUMERIC ERROR IN FILTER");
- }
-
- // If non-zero, we got a filter reset
- if (check) {
-
- struct ekf_status_report ekf_report;
-
- _ekf->GetLastErrorState(&ekf_report);
-
- struct estimator_status_report rep;
- memset(&rep, 0, sizeof(rep));
- rep.timestamp = hrt_absolute_time();
-
- rep.states_nan = ekf_report.statesNaN;
- rep.covariance_nan = ekf_report.covarianceNaN;
- rep.kalman_gain_nan = ekf_report.kalmanGainsNaN;
-
- // Copy all states or at least all that we can fit
- unsigned i = 0;
- unsigned ekf_n_states = (sizeof(ekf_report.states) / sizeof(ekf_report.states[0]));
- unsigned max_states = (sizeof(rep.states) / sizeof(rep.states[0]));
- rep.n_states = (ekf_n_states < max_states) ? ekf_n_states : max_states;
-
- while ((i < ekf_n_states) && (i < max_states)) {
-
- rep.states[i] = ekf_report.states[i];
- i++;
- }
-
- if (_estimator_status_pub > 0) {
- orb_publish(ORB_ID(estimator_status), _estimator_status_pub, &rep);
- } else {
- _estimator_status_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(estimator_status), &rep);
- }
-
- /* set sensors to de-initialized state */
- _gyro_valid = false;
- _accel_valid = false;
- _mag_valid = false;
-
- _baro_init = false;
- _gps_initialized = false;
- last_sensor_timestamp = hrt_absolute_time();
- last_run = last_sensor_timestamp;
-
- _ekf->ZeroVariables();
- _ekf->dtIMU = 0.01f;
-
- // Let the system re-initialize itself
+ if (hrt_elapsed_time(&_filter_start_time) < FILTER_INIT_DELAY) {
continue;
-
}
-
/**
* PART TWO: EXECUTE THE FILTER
+ *
+ * We run the filter only once all data has been fetched
**/
- if ((hrt_elapsed_time(&_filter_start_time) > FILTER_INIT_DELAY) && _baro_init && _gyro_valid && _accel_valid && _mag_valid) {
+ if (_baro_init && _gyro_valid && _accel_valid && _mag_valid) {
float initVelNED[3];
- if (!_gps_initialized && _gps.fix_type > 2 && _gps.eph_m < _parameters.pos_stddev_threshold && _gps.epv_m < _parameters.pos_stddev_threshold) {
-
- initVelNED[0] = _gps.vel_n_m_s;
- initVelNED[1] = _gps.vel_e_m_s;
- initVelNED[2] = _gps.vel_d_m_s;
+ /* Initialize the filter first */
+ if (!_gps_initialized && _gps.fix_type > 2 && _gps.eph < _parameters.pos_stddev_threshold && _gps.epv < _parameters.pos_stddev_threshold) {
// GPS is in scaled integers, convert
double lat = _gps.lat / 1.0e7;
double lon = _gps.lon / 1.0e7;
float gps_alt = _gps.alt / 1e3f;
+ initVelNED[0] = _gps.vel_n_m_s;
+ initVelNED[1] = _gps.vel_e_m_s;
+ initVelNED[2] = _gps.vel_d_m_s;
+
// Set up height correctly
orb_copy(ORB_ID(sensor_baro0), _baro_sub, &_baro);
- _baro_gps_offset = _baro_ref - _baro.altitude;
+ _baro_ref_offset = _ekf->states[9]; // this should become zero in the local frame
+ _baro_gps_offset = _baro.altitude - gps_alt;
_ekf->baroHgt = _baro.altitude;
_ekf->hgtMea = 1.0f * (_ekf->baroHgt - (_baro_ref));
@@ -1065,10 +1170,13 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
map_projection_init(&_pos_ref, lat, lon);
mavlink_log_info(_mavlink_fd, "[ekf] ref: LA %.4f,LO %.4f,ALT %.2f", lat, lon, (double)gps_alt);
+
+ #if 0
warnx("HOME/REF: LA %8.4f,LO %8.4f,ALT %8.2f V: %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f", lat, lon, (double)gps_alt,
(double)_ekf->velNED[0], (double)_ekf->velNED[1], (double)_ekf->velNED[2]);
- warnx("BARO: %8.4f m / ref: %8.4f m / gps offs: %8.4f m", (double)_ekf->baroHgt, (double)_baro_ref, (double)_baro_gps_offset);
- warnx("GPS: eph: %8.4f, epv: %8.4f, declination: %8.4f", (double)_gps.eph_m, (double)_gps.epv_m, (double)math::degrees(declination));
+ warnx("BARO: %8.4f m / ref: %8.4f m / gps offs: %8.4f m", (double)_ekf->baroHgt, (double)_baro_ref, (double)_baro_ref_offset);
+ warnx("GPS: eph: %8.4f, epv: %8.4f, declination: %8.4f", (double)_gps.eph, (double)_gps.epv, (double)math::degrees(declination));
+ #endif
_gps_initialized = true;
@@ -1077,264 +1185,327 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
initVelNED[0] = 0.0f;
initVelNED[1] = 0.0f;
initVelNED[2] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[0] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[1] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[2] = 0.0f;
-
- _ekf->posNE[0] = _ekf->posNED[0];
- _ekf->posNE[1] = _ekf->posNED[1];
+ _ekf->posNE[0] = posNED[0];
+ _ekf->posNE[1] = posNED[1];
_local_pos.ref_alt = _baro_ref;
+ _baro_ref_offset = 0.0f;
_baro_gps_offset = 0.0f;
_ekf->InitialiseFilter(initVelNED, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0f, 0.0f);
- }
- }
-
- // If valid IMU data and states initialised, predict states and covariances
- if (_ekf->statesInitialised) {
- // Run the strapdown INS equations every IMU update
- _ekf->UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED();
-#if 0
- // debug code - could be tunred into a filter mnitoring/watchdog function
- float tempQuat[4];
-
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 3; j++) tempQuat[j] = states[j];
-
- quat2eul(eulerEst, tempQuat);
-
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 2; j++) eulerDif[j] = eulerEst[j] - ahrsEul[j];
-
- if (eulerDif[2] > pi) eulerDif[2] -= 2 * pi;
-
- if (eulerDif[2] < -pi) eulerDif[2] += 2 * pi;
-
-#endif
- // store the predicted states for subsequent use by measurement fusion
- _ekf->StoreStates(IMUmsec);
- // Check if on ground - status is used by covariance prediction
- _ekf->OnGroundCheck();
- // sum delta angles and time used by covariance prediction
- _ekf->summedDelAng = _ekf->summedDelAng + _ekf->correctedDelAng;
- _ekf->summedDelVel = _ekf->summedDelVel + _ekf->dVelIMU;
- dt += _ekf->dtIMU;
-
- // perform a covariance prediction if the total delta angle has exceeded the limit
- // or the time limit will be exceeded at the next IMU update
- if ((dt >= (_ekf->covTimeStepMax - _ekf->dtIMU)) || (_ekf->summedDelAng.length() > _ekf->covDelAngMax)) {
- _ekf->CovariancePrediction(dt);
- _ekf->summedDelAng.zero();
- _ekf->summedDelVel.zero();
- dt = 0.0f;
- }
-
- _initialized = true;
- }
- // Fuse GPS Measurements
- if (newDataGps && _gps_initialized) {
- // Convert GPS measurements to Pos NE, hgt and Vel NED
- _ekf->velNED[0] = _gps.vel_n_m_s;
- _ekf->velNED[1] = _gps.vel_e_m_s;
- _ekf->velNED[2] = _gps.vel_d_m_s;
- _ekf->calcposNED(_ekf->posNED, _ekf->gpsLat, _ekf->gpsLon, _ekf->gpsHgt, _ekf->latRef, _ekf->lonRef, _ekf->hgtRef);
-
- _ekf->posNE[0] = _ekf->posNED[0];
- _ekf->posNE[1] = _ekf->posNED[1];
- // set fusion flags
- _ekf->fuseVelData = true;
- _ekf->fusePosData = true;
- // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVelTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.vel_delay_ms));
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtPosTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.pos_delay_ms));
- // run the fusion step
- _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
-
- } else if (_ekf->statesInitialised) {
- // Convert GPS measurements to Pos NE, hgt and Vel NED
- _ekf->velNED[0] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->velNED[1] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->velNED[2] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[0] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[1] = 0.0f;
- _ekf->posNED[2] = 0.0f;
-
- _ekf->posNE[0] = _ekf->posNED[0];
- _ekf->posNE[1] = _ekf->posNED[1];
- // set fusion flags
- _ekf->fuseVelData = true;
- _ekf->fusePosData = true;
- // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVelTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.vel_delay_ms));
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtPosTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.pos_delay_ms));
- // run the fusion step
- _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
+ } else if (_ekf->statesInitialised) {
- } else {
- _ekf->fuseVelData = false;
- _ekf->fusePosData = false;
- }
+ // We're apparently initialized in this case now
+ int check = check_filter_state();
- if (newHgtData && _ekf->statesInitialised) {
- // Could use a blend of GPS and baro alt data if desired
- _ekf->hgtMea = 1.0f * (_ekf->baroHgt - _baro_ref);
- _ekf->fuseHgtData = true;
- // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtHgtTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.height_delay_ms));
- // run the fusion step
- _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
+ if (check) {
+ // Let the system re-initialize itself
+ continue;
+ }
- } else {
- _ekf->fuseHgtData = false;
- }
+ // Run the strapdown INS equations every IMU update
+ _ekf->UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED();
+ #if 0
+ // debug code - could be tunred into a filter mnitoring/watchdog function
+ float tempQuat[4];
- // Fuse Magnetometer Measurements
- if (newDataMag && _ekf->statesInitialised) {
- _ekf->fuseMagData = true;
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtMagMeasTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.mag_delay_ms)); // Assume 50 msec avg delay for magnetometer data
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 3; j++) tempQuat[j] = states[j];
- } else {
- _ekf->fuseMagData = false;
- }
+ quat2eul(eulerEst, tempQuat);
- if (_ekf->statesInitialised) _ekf->FuseMagnetometer();
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 2; j++) eulerDif[j] = eulerEst[j] - ahrsEul[j];
- // Fuse Airspeed Measurements
- if (newAdsData && _ekf->statesInitialised && _ekf->VtasMeas > 8.0f) {
- _ekf->fuseVtasData = true;
- _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVtasMeasTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.tas_delay_ms)); // assume 100 msec avg delay for airspeed data
- _ekf->FuseAirspeed();
+ if (eulerDif[2] > pi) eulerDif[2] -= 2 * pi;
- } else {
- _ekf->fuseVtasData = false;
- }
+ if (eulerDif[2] < -pi) eulerDif[2] += 2 * pi;
- // Publish results
- if (_initialized && (check == OK)) {
-
-
-
- // State vector:
- // 0-3: quaternions (q0, q1, q2, q3)
- // 4-6: Velocity - m/sec (North, East, Down)
- // 7-9: Position - m (North, East, Down)
- // 10-12: Delta Angle bias - rad (X,Y,Z)
- // 13-14: Wind Vector - m/sec (North,East)
- // 15-17: Earth Magnetic Field Vector - milligauss (North, East, Down)
- // 18-20: Body Magnetic Field Vector - milligauss (X,Y,Z)
-
- math::Quaternion q(_ekf->states[0], _ekf->states[1], _ekf->states[2], _ekf->states[3]);
- math::Matrix<3, 3> R = q.to_dcm();
- math::Vector<3> euler = R.to_euler();
-
- for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
- _att.R[i][j] = R(i, j);
-
- _att.timestamp = last_sensor_timestamp;
- _att.q[0] = _ekf->states[0];
- _att.q[1] = _ekf->states[1];
- _att.q[2] = _ekf->states[2];
- _att.q[3] = _ekf->states[3];
- _att.q_valid = true;
- _att.R_valid = true;
-
- _att.timestamp = last_sensor_timestamp;
- _att.roll = euler(0);
- _att.pitch = euler(1);
- _att.yaw = euler(2);
-
- _att.rollspeed = _ekf->angRate.x - _ekf->states[10];
- _att.pitchspeed = _ekf->angRate.y - _ekf->states[11];
- _att.yawspeed = _ekf->angRate.z - _ekf->states[12];
- // gyro offsets
- _att.rate_offsets[0] = _ekf->states[10];
- _att.rate_offsets[1] = _ekf->states[11];
- _att.rate_offsets[2] = _ekf->states[12];
-
- /* lazily publish the attitude only once available */
- if (_att_pub > 0) {
- /* publish the attitude setpoint */
- orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_attitude), _att_pub, &_att);
+ #endif
+ // store the predicted states for subsequent use by measurement fusion
+ _ekf->StoreStates(IMUmsec);
+ // Check if on ground - status is used by covariance prediction
+ _ekf->OnGroundCheck();
+ // sum delta angles and time used by covariance prediction
+ _ekf->summedDelAng = _ekf->summedDelAng + _ekf->correctedDelAng;
+ _ekf->summedDelVel = _ekf->summedDelVel + _ekf->dVelIMU;
+ dt += _ekf->dtIMU;
+
+ // perform a covariance prediction if the total delta angle has exceeded the limit
+ // or the time limit will be exceeded at the next IMU update
+ if ((dt >= (_ekf->covTimeStepMax - _ekf->dtIMU)) || (_ekf->summedDelAng.length() > _ekf->covDelAngMax)) {
+ _ekf->CovariancePrediction(dt);
+ _ekf->summedDelAng.zero();
+ _ekf->summedDelVel.zero();
+ dt = 0.0f;
+ }
- } else {
- /* advertise and publish */
- _att_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_attitude), &_att);
- }
- }
+ // Fuse GPS Measurements
+ if (newDataGps && _gps_initialized) {
+ // Convert GPS measurements to Pos NE, hgt and Vel NED
+
+ float gps_dt = (_gps.timestamp_position - last_gps) / 1e6f;
+
+ // Calculate acceleration predicted by GPS velocity change
+ if (((fabsf(_ekf->velNED[0] - _gps.vel_n_m_s) > FLT_EPSILON) ||
+ (fabsf(_ekf->velNED[1] - _gps.vel_e_m_s) > FLT_EPSILON) ||
+ (fabsf(_ekf->velNED[2] - _gps.vel_d_m_s) > FLT_EPSILON)) && (gps_dt > 0.00001f)) {
+
+ _ekf->accelGPSNED[0] = (_ekf->velNED[0] - _gps.vel_n_m_s) / gps_dt;
+ _ekf->accelGPSNED[1] = (_ekf->velNED[1] - _gps.vel_e_m_s) / gps_dt;
+ _ekf->accelGPSNED[2] = (_ekf->velNED[2] - _gps.vel_d_m_s) / gps_dt;
+ }
+
+ _ekf->velNED[0] = _gps.vel_n_m_s;
+ _ekf->velNED[1] = _gps.vel_e_m_s;
+ _ekf->velNED[2] = _gps.vel_d_m_s;
+ _ekf->calcposNED(posNED, _ekf->gpsLat, _ekf->gpsLon, _ekf->gpsHgt, _ekf->latRef, _ekf->lonRef, _ekf->hgtRef);
+
+ _ekf->posNE[0] = posNED[0];
+ _ekf->posNE[1] = posNED[1];
+ // set fusion flags
+ _ekf->fuseVelData = true;
+ _ekf->fusePosData = true;
+ // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVelTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.vel_delay_ms));
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtPosTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.pos_delay_ms));
+ // run the fusion step
+ _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
+
+ } else if (!_gps_initialized) {
+
+ // force static mode
+ _ekf->staticMode = true;
+
+ // Convert GPS measurements to Pos NE, hgt and Vel NED
+ _ekf->velNED[0] = 0.0f;
+ _ekf->velNED[1] = 0.0f;
+ _ekf->velNED[2] = 0.0f;
+
+ _ekf->posNE[0] = 0.0f;
+ _ekf->posNE[1] = 0.0f;
+ // set fusion flags
+ _ekf->fuseVelData = true;
+ _ekf->fusePosData = true;
+ // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVelTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.vel_delay_ms));
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtPosTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.pos_delay_ms));
+ // run the fusion step
+ _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
+
+ } else {
+ _ekf->fuseVelData = false;
+ _ekf->fusePosData = false;
+ }
- if (_gps_initialized) {
- _local_pos.timestamp = last_sensor_timestamp;
- _local_pos.x = _ekf->states[7];
- _local_pos.y = _ekf->states[8];
- // XXX need to announce change of Z reference somehow elegantly
- _local_pos.z = _ekf->states[9] - _baro_gps_offset;
+ if (newHgtData) {
+ // Could use a blend of GPS and baro alt data if desired
+ _ekf->hgtMea = 1.0f * (_ekf->baroHgt - _baro_ref);
+ _ekf->fuseHgtData = true;
+ // recall states stored at time of measurement after adjusting for delays
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtHgtTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.height_delay_ms));
+ // run the fusion step
+ _ekf->FuseVelposNED();
+
+ } else {
+ _ekf->fuseHgtData = false;
+ }
- _local_pos.vx = _ekf->states[4];
- _local_pos.vy = _ekf->states[5];
- _local_pos.vz = _ekf->states[6];
+ // Fuse Magnetometer Measurements
+ if (newDataMag) {
+ _ekf->fuseMagData = true;
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtMagMeasTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.mag_delay_ms)); // Assume 50 msec avg delay for magnetometer data
- _local_pos.xy_valid = _gps_initialized;
- _local_pos.z_valid = true;
- _local_pos.v_xy_valid = _gps_initialized;
- _local_pos.v_z_valid = true;
- _local_pos.xy_global = true;
+ _ekf->magstate.obsIndex = 0;
+ _ekf->FuseMagnetometer();
+ _ekf->FuseMagnetometer();
+ _ekf->FuseMagnetometer();
- _local_pos.z_global = false;
- _local_pos.yaw = _att.yaw;
+ } else {
+ _ekf->fuseMagData = false;
+ }
- /* lazily publish the local position only once available */
- if (_local_pos_pub > 0) {
- /* publish the attitude setpoint */
- orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_local_position), _local_pos_pub, &_local_pos);
+ // Fuse Airspeed Measurements
+ if (newAdsData && _ekf->VtasMeas > 7.0f) {
+ _ekf->fuseVtasData = true;
+ _ekf->RecallStates(_ekf->statesAtVtasMeasTime, (IMUmsec - _parameters.tas_delay_ms)); // assume 100 msec avg delay for airspeed data
+ _ekf->FuseAirspeed();
- } else {
- /* advertise and publish */
- _local_pos_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_local_position), &_local_pos);
- }
+ } else {
+ _ekf->fuseVtasData = false;
+ }
- _global_pos.timestamp = _local_pos.timestamp;
- if (_local_pos.xy_global) {
- double est_lat, est_lon;
- map_projection_reproject(&_pos_ref, _local_pos.x, _local_pos.y, &est_lat, &est_lon);
- _global_pos.lat = est_lat;
- _global_pos.lon = est_lon;
- _global_pos.time_gps_usec = _gps.time_gps_usec;
- _global_pos.eph = _gps.eph_m;
- _global_pos.epv = _gps.epv_m;
- }
+ // Output results
+ math::Quaternion q(_ekf->states[0], _ekf->states[1], _ekf->states[2], _ekf->states[3]);
+ math::Matrix<3, 3> R = q.to_dcm();
+ math::Vector<3> euler = R.to_euler();
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+ _att.R[i][j] = R(i, j);
+
+ _att.timestamp = _last_sensor_timestamp;
+ _att.q[0] = _ekf->states[0];
+ _att.q[1] = _ekf->states[1];
+ _att.q[2] = _ekf->states[2];
+ _att.q[3] = _ekf->states[3];
+ _att.q_valid = true;
+ _att.R_valid = true;
+
+ _att.timestamp = _last_sensor_timestamp;
+ _att.roll = euler(0);
+ _att.pitch = euler(1);
+ _att.yaw = euler(2);
+
+ _att.rollspeed = _ekf->angRate.x - _ekf->states[10];
+ _att.pitchspeed = _ekf->angRate.y - _ekf->states[11];
+ _att.yawspeed = _ekf->angRate.z - _ekf->states[12];
+ // gyro offsets
+ _att.rate_offsets[0] = _ekf->states[10];
+ _att.rate_offsets[1] = _ekf->states[11];
+ _att.rate_offsets[2] = _ekf->states[12];
+
+ /* lazily publish the attitude only once available */
+ if (_att_pub > 0) {
+ /* publish the attitude setpoint */
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_attitude), _att_pub, &_att);
+
+ } else {
+ /* advertise and publish */
+ _att_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_attitude), &_att);
+ }
- if (_local_pos.v_xy_valid) {
- _global_pos.vel_n = _local_pos.vx;
- _global_pos.vel_e = _local_pos.vy;
- } else {
- _global_pos.vel_n = 0.0f;
- _global_pos.vel_e = 0.0f;
- }
+ if (_gps_initialized) {
+ _local_pos.timestamp = _last_sensor_timestamp;
+ _local_pos.x = _ekf->states[7];
+ _local_pos.y = _ekf->states[8];
+ // XXX need to announce change of Z reference somehow elegantly
+ _local_pos.z = _ekf->states[9] - _baro_ref_offset;
+
+ _local_pos.vx = _ekf->states[4];
+ _local_pos.vy = _ekf->states[5];
+ _local_pos.vz = _ekf->states[6];
+
+ _local_pos.xy_valid = _gps_initialized;
+ _local_pos.z_valid = true;
+ _local_pos.v_xy_valid = _gps_initialized;
+ _local_pos.v_z_valid = true;
+ _local_pos.xy_global = true;
+
+ _velocity_xy_filtered = 0.95f*_velocity_xy_filtered + 0.05f*sqrtf(_local_pos.vx*_local_pos.vx + _local_pos.vy*_local_pos.vy);
+ _velocity_z_filtered = 0.95f*_velocity_z_filtered + 0.05f*fabsf(_local_pos.vz);
+ _airspeed_filtered = 0.95f*_airspeed_filtered + 0.05f*_airspeed.true_airspeed_m_s;
+
+
+ /* crude land detector for fixedwing only,
+ * TODO: adapt so that it works for both, maybe move to another location
+ */
+ if (_velocity_xy_filtered < 5
+ && _velocity_z_filtered < 10
+ && _airspeed_filtered < 10) {
+ _local_pos.landed = true;
+ } else {
+ _local_pos.landed = false;
+ }
+
+ _local_pos.z_global = false;
+ _local_pos.yaw = _att.yaw;
+
+ /* lazily publish the local position only once available */
+ if (_local_pos_pub > 0) {
+ /* publish the attitude setpoint */
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_local_position), _local_pos_pub, &_local_pos);
+
+ } else {
+ /* advertise and publish */
+ _local_pos_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_local_position), &_local_pos);
+ }
+
+ _global_pos.timestamp = _local_pos.timestamp;
+
+ if (_local_pos.xy_global) {
+ double est_lat, est_lon;
+ map_projection_reproject(&_pos_ref, _local_pos.x, _local_pos.y, &est_lat, &est_lon);
+ _global_pos.lat = est_lat;
+ _global_pos.lon = est_lon;
+ _global_pos.time_gps_usec = _gps.time_gps_usec;
+ _global_pos.eph = _gps.eph;
+ _global_pos.epv = _gps.epv;
+ }
+
+ if (_local_pos.v_xy_valid) {
+ _global_pos.vel_n = _local_pos.vx;
+ _global_pos.vel_e = _local_pos.vy;
+ } else {
+ _global_pos.vel_n = 0.0f;
+ _global_pos.vel_e = 0.0f;
+ }
+
+ /* local pos alt is negative, change sign and add alt offsets */
+ _global_pos.alt = _baro_ref + (-_local_pos.z) - _baro_gps_offset;
+
+ if (_local_pos.v_z_valid) {
+ _global_pos.vel_d = _local_pos.vz;
+ }
+
+
+ _global_pos.yaw = _local_pos.yaw;
+
+ _global_pos.eph = _gps.eph;
+ _global_pos.epv = _gps.epv;
+
+ _global_pos.timestamp = _local_pos.timestamp;
+
+ /* lazily publish the global position only once available */
+ if (_global_pos_pub > 0) {
+ /* publish the global position */
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_global_position), _global_pos_pub, &_global_pos);
+
+ } else {
+ /* advertise and publish */
+ _global_pos_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_global_position), &_global_pos);
+ }
+
+ if (hrt_elapsed_time(&_wind.timestamp) > 99000) {
+ _wind.timestamp = _global_pos.timestamp;
+ _wind.windspeed_north = _ekf->states[14];
+ _wind.windspeed_east = _ekf->states[15];
+ _wind.covariance_north = 0.0f; // XXX get form filter
+ _wind.covariance_east = 0.0f;
+
+ /* lazily publish the wind estimate only once available */
+ if (_wind_pub > 0) {
+ /* publish the wind estimate */
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(wind_estimate), _wind_pub, &_wind);
+
+ } else {
+ /* advertise and publish */
+ _wind_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(wind_estimate), &_wind);
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ if (hrt_elapsed_time(&_wind.timestamp) > 99000) {
+ _wind.timestamp = _global_pos.timestamp;
+ _wind.windspeed_north = _ekf->states[14];
+ _wind.windspeed_east = _ekf->states[15];
+ _wind.covariance_north = _ekf->P[14][14];
+ _wind.covariance_east = _ekf->P[15][15];
+
+ /* lazily publish the wind estimate only once available */
+ if (_wind_pub > 0) {
+ /* publish the wind estimate */
+ orb_publish(ORB_ID(wind_estimate), _wind_pub, &_wind);
+
+ } else {
+ /* advertise and publish */
+ _wind_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(wind_estimate), &_wind);
+ }
+ }
- /* local pos alt is negative, change sign and add alt offsets */
- _global_pos.alt = _local_pos.ref_alt + _baro_gps_offset + (-_local_pos.z);
+ }
- if (_local_pos.v_z_valid) {
- _global_pos.vel_d = _local_pos.vz;
}
- _global_pos.yaw = _local_pos.yaw;
-
- _global_pos.eph = _gps.eph_m;
- _global_pos.epv = _gps.epv_m;
-
- _global_pos.timestamp = _local_pos.timestamp;
-
- /* lazily publish the global position only once available */
- if (_global_pos_pub > 0) {
- /* publish the attitude setpoint */
- orb_publish(ORB_ID(vehicle_global_position), _global_pos_pub, &_global_pos);
-
- } else {
- /* advertise and publish */
- _global_pos_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(vehicle_global_position), &_global_pos);
- }
}
}
@@ -1342,6 +1513,8 @@ FixedwingEstimator::task_main()
perf_end(_loop_perf);
}
+ _task_running = false;
+
warnx("exiting.\n");
_estimator_task = -1;
@@ -1357,7 +1530,7 @@ FixedwingEstimator::start()
_estimator_task = task_spawn_cmd("ekf_att_pos_estimator",
SCHED_DEFAULT,
SCHED_PRIORITY_MAX - 40,
- 6000,
+ 5000,
(main_t)&FixedwingEstimator::task_main_trampoline,
nullptr);
@@ -1384,32 +1557,44 @@ FixedwingEstimator::print_status()
// 4-6: Velocity - m/sec (North, East, Down)
// 7-9: Position - m (North, East, Down)
// 10-12: Delta Angle bias - rad (X,Y,Z)
- // 13-14: Wind Vector - m/sec (North,East)
- // 15-17: Earth Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (North, East, Down)
- // 18-20: Body Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (X,Y,Z)
+ // 13: Accelerometer offset
+ // 14-15: Wind Vector - m/sec (North,East)
+ // 16-18: Earth Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (North, East, Down)
+ // 19-21: Body Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (X,Y,Z)
printf("dtIMU: %8.6f IMUmsec: %d\n", (double)_ekf->dtIMU, (int)IMUmsec);
- printf("ref alt: %8.6f\n", (double)_local_pos.ref_alt);
+ printf("baro alt: %8.4f GPS alt: %8.4f\n", (double)_baro.altitude, (double)(_gps.alt / 1e3f));
+ printf("ref alt: %8.4f baro ref offset: %8.4f baro GPS offset: %8.4f\n", (double)_baro_ref, (double)_baro_ref_offset, (double)_baro_gps_offset);
printf("dvel: %8.6f %8.6f %8.6f accel: %8.6f %8.6f %8.6f\n", (double)_ekf->dVelIMU.x, (double)_ekf->dVelIMU.y, (double)_ekf->dVelIMU.z, (double)_ekf->accel.x, (double)_ekf->accel.y, (double)_ekf->accel.z);
printf("dang: %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f dang corr: %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f\n" , (double)_ekf->dAngIMU.x, (double)_ekf->dAngIMU.y, (double)_ekf->dAngIMU.z, (double)_ekf->correctedDelAng.x, (double)_ekf->correctedDelAng.y, (double)_ekf->correctedDelAng.z);
- printf("states (quat) [1-4]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[0], (double)_ekf->states[1], (double)_ekf->states[2], (double)_ekf->states[3]);
- printf("states (vel m/s) [5-7]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[4], (double)_ekf->states[5], (double)_ekf->states[6]);
- printf("states (pos m) [8-10]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[7], (double)_ekf->states[8], (double)_ekf->states[9]);
- printf("states (delta ang) [11-13]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[10], (double)_ekf->states[11], (double)_ekf->states[12]);
- printf("states (wind) [14-15]: %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[13], (double)_ekf->states[14]);
- printf("states (earth mag) [16-18]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[15], (double)_ekf->states[16], (double)_ekf->states[17]);
- printf("states (body mag) [19-21]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[18], (double)_ekf->states[19], (double)_ekf->states[20]);
+ printf("states (quat) [0-3]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[0], (double)_ekf->states[1], (double)_ekf->states[2], (double)_ekf->states[3]);
+ printf("states (vel m/s) [4-6]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[4], (double)_ekf->states[5], (double)_ekf->states[6]);
+ printf("states (pos m) [7-9]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[7], (double)_ekf->states[8], (double)_ekf->states[9]);
+ printf("states (delta ang) [10-12]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[10], (double)_ekf->states[11], (double)_ekf->states[12]);
+
+ if (n_states == 23) {
+ printf("states (accel offs) [13]: %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[13]);
+ printf("states (wind) [14-15]: %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[14], (double)_ekf->states[15]);
+ printf("states (earth mag) [16-18]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[16], (double)_ekf->states[17], (double)_ekf->states[18]);
+ printf("states (body mag) [19-21]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[19], (double)_ekf->states[20], (double)_ekf->states[21]);
+ printf("states (terrain) [22]: %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[22]);
+
+ } else {
+ printf("states (wind) [13-14]: %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[13], (double)_ekf->states[14]);
+ printf("states (earth mag) [15-17]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[15], (double)_ekf->states[16], (double)_ekf->states[17]);
+ printf("states (body mag) [18-20]: %8.4f, %8.4f, %8.4f\n", (double)_ekf->states[18], (double)_ekf->states[19], (double)_ekf->states[20]);
+ }
printf("states: %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s\n",
- (_ekf->statesInitialised) ? "INITIALIZED" : "NON_INIT",
- (_ekf->onGround) ? "ON_GROUND" : "AIRBORNE",
- (_ekf->fuseVelData) ? "FUSE_VEL" : "INH_VEL",
- (_ekf->fusePosData) ? "FUSE_POS" : "INH_POS",
- (_ekf->fuseHgtData) ? "FUSE_HGT" : "INH_HGT",
- (_ekf->fuseMagData) ? "FUSE_MAG" : "INH_MAG",
- (_ekf->fuseVtasData) ? "FUSE_VTAS" : "INH_VTAS",
- (_ekf->useAirspeed) ? "USE_AIRSPD" : "IGN_AIRSPD",
- (_ekf->useCompass) ? "USE_COMPASS" : "IGN_COMPASS",
- (_ekf->staticMode) ? "STATIC_MODE" : "DYNAMIC_MODE");
+ (_ekf->statesInitialised) ? "INITIALIZED" : "NON_INIT",
+ (_ekf->onGround) ? "ON_GROUND" : "AIRBORNE",
+ (_ekf->fuseVelData) ? "FUSE_VEL" : "INH_VEL",
+ (_ekf->fusePosData) ? "FUSE_POS" : "INH_POS",
+ (_ekf->fuseHgtData) ? "FUSE_HGT" : "INH_HGT",
+ (_ekf->fuseMagData) ? "FUSE_MAG" : "INH_MAG",
+ (_ekf->fuseVtasData) ? "FUSE_VTAS" : "INH_VTAS",
+ (_ekf->useAirspeed) ? "USE_AIRSPD" : "IGN_AIRSPD",
+ (_ekf->useCompass) ? "USE_COMPASS" : "IGN_COMPASS",
+ (_ekf->staticMode) ? "STATIC_MODE" : "DYNAMIC_MODE");
}
int FixedwingEstimator::trip_nan() {
@@ -1464,7 +1649,7 @@ int FixedwingEstimator::trip_nan() {
int ekf_att_pos_estimator_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc < 1)
- errx(1, "usage: ekf_att_pos_estimator {start|stop|status}");
+ errx(1, "usage: ekf_att_pos_estimator {start|stop|status|logging}");
if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start")) {
@@ -1482,6 +1667,14 @@ int ekf_att_pos_estimator_main(int argc, char *argv[])
err(1, "start failed");
}
+ /* avoid memory fragmentation by not exiting start handler until the task has fully started */
+ while (estimator::g_estimator == nullptr || !estimator::g_estimator->task_running()) {
+ usleep(50000);
+ printf(".");
+ fflush(stdout);
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+
exit(0);
}
@@ -1518,6 +1711,29 @@ int ekf_att_pos_estimator_main(int argc, char *argv[])
}
}
+ if (!strcmp(argv[1], "logging")) {
+ if (estimator::g_estimator) {
+ int ret = estimator::g_estimator->enable_logging(true);
+
+ exit(ret);
+
+ } else {
+ errx(1, "not running");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!strcmp(argv[1], "debug")) {
+ if (estimator::g_estimator) {
+ int debug = strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 10);
+ int ret = estimator::g_estimator->set_debuglevel(debug);
+
+ exit(ret);
+
+ } else {
+ errx(1, "not running");
+ }
+ }
+
warnx("unrecognized command");
return 1;
}
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.cpp b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67bfec4ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2142 @@
+#include "estimator_21states.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+AttPosEKF::AttPosEKF() :
+ fusionModeGPS(0),
+ covSkipCount(0),
+ EAS2TAS(1.0f),
+ statesInitialised(false),
+ fuseVelData(false),
+ fusePosData(false),
+ fuseHgtData(false),
+ fuseMagData(false),
+ fuseVtasData(false),
+ onGround(true),
+ staticMode(true),
+ useAirspeed(true),
+ useCompass(true),
+ numericalProtection(true),
+ storeIndex(0),
+ magDeclination(0.0f)
+{
+ InitialiseParameters();
+}
+
+AttPosEKF::~AttPosEKF()
+{
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED()
+{
+ Vector3f delVelNav;
+ float q00;
+ float q11;
+ float q22;
+ float q33;
+ float q01;
+ float q02;
+ float q03;
+ float q12;
+ float q13;
+ float q23;
+ Mat3f Tbn;
+ Mat3f Tnb;
+ float rotationMag;
+ float qUpdated[4];
+ float quatMag;
+ double deltaQuat[4];
+ const Vector3f gravityNED = {0.0,0.0,GRAVITY_MSS};
+
+// Remove sensor bias errors
+ correctedDelAng.x = dAngIMU.x - states[10];
+ correctedDelAng.y = dAngIMU.y - states[11];
+ correctedDelAng.z = dAngIMU.z - states[12];
+ dVelIMU.x = dVelIMU.x;
+ dVelIMU.y = dVelIMU.y;
+ dVelIMU.z = dVelIMU.z;
+
+// Save current measurements
+ Vector3f prevDelAng = correctedDelAng;
+
+// Apply corrections for earths rotation rate and coning errors
+// * and + operators have been overloaded
+ correctedDelAng = correctedDelAng - Tnb*earthRateNED*dtIMU + 8.333333333333333e-2f*(prevDelAng % correctedDelAng);
+// Convert the rotation vector to its equivalent quaternion
+ rotationMag = correctedDelAng.length();
+ if (rotationMag < 1e-12f)
+ {
+ deltaQuat[0] = 1.0;
+ deltaQuat[1] = 0.0;
+ deltaQuat[2] = 0.0;
+ deltaQuat[3] = 0.0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ deltaQuat[0] = cos(0.5f*rotationMag);
+ double rotScaler = (sin(0.5f*rotationMag))/rotationMag;
+ deltaQuat[1] = correctedDelAng.x*rotScaler;
+ deltaQuat[2] = correctedDelAng.y*rotScaler;
+ deltaQuat[3] = correctedDelAng.z*rotScaler;
+ }
+
+// Update the quaternions by rotating from the previous attitude through
+// the delta angle rotation quaternion
+ qUpdated[0] = states[0]*deltaQuat[0] - states[1]*deltaQuat[1] - states[2]*deltaQuat[2] - states[3]*deltaQuat[3];
+ qUpdated[1] = states[0]*deltaQuat[1] + states[1]*deltaQuat[0] + states[2]*deltaQuat[3] - states[3]*deltaQuat[2];
+ qUpdated[2] = states[0]*deltaQuat[2] + states[2]*deltaQuat[0] + states[3]*deltaQuat[1] - states[1]*deltaQuat[3];
+ qUpdated[3] = states[0]*deltaQuat[3] + states[3]*deltaQuat[0] + states[1]*deltaQuat[2] - states[2]*deltaQuat[1];
+
+// Normalise the quaternions and update the quaternion states
+ quatMag = sqrtf(sq(qUpdated[0]) + sq(qUpdated[1]) + sq(qUpdated[2]) + sq(qUpdated[3]));
+ if (quatMag > 1e-16f)
+ {
+ float quatMagInv = 1.0f/quatMag;
+ states[0] = quatMagInv*qUpdated[0];
+ states[1] = quatMagInv*qUpdated[1];
+ states[2] = quatMagInv*qUpdated[2];
+ states[3] = quatMagInv*qUpdated[3];
+ }
+
+// Calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
+ q00 = sq(states[0]);
+ q11 = sq(states[1]);
+ q22 = sq(states[2]);
+ q33 = sq(states[3]);
+ q01 = states[0]*states[1];
+ q02 = states[0]*states[2];
+ q03 = states[0]*states[3];
+ q12 = states[1]*states[2];
+ q13 = states[1]*states[3];
+ q23 = states[2]*states[3];
+
+ Tbn.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
+ Tbn.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
+ Tbn.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
+ Tbn.x.y = 2*(q12 - q03);
+ Tbn.x.z = 2*(q13 + q02);
+ Tbn.y.x = 2*(q12 + q03);
+ Tbn.y.z = 2*(q23 - q01);
+ Tbn.z.x = 2*(q13 - q02);
+ Tbn.z.y = 2*(q23 + q01);
+
+ Tnb = Tbn.transpose();
+
+// transform body delta velocities to delta velocities in the nav frame
+// * and + operators have been overloaded
+ //delVelNav = Tbn*dVelIMU + gravityNED*dtIMU;
+ delVelNav.x = Tbn.x.x*dVelIMU.x + Tbn.x.y*dVelIMU.y + Tbn.x.z*dVelIMU.z + gravityNED.x*dtIMU;
+ delVelNav.y = Tbn.y.x*dVelIMU.x + Tbn.y.y*dVelIMU.y + Tbn.y.z*dVelIMU.z + gravityNED.y*dtIMU;
+ delVelNav.z = Tbn.z.x*dVelIMU.x + Tbn.z.y*dVelIMU.y + Tbn.z.z*dVelIMU.z + gravityNED.z*dtIMU;
+
+// calculate the magnitude of the nav acceleration (required for GPS
+// variance estimation)
+ accNavMag = delVelNav.length()/dtIMU;
+
+// If calculating position save previous velocity
+ float lastVelocity[3];
+ lastVelocity[0] = states[4];
+ lastVelocity[1] = states[5];
+ lastVelocity[2] = states[6];
+
+// Sum delta velocities to get velocity
+ states[4] = states[4] + delVelNav.x;
+ states[5] = states[5] + delVelNav.y;
+ states[6] = states[6] + delVelNav.z;
+
+// If calculating postions, do a trapezoidal integration for position
+ states[7] = states[7] + 0.5f*(states[4] + lastVelocity[0])*dtIMU;
+ states[8] = states[8] + 0.5f*(states[5] + lastVelocity[1])*dtIMU;
+ states[9] = states[9] + 0.5f*(states[6] + lastVelocity[2])*dtIMU;
+
+ // Constrain states (to protect against filter divergence)
+ //ConstrainStates();
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::CovariancePrediction(float dt)
+{
+ // scalars
+ float daxCov;
+ float dayCov;
+ float dazCov;
+ float dvxCov;
+ float dvyCov;
+ float dvzCov;
+ float dvx;
+ float dvy;
+ float dvz;
+ float dax;
+ float day;
+ float daz;
+ float q0;
+ float q1;
+ float q2;
+ float q3;
+ float dax_b;
+ float day_b;
+ float daz_b;
+
+ // arrays
+ float processNoise[21];
+ float SF[14];
+ float SG[8];
+ float SQ[11];
+ float SPP[13] = {0};
+ float nextP[21][21];
+
+ // calculate covariance prediction process noise
+ windVelSigma = dt*0.1f;
+ dAngBiasSigma = dt*5.0e-7f;
+ magEarthSigma = dt*3.0e-4f;
+ magBodySigma = dt*3.0e-4f;
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=9; i++) processNoise[i] = 1.0e-9f;
+ for (uint8_t i=10; i<=12; i++) processNoise[i] = dAngBiasSigma;
+ if (onGround) processNoise[12] = dAngBiasSigma * yawVarScale;
+ for (uint8_t i=13; i<=14; i++) processNoise[i] = windVelSigma;
+ for (uint8_t i=15; i<=17; i++) processNoise[i] = magEarthSigma;
+ for (uint8_t i=18; i<=20; i++) processNoise[i] = magBodySigma;
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=20; i++) processNoise[i] = sq(processNoise[i]);
+
+ // set variables used to calculate covariance growth
+ dvx = summedDelVel.x;
+ dvy = summedDelVel.y;
+ dvz = summedDelVel.z;
+ dax = summedDelAng.x;
+ day = summedDelAng.y;
+ daz = summedDelAng.z;
+ q0 = states[0];
+ q1 = states[1];
+ q2 = states[2];
+ q3 = states[3];
+ dax_b = states[10];
+ day_b = states[11];
+ daz_b = states[12];
+ daxCov = sq(dt*1.4544411e-2f);
+ dayCov = sq(dt*1.4544411e-2f);
+ dazCov = sq(dt*1.4544411e-2f);
+ if (onGround) dazCov = dazCov * sq(yawVarScale);
+ dvxCov = sq(dt*0.5f);
+ dvyCov = sq(dt*0.5f);
+ dvzCov = sq(dt*0.5f);
+
+ // Predicted covariance calculation
+ SF[0] = 2*dvx*q1 + 2*dvy*q2 + 2*dvz*q3;
+ SF[1] = 2*dvx*q3 + 2*dvy*q0 - 2*dvz*q1;
+ SF[2] = 2*dvx*q0 - 2*dvy*q3 + 2*dvz*q2;
+ SF[3] = day/2 - day_b/2;
+ SF[4] = daz/2 - daz_b/2;
+ SF[5] = dax/2 - dax_b/2;
+ SF[6] = dax_b/2 - dax/2;
+ SF[7] = daz_b/2 - daz/2;
+ SF[8] = day_b/2 - day/2;
+ SF[9] = q1/2;
+ SF[10] = q2/2;
+ SF[11] = q3/2;
+ SF[12] = 2*dvz*q0;
+ SF[13] = 2*dvy*q1;
+
+ SG[0] = q0/2;
+ SG[1] = sq(q3);
+ SG[2] = sq(q2);
+ SG[3] = sq(q1);
+ SG[4] = sq(q0);
+ SG[5] = 2*q2*q3;
+ SG[6] = 2*q1*q3;
+ SG[7] = 2*q1*q2;
+
+ SQ[0] = dvzCov*(SG[5] - 2*q0*q1)*(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SG[4]) - dvyCov*(SG[5] + 2*q0*q1)*(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SG[4]) + dvxCov*(SG[6] - 2*q0*q2)*(SG[7] + 2*q0*q3);
+ SQ[1] = dvzCov*(SG[6] + 2*q0*q2)*(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SG[4]) - dvxCov*(SG[6] - 2*q0*q2)*(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SG[4]) + dvyCov*(SG[5] + 2*q0*q1)*(SG[7] - 2*q0*q3);
+ SQ[2] = dvzCov*(SG[5] - 2*q0*q1)*(SG[6] + 2*q0*q2) - dvyCov*(SG[7] - 2*q0*q3)*(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SG[4]) - dvxCov*(SG[7] + 2*q0*q3)*(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SG[4]);
+ SQ[3] = (dayCov*q1*SG[0])/2 - (dazCov*q1*SG[0])/2 - (daxCov*q2*q3)/4;
+ SQ[4] = (dazCov*q2*SG[0])/2 - (daxCov*q2*SG[0])/2 - (dayCov*q1*q3)/4;
+ SQ[5] = (daxCov*q3*SG[0])/2 - (dayCov*q3*SG[0])/2 - (dazCov*q1*q2)/4;
+ SQ[6] = (daxCov*q1*q2)/4 - (dazCov*q3*SG[0])/2 - (dayCov*q1*q2)/4;
+ SQ[7] = (dazCov*q1*q3)/4 - (daxCov*q1*q3)/4 - (dayCov*q2*SG[0])/2;
+ SQ[8] = (dayCov*q2*q3)/4 - (daxCov*q1*SG[0])/2 - (dazCov*q2*q3)/4;
+ SQ[9] = sq(SG[0]);
+ SQ[10] = sq(q1);
+
+ SPP[0] = SF[12] + SF[13] - 2*dvx*q2;
+ SPP[1] = 2*dvx*q0 - 2*dvy*q3 + 2*dvz*q2;
+ SPP[2] = 2*dvx*q3 + 2*dvy*q0 - 2*dvz*q1;
+ SPP[3] = SF[11];
+ SPP[4] = SF[10];
+ SPP[5] = SF[9];
+ SPP[6] = SF[7];
+ SPP[7] = SF[8];
+
+ nextP[0][0] = P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3] + (daxCov*SQ[10])/4 + SF[6]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]) + SPP[7]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]) + SPP[6]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]) + SPP[5]*(P[0][10] + P[1][10]*SF[6] + P[2][10]*SPP[7] + P[3][10]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] + P[12][10]*SPP[3]) + SPP[4]*(P[0][11] + P[1][11]*SF[6] + P[2][11]*SPP[7] + P[3][11]*SPP[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][11]*SPP[3]) + SPP[3]*(P[0][12] + P[1][12]*SF[6] + P[2][12]*SPP[7] + P[3][12]*SPP[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] + P[11][12]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3]) + (dayCov*sq(q2))/4 + (dazCov*sq(q3))/4;
+ nextP[0][1] = P[0][1] + SQ[8] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3] + SF[5]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) + SF[4]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]) + SPP[7]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]) + SPP[3]*(P[0][11] + P[1][11]*SF[6] + P[2][11]*SPP[7] + P[3][11]*SPP[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][11]*SPP[3]) - SPP[4]*(P[0][12] + P[1][12]*SF[6] + P[2][12]*SPP[7] + P[3][12]*SPP[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] + P[11][12]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3]) - (q0*(P[0][10] + P[1][10]*SF[6] + P[2][10]*SPP[7] + P[3][10]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] + P[12][10]*SPP[3]))/2;
+ nextP[0][2] = P[0][2] + SQ[7] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3] + SF[3]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) + SF[5]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]) + SPP[6]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]) - SPP[3]*(P[0][10] + P[1][10]*SF[6] + P[2][10]*SPP[7] + P[3][10]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] + P[12][10]*SPP[3]) + SPP[5]*(P[0][12] + P[1][12]*SF[6] + P[2][12]*SPP[7] + P[3][12]*SPP[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] + P[11][12]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3]) - (q0*(P[0][11] + P[1][11]*SF[6] + P[2][11]*SPP[7] + P[3][11]*SPP[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][11]*SPP[3]))/2;
+ nextP[0][3] = P[0][3] + SQ[6] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3] + SF[4]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) + SF[3]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]) + SF[6]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]) + SPP[4]*(P[0][10] + P[1][10]*SF[6] + P[2][10]*SPP[7] + P[3][10]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] + P[12][10]*SPP[3]) - SPP[5]*(P[0][11] + P[1][11]*SF[6] + P[2][11]*SPP[7] + P[3][11]*SPP[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][11]*SPP[3]) - (q0*(P[0][12] + P[1][12]*SF[6] + P[2][12]*SPP[7] + P[3][12]*SPP[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] + P[11][12]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3]))/2;
+ nextP[0][4] = P[0][4] + P[1][4]*SF[6] + P[2][4]*SPP[7] + P[3][4]*SPP[6] + P[10][4]*SPP[5] + P[11][4]*SPP[4] + P[12][4]*SPP[3] + SF[2]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) + SF[0]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]) + SPP[0]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]) - SPP[2]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][5] = P[0][5] + P[1][5]*SF[6] + P[2][5]*SPP[7] + P[3][5]*SPP[6] + P[10][5]*SPP[5] + P[11][5]*SPP[4] + P[12][5]*SPP[3] + SF[1]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) + SF[0]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]) + SF[2]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]) - SPP[0]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][6] = P[0][6] + P[1][6]*SF[6] + P[2][6]*SPP[7] + P[3][6]*SPP[6] + P[10][6]*SPP[5] + P[11][6]*SPP[4] + P[12][6]*SPP[3] + SF[1]*(P[0][1] + P[1][1]*SF[6] + P[2][1]*SPP[7] + P[3][1]*SPP[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[4] + P[12][1]*SPP[3]) + SF[0]*(P[0][3] + P[1][3]*SF[6] + P[2][3]*SPP[7] + P[3][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[5] + P[11][3]*SPP[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[3]) + SPP[0]*(P[0][0] + P[1][0]*SF[6] + P[2][0]*SPP[7] + P[3][0]*SPP[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[5] + P[11][0]*SPP[4] + P[12][0]*SPP[3]) - SPP[1]*(P[0][2] + P[1][2]*SF[6] + P[2][2]*SPP[7] + P[3][2]*SPP[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[5] + P[11][2]*SPP[4] + P[12][2]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][7] = P[0][7] + P[1][7]*SF[6] + P[2][7]*SPP[7] + P[3][7]*SPP[6] + P[10][7]*SPP[5] + P[11][7]*SPP[4] + P[12][7]*SPP[3] + dt*(P[0][4] + P[1][4]*SF[6] + P[2][4]*SPP[7] + P[3][4]*SPP[6] + P[10][4]*SPP[5] + P[11][4]*SPP[4] + P[12][4]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][8] = P[0][8] + P[1][8]*SF[6] + P[2][8]*SPP[7] + P[3][8]*SPP[6] + P[10][8]*SPP[5] + P[11][8]*SPP[4] + P[12][8]*SPP[3] + dt*(P[0][5] + P[1][5]*SF[6] + P[2][5]*SPP[7] + P[3][5]*SPP[6] + P[10][5]*SPP[5] + P[11][5]*SPP[4] + P[12][5]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][9] = P[0][9] + P[1][9]*SF[6] + P[2][9]*SPP[7] + P[3][9]*SPP[6] + P[10][9]*SPP[5] + P[11][9]*SPP[4] + P[12][9]*SPP[3] + dt*(P[0][6] + P[1][6]*SF[6] + P[2][6]*SPP[7] + P[3][6]*SPP[6] + P[10][6]*SPP[5] + P[11][6]*SPP[4] + P[12][6]*SPP[3]);
+ nextP[0][10] = P[0][10] + P[1][10]*SF[6] + P[2][10]*SPP[7] + P[3][10]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] + P[12][10]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][11] = P[0][11] + P[1][11]*SF[6] + P[2][11]*SPP[7] + P[3][11]*SPP[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][11]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][12] = P[0][12] + P[1][12]*SF[6] + P[2][12]*SPP[7] + P[3][12]*SPP[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] + P[11][12]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][13] = P[0][13] + P[1][13]*SF[6] + P[2][13]*SPP[7] + P[3][13]*SPP[6] + P[10][13]*SPP[5] + P[11][13]*SPP[4] + P[12][13]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][14] = P[0][14] + P[1][14]*SF[6] + P[2][14]*SPP[7] + P[3][14]*SPP[6] + P[10][14]*SPP[5] + P[11][14]*SPP[4] + P[12][14]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][15] = P[0][15] + P[1][15]*SF[6] + P[2][15]*SPP[7] + P[3][15]*SPP[6] + P[10][15]*SPP[5] + P[11][15]*SPP[4] + P[12][15]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][16] = P[0][16] + P[1][16]*SF[6] + P[2][16]*SPP[7] + P[3][16]*SPP[6] + P[10][16]*SPP[5] + P[11][16]*SPP[4] + P[12][16]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][17] = P[0][17] + P[1][17]*SF[6] + P[2][17]*SPP[7] + P[3][17]*SPP[6] + P[10][17]*SPP[5] + P[11][17]*SPP[4] + P[12][17]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][18] = P[0][18] + P[1][18]*SF[6] + P[2][18]*SPP[7] + P[3][18]*SPP[6] + P[10][18]*SPP[5] + P[11][18]*SPP[4] + P[12][18]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][19] = P[0][19] + P[1][19]*SF[6] + P[2][19]*SPP[7] + P[3][19]*SPP[6] + P[10][19]*SPP[5] + P[11][19]*SPP[4] + P[12][19]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[0][20] = P[0][20] + P[1][20]*SF[6] + P[2][20]*SPP[7] + P[3][20]*SPP[6] + P[10][20]*SPP[5] + P[11][20]*SPP[4] + P[12][20]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[1][0] = P[1][0] + SQ[8] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2 + SF[6]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[1][10] + P[0][10]*SF[5] + P[2][10]*SF[4] + P[3][10]*SPP[7] + P[11][10]*SPP[3] - P[12][10]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[1][11] + P[0][11]*SF[5] + P[2][11]*SF[4] + P[3][11]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][11]*SPP[4] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[1][12] + P[0][12]*SF[5] + P[2][12]*SF[4] + P[3][12]*SPP[7] + P[11][12]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][1] = P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] + daxCov*SQ[9] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2 + SF[5]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) + SF[4]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[1][11] + P[0][11]*SF[5] + P[2][11]*SF[4] + P[3][11]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][11]*SPP[4] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2) - SPP[4]*(P[1][12] + P[0][12]*SF[5] + P[2][12]*SF[4] + P[3][12]*SPP[7] + P[11][12]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2) + (dayCov*sq(q3))/4 + (dazCov*sq(q2))/4 - (q0*(P[1][10] + P[0][10]*SF[5] + P[2][10]*SF[4] + P[3][10]*SPP[7] + P[11][10]*SPP[3] - P[12][10]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[1][2] = P[1][2] + SQ[5] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2 + SF[3]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) + SF[5]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2) - SPP[3]*(P[1][10] + P[0][10]*SF[5] + P[2][10]*SF[4] + P[3][10]*SPP[7] + P[11][10]*SPP[3] - P[12][10]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[1][12] + P[0][12]*SF[5] + P[2][12]*SF[4] + P[3][12]*SPP[7] + P[11][12]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[1][11] + P[0][11]*SF[5] + P[2][11]*SF[4] + P[3][11]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][11]*SPP[4] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[1][3] = P[1][3] + SQ[4] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2 + SF[4]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) + SF[3]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2) + SF[6]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[1][10] + P[0][10]*SF[5] + P[2][10]*SF[4] + P[3][10]*SPP[7] + P[11][10]*SPP[3] - P[12][10]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2) - SPP[5]*(P[1][11] + P[0][11]*SF[5] + P[2][11]*SF[4] + P[3][11]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][11]*SPP[4] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[1][12] + P[0][12]*SF[5] + P[2][12]*SF[4] + P[3][12]*SPP[7] + P[11][12]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[1][4] = P[1][4] + P[0][4]*SF[5] + P[2][4]*SF[4] + P[3][4]*SPP[7] + P[11][4]*SPP[3] - P[12][4]*SPP[4] - (P[10][4]*q0)/2 + SF[2]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2) - SPP[2]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][5] = P[1][5] + P[0][5]*SF[5] + P[2][5]*SF[4] + P[3][5]*SPP[7] + P[11][5]*SPP[3] - P[12][5]*SPP[4] - (P[10][5]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2) + SF[2]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2) - SPP[0]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][6] = P[1][6] + P[0][6]*SF[5] + P[2][6]*SF[4] + P[3][6]*SPP[7] + P[11][6]*SPP[3] - P[12][6]*SPP[4] - (P[10][6]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[1][1] + P[0][1]*SF[5] + P[2][1]*SF[4] + P[3][1]*SPP[7] + P[11][1]*SPP[3] - P[12][1]*SPP[4] - (P[10][1]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[1][3] + P[0][3]*SF[5] + P[2][3]*SF[4] + P[3][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[3] - P[12][3]*SPP[4] - (P[10][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[1][0] + P[0][0]*SF[5] + P[2][0]*SF[4] + P[3][0]*SPP[7] + P[11][0]*SPP[3] - P[12][0]*SPP[4] - (P[10][0]*q0)/2) - SPP[1]*(P[1][2] + P[0][2]*SF[5] + P[2][2]*SF[4] + P[3][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][2]*SPP[3] - P[12][2]*SPP[4] - (P[10][2]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][7] = P[1][7] + P[0][7]*SF[5] + P[2][7]*SF[4] + P[3][7]*SPP[7] + P[11][7]*SPP[3] - P[12][7]*SPP[4] - (P[10][7]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[1][4] + P[0][4]*SF[5] + P[2][4]*SF[4] + P[3][4]*SPP[7] + P[11][4]*SPP[3] - P[12][4]*SPP[4] - (P[10][4]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][8] = P[1][8] + P[0][8]*SF[5] + P[2][8]*SF[4] + P[3][8]*SPP[7] + P[11][8]*SPP[3] - P[12][8]*SPP[4] - (P[10][8]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[1][5] + P[0][5]*SF[5] + P[2][5]*SF[4] + P[3][5]*SPP[7] + P[11][5]*SPP[3] - P[12][5]*SPP[4] - (P[10][5]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][9] = P[1][9] + P[0][9]*SF[5] + P[2][9]*SF[4] + P[3][9]*SPP[7] + P[11][9]*SPP[3] - P[12][9]*SPP[4] - (P[10][9]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[1][6] + P[0][6]*SF[5] + P[2][6]*SF[4] + P[3][6]*SPP[7] + P[11][6]*SPP[3] - P[12][6]*SPP[4] - (P[10][6]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[1][10] = P[1][10] + P[0][10]*SF[5] + P[2][10]*SF[4] + P[3][10]*SPP[7] + P[11][10]*SPP[3] - P[12][10]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][11] = P[1][11] + P[0][11]*SF[5] + P[2][11]*SF[4] + P[3][11]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][11]*SPP[4] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][12] = P[1][12] + P[0][12]*SF[5] + P[2][12]*SF[4] + P[3][12]*SPP[7] + P[11][12]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][13] = P[1][13] + P[0][13]*SF[5] + P[2][13]*SF[4] + P[3][13]*SPP[7] + P[11][13]*SPP[3] - P[12][13]*SPP[4] - (P[10][13]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][14] = P[1][14] + P[0][14]*SF[5] + P[2][14]*SF[4] + P[3][14]*SPP[7] + P[11][14]*SPP[3] - P[12][14]*SPP[4] - (P[10][14]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][15] = P[1][15] + P[0][15]*SF[5] + P[2][15]*SF[4] + P[3][15]*SPP[7] + P[11][15]*SPP[3] - P[12][15]*SPP[4] - (P[10][15]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][16] = P[1][16] + P[0][16]*SF[5] + P[2][16]*SF[4] + P[3][16]*SPP[7] + P[11][16]*SPP[3] - P[12][16]*SPP[4] - (P[10][16]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][17] = P[1][17] + P[0][17]*SF[5] + P[2][17]*SF[4] + P[3][17]*SPP[7] + P[11][17]*SPP[3] - P[12][17]*SPP[4] - (P[10][17]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][18] = P[1][18] + P[0][18]*SF[5] + P[2][18]*SF[4] + P[3][18]*SPP[7] + P[11][18]*SPP[3] - P[12][18]*SPP[4] - (P[10][18]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][19] = P[1][19] + P[0][19]*SF[5] + P[2][19]*SF[4] + P[3][19]*SPP[7] + P[11][19]*SPP[3] - P[12][19]*SPP[4] - (P[10][19]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[1][20] = P[1][20] + P[0][20]*SF[5] + P[2][20]*SF[4] + P[3][20]*SPP[7] + P[11][20]*SPP[3] - P[12][20]*SPP[4] - (P[10][20]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][0] = P[2][0] + SQ[7] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2 + SF[6]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[2][10] + P[0][10]*SF[3] + P[3][10]*SF[5] + P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[2][11] + P[0][11]*SF[3] + P[3][11]*SF[5] + P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[10][11]*SPP[3] + P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[2][12] + P[0][12]*SF[3] + P[3][12]*SF[5] + P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[10][12]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][1] = P[2][1] + SQ[5] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2 + SF[5]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) + SF[4]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[2][11] + P[0][11]*SF[3] + P[3][11]*SF[5] + P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[10][11]*SPP[3] + P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2) - SPP[4]*(P[2][12] + P[0][12]*SF[3] + P[3][12]*SF[5] + P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[10][12]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[2][10] + P[0][10]*SF[3] + P[3][10]*SF[5] + P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[2][2] = P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] + dayCov*SQ[9] + (dazCov*SQ[10])/4 - (P[11][2]*q0)/2 + SF[3]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) + SF[5]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2) - SPP[3]*(P[2][10] + P[0][10]*SF[3] + P[3][10]*SF[5] + P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[2][12] + P[0][12]*SF[3] + P[3][12]*SF[5] + P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[10][12]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2) + (daxCov*sq(q3))/4 - (q0*(P[2][11] + P[0][11]*SF[3] + P[3][11]*SF[5] + P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[10][11]*SPP[3] + P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[2][3] = P[2][3] + SQ[3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2 + SF[4]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) + SF[3]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2) + SF[6]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[2][10] + P[0][10]*SF[3] + P[3][10]*SF[5] + P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2) - SPP[5]*(P[2][11] + P[0][11]*SF[3] + P[3][11]*SF[5] + P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[10][11]*SPP[3] + P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[2][12] + P[0][12]*SF[3] + P[3][12]*SF[5] + P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[10][12]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[2][4] = P[2][4] + P[0][4]*SF[3] + P[3][4]*SF[5] + P[1][4]*SPP[6] - P[10][4]*SPP[3] + P[12][4]*SPP[5] - (P[11][4]*q0)/2 + SF[2]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2) - SPP[2]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][5] = P[2][5] + P[0][5]*SF[3] + P[3][5]*SF[5] + P[1][5]*SPP[6] - P[10][5]*SPP[3] + P[12][5]*SPP[5] - (P[11][5]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2) + SF[2]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2) - SPP[0]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][6] = P[2][6] + P[0][6]*SF[3] + P[3][6]*SF[5] + P[1][6]*SPP[6] - P[10][6]*SPP[3] + P[12][6]*SPP[5] - (P[11][6]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[2][1] + P[0][1]*SF[3] + P[3][1]*SF[5] + P[1][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][1]*SPP[3] + P[12][1]*SPP[5] - (P[11][1]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[2][3] + P[0][3]*SF[3] + P[3][3]*SF[5] + P[1][3]*SPP[6] - P[10][3]*SPP[3] + P[12][3]*SPP[5] - (P[11][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[2][0] + P[0][0]*SF[3] + P[3][0]*SF[5] + P[1][0]*SPP[6] - P[10][0]*SPP[3] + P[12][0]*SPP[5] - (P[11][0]*q0)/2) - SPP[1]*(P[2][2] + P[0][2]*SF[3] + P[3][2]*SF[5] + P[1][2]*SPP[6] - P[10][2]*SPP[3] + P[12][2]*SPP[5] - (P[11][2]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][7] = P[2][7] + P[0][7]*SF[3] + P[3][7]*SF[5] + P[1][7]*SPP[6] - P[10][7]*SPP[3] + P[12][7]*SPP[5] - (P[11][7]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[2][4] + P[0][4]*SF[3] + P[3][4]*SF[5] + P[1][4]*SPP[6] - P[10][4]*SPP[3] + P[12][4]*SPP[5] - (P[11][4]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][8] = P[2][8] + P[0][8]*SF[3] + P[3][8]*SF[5] + P[1][8]*SPP[6] - P[10][8]*SPP[3] + P[12][8]*SPP[5] - (P[11][8]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[2][5] + P[0][5]*SF[3] + P[3][5]*SF[5] + P[1][5]*SPP[6] - P[10][5]*SPP[3] + P[12][5]*SPP[5] - (P[11][5]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][9] = P[2][9] + P[0][9]*SF[3] + P[3][9]*SF[5] + P[1][9]*SPP[6] - P[10][9]*SPP[3] + P[12][9]*SPP[5] - (P[11][9]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[2][6] + P[0][6]*SF[3] + P[3][6]*SF[5] + P[1][6]*SPP[6] - P[10][6]*SPP[3] + P[12][6]*SPP[5] - (P[11][6]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[2][10] = P[2][10] + P[0][10]*SF[3] + P[3][10]*SF[5] + P[1][10]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][11] = P[2][11] + P[0][11]*SF[3] + P[3][11]*SF[5] + P[1][11]*SPP[6] - P[10][11]*SPP[3] + P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][12] = P[2][12] + P[0][12]*SF[3] + P[3][12]*SF[5] + P[1][12]*SPP[6] - P[10][12]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][13] = P[2][13] + P[0][13]*SF[3] + P[3][13]*SF[5] + P[1][13]*SPP[6] - P[10][13]*SPP[3] + P[12][13]*SPP[5] - (P[11][13]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][14] = P[2][14] + P[0][14]*SF[3] + P[3][14]*SF[5] + P[1][14]*SPP[6] - P[10][14]*SPP[3] + P[12][14]*SPP[5] - (P[11][14]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][15] = P[2][15] + P[0][15]*SF[3] + P[3][15]*SF[5] + P[1][15]*SPP[6] - P[10][15]*SPP[3] + P[12][15]*SPP[5] - (P[11][15]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][16] = P[2][16] + P[0][16]*SF[3] + P[3][16]*SF[5] + P[1][16]*SPP[6] - P[10][16]*SPP[3] + P[12][16]*SPP[5] - (P[11][16]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][17] = P[2][17] + P[0][17]*SF[3] + P[3][17]*SF[5] + P[1][17]*SPP[6] - P[10][17]*SPP[3] + P[12][17]*SPP[5] - (P[11][17]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][18] = P[2][18] + P[0][18]*SF[3] + P[3][18]*SF[5] + P[1][18]*SPP[6] - P[10][18]*SPP[3] + P[12][18]*SPP[5] - (P[11][18]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][19] = P[2][19] + P[0][19]*SF[3] + P[3][19]*SF[5] + P[1][19]*SPP[6] - P[10][19]*SPP[3] + P[12][19]*SPP[5] - (P[11][19]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[2][20] = P[2][20] + P[0][20]*SF[3] + P[3][20]*SF[5] + P[1][20]*SPP[6] - P[10][20]*SPP[3] + P[12][20]*SPP[5] - (P[11][20]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][0] = P[3][0] + SQ[6] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2 + SF[6]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SF[4] + P[1][10]*SF[3] + P[2][10]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][10]*SPP[5] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SF[4] + P[1][11]*SF[3] + P[2][11]*SF[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SF[4] + P[1][12]*SF[3] + P[2][12]*SF[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[4] - P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][1] = P[3][1] + SQ[4] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2 + SF[5]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) + SF[4]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[7]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[3]*(P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SF[4] + P[1][11]*SF[3] + P[2][11]*SF[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2) - SPP[4]*(P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SF[4] + P[1][12]*SF[3] + P[2][12]*SF[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[4] - P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SF[4] + P[1][10]*SF[3] + P[2][10]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][10]*SPP[5] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[3][2] = P[3][2] + SQ[3] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2 + SF[3]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) + SF[5]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[6]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2) - SPP[3]*(P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SF[4] + P[1][10]*SF[3] + P[2][10]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][10]*SPP[5] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2) + SPP[5]*(P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SF[4] + P[1][12]*SF[3] + P[2][12]*SF[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[4] - P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2) - (q0*(P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SF[4] + P[1][11]*SF[3] + P[2][11]*SF[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[3][3] = P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] + (dayCov*SQ[10])/4 + dazCov*SQ[9] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2 + SF[4]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) + SF[3]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2) + SF[6]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2) + SPP[4]*(P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SF[4] + P[1][10]*SF[3] + P[2][10]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][10]*SPP[5] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2) - SPP[5]*(P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SF[4] + P[1][11]*SF[3] + P[2][11]*SF[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2) + (daxCov*sq(q2))/4 - (q0*(P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SF[4] + P[1][12]*SF[3] + P[2][12]*SF[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[4] - P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2))/2;
+ nextP[3][4] = P[3][4] + P[0][4]*SF[4] + P[1][4]*SF[3] + P[2][4]*SF[6] + P[10][4]*SPP[4] - P[11][4]*SPP[5] - (P[12][4]*q0)/2 + SF[2]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2) - SPP[2]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][5] = P[3][5] + P[0][5]*SF[4] + P[1][5]*SF[3] + P[2][5]*SF[6] + P[10][5]*SPP[4] - P[11][5]*SPP[5] - (P[12][5]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2) + SF[2]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2) - SPP[0]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][6] = P[3][6] + P[0][6]*SF[4] + P[1][6]*SF[3] + P[2][6]*SF[6] + P[10][6]*SPP[4] - P[11][6]*SPP[5] - (P[12][6]*q0)/2 + SF[1]*(P[3][1] + P[0][1]*SF[4] + P[1][1]*SF[3] + P[2][1]*SF[6] + P[10][1]*SPP[4] - P[11][1]*SPP[5] - (P[12][1]*q0)/2) + SF[0]*(P[3][3] + P[0][3]*SF[4] + P[1][3]*SF[3] + P[2][3]*SF[6] + P[10][3]*SPP[4] - P[11][3]*SPP[5] - (P[12][3]*q0)/2) + SPP[0]*(P[3][0] + P[0][0]*SF[4] + P[1][0]*SF[3] + P[2][0]*SF[6] + P[10][0]*SPP[4] - P[11][0]*SPP[5] - (P[12][0]*q0)/2) - SPP[1]*(P[3][2] + P[0][2]*SF[4] + P[1][2]*SF[3] + P[2][2]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[4] - P[11][2]*SPP[5] - (P[12][2]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][7] = P[3][7] + P[0][7]*SF[4] + P[1][7]*SF[3] + P[2][7]*SF[6] + P[10][7]*SPP[4] - P[11][7]*SPP[5] - (P[12][7]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[3][4] + P[0][4]*SF[4] + P[1][4]*SF[3] + P[2][4]*SF[6] + P[10][4]*SPP[4] - P[11][4]*SPP[5] - (P[12][4]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][8] = P[3][8] + P[0][8]*SF[4] + P[1][8]*SF[3] + P[2][8]*SF[6] + P[10][8]*SPP[4] - P[11][8]*SPP[5] - (P[12][8]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[3][5] + P[0][5]*SF[4] + P[1][5]*SF[3] + P[2][5]*SF[6] + P[10][5]*SPP[4] - P[11][5]*SPP[5] - (P[12][5]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][9] = P[3][9] + P[0][9]*SF[4] + P[1][9]*SF[3] + P[2][9]*SF[6] + P[10][9]*SPP[4] - P[11][9]*SPP[5] - (P[12][9]*q0)/2 + dt*(P[3][6] + P[0][6]*SF[4] + P[1][6]*SF[3] + P[2][6]*SF[6] + P[10][6]*SPP[4] - P[11][6]*SPP[5] - (P[12][6]*q0)/2);
+ nextP[3][10] = P[3][10] + P[0][10]*SF[4] + P[1][10]*SF[3] + P[2][10]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][10]*SPP[5] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][11] = P[3][11] + P[0][11]*SF[4] + P[1][11]*SF[3] + P[2][11]*SF[6] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][12] = P[3][12] + P[0][12]*SF[4] + P[1][12]*SF[3] + P[2][12]*SF[6] + P[10][12]*SPP[4] - P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][13] = P[3][13] + P[0][13]*SF[4] + P[1][13]*SF[3] + P[2][13]*SF[6] + P[10][13]*SPP[4] - P[11][13]*SPP[5] - (P[12][13]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][14] = P[3][14] + P[0][14]*SF[4] + P[1][14]*SF[3] + P[2][14]*SF[6] + P[10][14]*SPP[4] - P[11][14]*SPP[5] - (P[12][14]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][15] = P[3][15] + P[0][15]*SF[4] + P[1][15]*SF[3] + P[2][15]*SF[6] + P[10][15]*SPP[4] - P[11][15]*SPP[5] - (P[12][15]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][16] = P[3][16] + P[0][16]*SF[4] + P[1][16]*SF[3] + P[2][16]*SF[6] + P[10][16]*SPP[4] - P[11][16]*SPP[5] - (P[12][16]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][17] = P[3][17] + P[0][17]*SF[4] + P[1][17]*SF[3] + P[2][17]*SF[6] + P[10][17]*SPP[4] - P[11][17]*SPP[5] - (P[12][17]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][18] = P[3][18] + P[0][18]*SF[4] + P[1][18]*SF[3] + P[2][18]*SF[6] + P[10][18]*SPP[4] - P[11][18]*SPP[5] - (P[12][18]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][19] = P[3][19] + P[0][19]*SF[4] + P[1][19]*SF[3] + P[2][19]*SF[6] + P[10][19]*SPP[4] - P[11][19]*SPP[5] - (P[12][19]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[3][20] = P[3][20] + P[0][20]*SF[4] + P[1][20]*SF[3] + P[2][20]*SF[6] + P[10][20]*SPP[4] - P[11][20]*SPP[5] - (P[12][20]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[4][0] = P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2] + SF[6]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]) + SPP[7]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]) + SPP[6]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) + SPP[5]*(P[4][10] + P[0][10]*SF[2] + P[1][10]*SF[0] + P[2][10]*SPP[0] - P[3][10]*SPP[2]) + SPP[4]*(P[4][11] + P[0][11]*SF[2] + P[1][11]*SF[0] + P[2][11]*SPP[0] - P[3][11]*SPP[2]) + SPP[3]*(P[4][12] + P[0][12]*SF[2] + P[1][12]*SF[0] + P[2][12]*SPP[0] - P[3][12]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][1] = P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2] + SF[5]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) + SF[4]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]) + SPP[7]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) + SPP[3]*(P[4][11] + P[0][11]*SF[2] + P[1][11]*SF[0] + P[2][11]*SPP[0] - P[3][11]*SPP[2]) - SPP[4]*(P[4][12] + P[0][12]*SF[2] + P[1][12]*SF[0] + P[2][12]*SPP[0] - P[3][12]*SPP[2]) - (q0*(P[4][10] + P[0][10]*SF[2] + P[1][10]*SF[0] + P[2][10]*SPP[0] - P[3][10]*SPP[2]))/2;
+ nextP[4][2] = P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2] + SF[3]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) + SF[5]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) + SPP[6]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]) - SPP[3]*(P[4][10] + P[0][10]*SF[2] + P[1][10]*SF[0] + P[2][10]*SPP[0] - P[3][10]*SPP[2]) + SPP[5]*(P[4][12] + P[0][12]*SF[2] + P[1][12]*SF[0] + P[2][12]*SPP[0] - P[3][12]*SPP[2]) - (q0*(P[4][11] + P[0][11]*SF[2] + P[1][11]*SF[0] + P[2][11]*SPP[0] - P[3][11]*SPP[2]))/2;
+ nextP[4][3] = P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2] + SF[4]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) + SF[3]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]) + SF[6]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]) + SPP[4]*(P[4][10] + P[0][10]*SF[2] + P[1][10]*SF[0] + P[2][10]*SPP[0] - P[3][10]*SPP[2]) - SPP[5]*(P[4][11] + P[0][11]*SF[2] + P[1][11]*SF[0] + P[2][11]*SPP[0] - P[3][11]*SPP[2]) - (q0*(P[4][12] + P[0][12]*SF[2] + P[1][12]*SF[0] + P[2][12]*SPP[0] - P[3][12]*SPP[2]))/2;
+ nextP[4][4] = P[4][4] + P[0][4]*SF[2] + P[1][4]*SF[0] + P[2][4]*SPP[0] - P[3][4]*SPP[2] + dvyCov*sq(SG[7] - 2*q0*q3) + dvzCov*sq(SG[6] + 2*q0*q2) + SF[2]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) + SF[0]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]) + SPP[0]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]) - SPP[2]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) + dvxCov*sq(SG[1] + SG[2] - SG[3] - SG[4]);
+ nextP[4][5] = P[4][5] + SQ[2] + P[0][5]*SF[2] + P[1][5]*SF[0] + P[2][5]*SPP[0] - P[3][5]*SPP[2] + SF[1]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) + SF[0]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]) + SF[2]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) - SPP[0]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][6] = P[4][6] + SQ[1] + P[0][6]*SF[2] + P[1][6]*SF[0] + P[2][6]*SPP[0] - P[3][6]*SPP[2] + SF[1]*(P[4][1] + P[0][1]*SF[2] + P[1][1]*SF[0] + P[2][1]*SPP[0] - P[3][1]*SPP[2]) + SF[0]*(P[4][3] + P[0][3]*SF[2] + P[1][3]*SF[0] + P[2][3]*SPP[0] - P[3][3]*SPP[2]) + SPP[0]*(P[4][0] + P[0][0]*SF[2] + P[1][0]*SF[0] + P[2][0]*SPP[0] - P[3][0]*SPP[2]) - SPP[1]*(P[4][2] + P[0][2]*SF[2] + P[1][2]*SF[0] + P[2][2]*SPP[0] - P[3][2]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][7] = P[4][7] + P[0][7]*SF[2] + P[1][7]*SF[0] + P[2][7]*SPP[0] - P[3][7]*SPP[2] + dt*(P[4][4] + P[0][4]*SF[2] + P[1][4]*SF[0] + P[2][4]*SPP[0] - P[3][4]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][8] = P[4][8] + P[0][8]*SF[2] + P[1][8]*SF[0] + P[2][8]*SPP[0] - P[3][8]*SPP[2] + dt*(P[4][5] + P[0][5]*SF[2] + P[1][5]*SF[0] + P[2][5]*SPP[0] - P[3][5]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][9] = P[4][9] + P[0][9]*SF[2] + P[1][9]*SF[0] + P[2][9]*SPP[0] - P[3][9]*SPP[2] + dt*(P[4][6] + P[0][6]*SF[2] + P[1][6]*SF[0] + P[2][6]*SPP[0] - P[3][6]*SPP[2]);
+ nextP[4][10] = P[4][10] + P[0][10]*SF[2] + P[1][10]*SF[0] + P[2][10]*SPP[0] - P[3][10]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][11] = P[4][11] + P[0][11]*SF[2] + P[1][11]*SF[0] + P[2][11]*SPP[0] - P[3][11]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][12] = P[4][12] + P[0][12]*SF[2] + P[1][12]*SF[0] + P[2][12]*SPP[0] - P[3][12]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][13] = P[4][13] + P[0][13]*SF[2] + P[1][13]*SF[0] + P[2][13]*SPP[0] - P[3][13]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][14] = P[4][14] + P[0][14]*SF[2] + P[1][14]*SF[0] + P[2][14]*SPP[0] - P[3][14]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][15] = P[4][15] + P[0][15]*SF[2] + P[1][15]*SF[0] + P[2][15]*SPP[0] - P[3][15]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][16] = P[4][16] + P[0][16]*SF[2] + P[1][16]*SF[0] + P[2][16]*SPP[0] - P[3][16]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][17] = P[4][17] + P[0][17]*SF[2] + P[1][17]*SF[0] + P[2][17]*SPP[0] - P[3][17]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][18] = P[4][18] + P[0][18]*SF[2] + P[1][18]*SF[0] + P[2][18]*SPP[0] - P[3][18]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][19] = P[4][19] + P[0][19]*SF[2] + P[1][19]*SF[0] + P[2][19]*SPP[0] - P[3][19]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[4][20] = P[4][20] + P[0][20]*SF[2] + P[1][20]*SF[0] + P[2][20]*SPP[0] - P[3][20]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[5][0] = P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0] + SF[6]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) + SPP[7]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]) + SPP[6]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]) + SPP[5]*(P[5][10] + P[0][10]*SF[1] + P[2][10]*SF[0] + P[3][10]*SF[2] - P[1][10]*SPP[0]) + SPP[4]*(P[5][11] + P[0][11]*SF[1] + P[2][11]*SF[0] + P[3][11]*SF[2] - P[1][11]*SPP[0]) + SPP[3]*(P[5][12] + P[0][12]*SF[1] + P[2][12]*SF[0] + P[3][12]*SF[2] - P[1][12]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][1] = P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0] + SF[5]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) + SF[4]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]) + SPP[7]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]) + SPP[3]*(P[5][11] + P[0][11]*SF[1] + P[2][11]*SF[0] + P[3][11]*SF[2] - P[1][11]*SPP[0]) - SPP[4]*(P[5][12] + P[0][12]*SF[1] + P[2][12]*SF[0] + P[3][12]*SF[2] - P[1][12]*SPP[0]) - (q0*(P[5][10] + P[0][10]*SF[1] + P[2][10]*SF[0] + P[3][10]*SF[2] - P[1][10]*SPP[0]))/2;
+ nextP[5][2] = P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0] + SF[3]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) + SF[5]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]) + SPP[6]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) - SPP[3]*(P[5][10] + P[0][10]*SF[1] + P[2][10]*SF[0] + P[3][10]*SF[2] - P[1][10]*SPP[0]) + SPP[5]*(P[5][12] + P[0][12]*SF[1] + P[2][12]*SF[0] + P[3][12]*SF[2] - P[1][12]*SPP[0]) - (q0*(P[5][11] + P[0][11]*SF[1] + P[2][11]*SF[0] + P[3][11]*SF[2] - P[1][11]*SPP[0]))/2;
+ nextP[5][3] = P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0] + SF[4]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) + SF[3]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) + SF[6]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]) + SPP[4]*(P[5][10] + P[0][10]*SF[1] + P[2][10]*SF[0] + P[3][10]*SF[2] - P[1][10]*SPP[0]) - SPP[5]*(P[5][11] + P[0][11]*SF[1] + P[2][11]*SF[0] + P[3][11]*SF[2] - P[1][11]*SPP[0]) - (q0*(P[5][12] + P[0][12]*SF[1] + P[2][12]*SF[0] + P[3][12]*SF[2] - P[1][12]*SPP[0]))/2;
+ nextP[5][4] = P[5][4] + SQ[2] + P[0][4]*SF[1] + P[2][4]*SF[0] + P[3][4]*SF[2] - P[1][4]*SPP[0] + SF[2]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) + SF[0]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) + SPP[0]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]) - SPP[2]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][5] = P[5][5] + P[0][5]*SF[1] + P[2][5]*SF[0] + P[3][5]*SF[2] - P[1][5]*SPP[0] + dvxCov*sq(SG[7] + 2*q0*q3) + dvzCov*sq(SG[5] - 2*q0*q1) + SF[1]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) + SF[0]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]) + SF[2]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]) - SPP[0]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) + dvyCov*sq(SG[1] - SG[2] + SG[3] - SG[4]);
+ nextP[5][6] = P[5][6] + SQ[0] + P[0][6]*SF[1] + P[2][6]*SF[0] + P[3][6]*SF[2] - P[1][6]*SPP[0] + SF[1]*(P[5][1] + P[0][1]*SF[1] + P[2][1]*SF[0] + P[3][1]*SF[2] - P[1][1]*SPP[0]) + SF[0]*(P[5][3] + P[0][3]*SF[1] + P[2][3]*SF[0] + P[3][3]*SF[2] - P[1][3]*SPP[0]) + SPP[0]*(P[5][0] + P[0][0]*SF[1] + P[2][0]*SF[0] + P[3][0]*SF[2] - P[1][0]*SPP[0]) - SPP[1]*(P[5][2] + P[0][2]*SF[1] + P[2][2]*SF[0] + P[3][2]*SF[2] - P[1][2]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][7] = P[5][7] + P[0][7]*SF[1] + P[2][7]*SF[0] + P[3][7]*SF[2] - P[1][7]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][4] + P[0][4]*SF[1] + P[2][4]*SF[0] + P[3][4]*SF[2] - P[1][4]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][8] = P[5][8] + P[0][8]*SF[1] + P[2][8]*SF[0] + P[3][8]*SF[2] - P[1][8]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][5] + P[0][5]*SF[1] + P[2][5]*SF[0] + P[3][5]*SF[2] - P[1][5]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][9] = P[5][9] + P[0][9]*SF[1] + P[2][9]*SF[0] + P[3][9]*SF[2] - P[1][9]*SPP[0] + dt*(P[5][6] + P[0][6]*SF[1] + P[2][6]*SF[0] + P[3][6]*SF[2] - P[1][6]*SPP[0]);
+ nextP[5][10] = P[5][10] + P[0][10]*SF[1] + P[2][10]*SF[0] + P[3][10]*SF[2] - P[1][10]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][11] = P[5][11] + P[0][11]*SF[1] + P[2][11]*SF[0] + P[3][11]*SF[2] - P[1][11]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][12] = P[5][12] + P[0][12]*SF[1] + P[2][12]*SF[0] + P[3][12]*SF[2] - P[1][12]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][13] = P[5][13] + P[0][13]*SF[1] + P[2][13]*SF[0] + P[3][13]*SF[2] - P[1][13]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][14] = P[5][14] + P[0][14]*SF[1] + P[2][14]*SF[0] + P[3][14]*SF[2] - P[1][14]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][15] = P[5][15] + P[0][15]*SF[1] + P[2][15]*SF[0] + P[3][15]*SF[2] - P[1][15]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][16] = P[5][16] + P[0][16]*SF[1] + P[2][16]*SF[0] + P[3][16]*SF[2] - P[1][16]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][17] = P[5][17] + P[0][17]*SF[1] + P[2][17]*SF[0] + P[3][17]*SF[2] - P[1][17]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][18] = P[5][18] + P[0][18]*SF[1] + P[2][18]*SF[0] + P[3][18]*SF[2] - P[1][18]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][19] = P[5][19] + P[0][19]*SF[1] + P[2][19]*SF[0] + P[3][19]*SF[2] - P[1][19]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[5][20] = P[5][20] + P[0][20]*SF[1] + P[2][20]*SF[0] + P[3][20]*SF[2] - P[1][20]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[6][0] = P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1] + SF[6]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]) + SPP[7]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) + SPP[6]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]) + SPP[5]*(P[6][10] + P[1][10]*SF[1] + P[3][10]*SF[0] + P[0][10]*SPP[0] - P[2][10]*SPP[1]) + SPP[4]*(P[6][11] + P[1][11]*SF[1] + P[3][11]*SF[0] + P[0][11]*SPP[0] - P[2][11]*SPP[1]) + SPP[3]*(P[6][12] + P[1][12]*SF[1] + P[3][12]*SF[0] + P[0][12]*SPP[0] - P[2][12]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][1] = P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1] + SF[5]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) + SF[4]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) + SPP[7]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]) + SPP[3]*(P[6][11] + P[1][11]*SF[1] + P[3][11]*SF[0] + P[0][11]*SPP[0] - P[2][11]*SPP[1]) - SPP[4]*(P[6][12] + P[1][12]*SF[1] + P[3][12]*SF[0] + P[0][12]*SPP[0] - P[2][12]*SPP[1]) - (q0*(P[6][10] + P[1][10]*SF[1] + P[3][10]*SF[0] + P[0][10]*SPP[0] - P[2][10]*SPP[1]))/2;
+ nextP[6][2] = P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1] + SF[3]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) + SF[5]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]) + SPP[6]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]) - SPP[3]*(P[6][10] + P[1][10]*SF[1] + P[3][10]*SF[0] + P[0][10]*SPP[0] - P[2][10]*SPP[1]) + SPP[5]*(P[6][12] + P[1][12]*SF[1] + P[3][12]*SF[0] + P[0][12]*SPP[0] - P[2][12]*SPP[1]) - (q0*(P[6][11] + P[1][11]*SF[1] + P[3][11]*SF[0] + P[0][11]*SPP[0] - P[2][11]*SPP[1]))/2;
+ nextP[6][3] = P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1] + SF[4]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) + SF[3]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]) + SF[6]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) + SPP[4]*(P[6][10] + P[1][10]*SF[1] + P[3][10]*SF[0] + P[0][10]*SPP[0] - P[2][10]*SPP[1]) - SPP[5]*(P[6][11] + P[1][11]*SF[1] + P[3][11]*SF[0] + P[0][11]*SPP[0] - P[2][11]*SPP[1]) - (q0*(P[6][12] + P[1][12]*SF[1] + P[3][12]*SF[0] + P[0][12]*SPP[0] - P[2][12]*SPP[1]))/2;
+ nextP[6][4] = P[6][4] + SQ[1] + P[1][4]*SF[1] + P[3][4]*SF[0] + P[0][4]*SPP[0] - P[2][4]*SPP[1] + SF[2]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) + SF[0]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]) + SPP[0]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) - SPP[2]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][5] = P[6][5] + SQ[0] + P[1][5]*SF[1] + P[3][5]*SF[0] + P[0][5]*SPP[0] - P[2][5]*SPP[1] + SF[1]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) + SF[0]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) + SF[2]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]) - SPP[0]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][6] = P[6][6] + P[1][6]*SF[1] + P[3][6]*SF[0] + P[0][6]*SPP[0] - P[2][6]*SPP[1] + dvxCov*sq(SG[6] - 2*q0*q2) + dvyCov*sq(SG[5] + 2*q0*q1) + SF[1]*(P[6][1] + P[1][1]*SF[1] + P[3][1]*SF[0] + P[0][1]*SPP[0] - P[2][1]*SPP[1]) + SF[0]*(P[6][3] + P[1][3]*SF[1] + P[3][3]*SF[0] + P[0][3]*SPP[0] - P[2][3]*SPP[1]) + SPP[0]*(P[6][0] + P[1][0]*SF[1] + P[3][0]*SF[0] + P[0][0]*SPP[0] - P[2][0]*SPP[1]) - SPP[1]*(P[6][2] + P[1][2]*SF[1] + P[3][2]*SF[0] + P[0][2]*SPP[0] - P[2][2]*SPP[1]) + dvzCov*sq(SG[1] - SG[2] - SG[3] + SG[4]);
+ nextP[6][7] = P[6][7] + P[1][7]*SF[1] + P[3][7]*SF[0] + P[0][7]*SPP[0] - P[2][7]*SPP[1] + dt*(P[6][4] + P[1][4]*SF[1] + P[3][4]*SF[0] + P[0][4]*SPP[0] - P[2][4]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][8] = P[6][8] + P[1][8]*SF[1] + P[3][8]*SF[0] + P[0][8]*SPP[0] - P[2][8]*SPP[1] + dt*(P[6][5] + P[1][5]*SF[1] + P[3][5]*SF[0] + P[0][5]*SPP[0] - P[2][5]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][9] = P[6][9] + P[1][9]*SF[1] + P[3][9]*SF[0] + P[0][9]*SPP[0] - P[2][9]*SPP[1] + dt*(P[6][6] + P[1][6]*SF[1] + P[3][6]*SF[0] + P[0][6]*SPP[0] - P[2][6]*SPP[1]);
+ nextP[6][10] = P[6][10] + P[1][10]*SF[1] + P[3][10]*SF[0] + P[0][10]*SPP[0] - P[2][10]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][11] = P[6][11] + P[1][11]*SF[1] + P[3][11]*SF[0] + P[0][11]*SPP[0] - P[2][11]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][12] = P[6][12] + P[1][12]*SF[1] + P[3][12]*SF[0] + P[0][12]*SPP[0] - P[2][12]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][13] = P[6][13] + P[1][13]*SF[1] + P[3][13]*SF[0] + P[0][13]*SPP[0] - P[2][13]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][14] = P[6][14] + P[1][14]*SF[1] + P[3][14]*SF[0] + P[0][14]*SPP[0] - P[2][14]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][15] = P[6][15] + P[1][15]*SF[1] + P[3][15]*SF[0] + P[0][15]*SPP[0] - P[2][15]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][16] = P[6][16] + P[1][16]*SF[1] + P[3][16]*SF[0] + P[0][16]*SPP[0] - P[2][16]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][17] = P[6][17] + P[1][17]*SF[1] + P[3][17]*SF[0] + P[0][17]*SPP[0] - P[2][17]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][18] = P[6][18] + P[1][18]*SF[1] + P[3][18]*SF[0] + P[0][18]*SPP[0] - P[2][18]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][19] = P[6][19] + P[1][19]*SF[1] + P[3][19]*SF[0] + P[0][19]*SPP[0] - P[2][19]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[6][20] = P[6][20] + P[1][20]*SF[1] + P[3][20]*SF[0] + P[0][20]*SPP[0] - P[2][20]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[7][0] = P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt + SF[6]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt);
+ nextP[7][1] = P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt + SF[5]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) + SF[4]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt) - SPP[4]*(P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[7][2] = P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt + SF[3]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) + SF[5]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt) - SPP[3]*(P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[7][3] = P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt + SF[4]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) + SF[3]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt) + SF[6]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt) - SPP[5]*(P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt) - (q0*(P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[7][4] = P[7][4] + P[4][4]*dt + SF[0]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt) - SPP[2]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt);
+ nextP[7][5] = P[7][5] + P[4][5]*dt + SF[1]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt) - SPP[0]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt);
+ nextP[7][6] = P[7][6] + P[4][6]*dt + SF[1]*(P[7][1] + P[4][1]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[7][3] + P[4][3]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[7][0] + P[4][0]*dt) - SPP[1]*(P[7][2] + P[4][2]*dt);
+ nextP[7][7] = P[7][7] + P[4][7]*dt + dt*(P[7][4] + P[4][4]*dt);
+ nextP[7][8] = P[7][8] + P[4][8]*dt + dt*(P[7][5] + P[4][5]*dt);
+ nextP[7][9] = P[7][9] + P[4][9]*dt + dt*(P[7][6] + P[4][6]*dt);
+ nextP[7][10] = P[7][10] + P[4][10]*dt;
+ nextP[7][11] = P[7][11] + P[4][11]*dt;
+ nextP[7][12] = P[7][12] + P[4][12]*dt;
+ nextP[7][13] = P[7][13] + P[4][13]*dt;
+ nextP[7][14] = P[7][14] + P[4][14]*dt;
+ nextP[7][15] = P[7][15] + P[4][15]*dt;
+ nextP[7][16] = P[7][16] + P[4][16]*dt;
+ nextP[7][17] = P[7][17] + P[4][17]*dt;
+ nextP[7][18] = P[7][18] + P[4][18]*dt;
+ nextP[7][19] = P[7][19] + P[4][19]*dt;
+ nextP[7][20] = P[7][20] + P[4][20]*dt;
+ nextP[8][0] = P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt + SF[6]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt);
+ nextP[8][1] = P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt + SF[5]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) + SF[4]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt) - SPP[4]*(P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[8][2] = P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt + SF[3]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) + SF[5]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt) - SPP[3]*(P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[8][3] = P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt + SF[4]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) + SF[3]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt) + SF[6]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt) - SPP[5]*(P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt) - (q0*(P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[8][4] = P[8][4] + P[5][4]*dt + SF[0]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt) - SPP[2]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt);
+ nextP[8][5] = P[8][5] + P[5][5]*dt + SF[1]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt) - SPP[0]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt);
+ nextP[8][6] = P[8][6] + P[5][6]*dt + SF[1]*(P[8][1] + P[5][1]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[8][3] + P[5][3]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[8][0] + P[5][0]*dt) - SPP[1]*(P[8][2] + P[5][2]*dt);
+ nextP[8][7] = P[8][7] + P[5][7]*dt + dt*(P[8][4] + P[5][4]*dt);
+ nextP[8][8] = P[8][8] + P[5][8]*dt + dt*(P[8][5] + P[5][5]*dt);
+ nextP[8][9] = P[8][9] + P[5][9]*dt + dt*(P[8][6] + P[5][6]*dt);
+ nextP[8][10] = P[8][10] + P[5][10]*dt;
+ nextP[8][11] = P[8][11] + P[5][11]*dt;
+ nextP[8][12] = P[8][12] + P[5][12]*dt;
+ nextP[8][13] = P[8][13] + P[5][13]*dt;
+ nextP[8][14] = P[8][14] + P[5][14]*dt;
+ nextP[8][15] = P[8][15] + P[5][15]*dt;
+ nextP[8][16] = P[8][16] + P[5][16]*dt;
+ nextP[8][17] = P[8][17] + P[5][17]*dt;
+ nextP[8][18] = P[8][18] + P[5][18]*dt;
+ nextP[8][19] = P[8][19] + P[5][19]*dt;
+ nextP[8][20] = P[8][20] + P[5][20]*dt;
+ nextP[9][0] = P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt + SF[6]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[9][10] + P[6][10]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[9][11] + P[6][11]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[9][12] + P[6][12]*dt);
+ nextP[9][1] = P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt + SF[5]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) + SF[4]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt) + SPP[7]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt) + SPP[3]*(P[9][11] + P[6][11]*dt) - SPP[4]*(P[9][12] + P[6][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[9][10] + P[6][10]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[9][2] = P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt + SF[3]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) + SF[5]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt) + SPP[6]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt) - SPP[3]*(P[9][10] + P[6][10]*dt) + SPP[5]*(P[9][12] + P[6][12]*dt) - (q0*(P[9][11] + P[6][11]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[9][3] = P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt + SF[4]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) + SF[3]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt) + SF[6]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt) + SPP[4]*(P[9][10] + P[6][10]*dt) - SPP[5]*(P[9][11] + P[6][11]*dt) - (q0*(P[9][12] + P[6][12]*dt))/2;
+ nextP[9][4] = P[9][4] + P[6][4]*dt + SF[0]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt) - SPP[2]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt);
+ nextP[9][5] = P[9][5] + P[6][5]*dt + SF[1]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt) + SF[2]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt) - SPP[0]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt);
+ nextP[9][6] = P[9][6] + P[6][6]*dt + SF[1]*(P[9][1] + P[6][1]*dt) + SF[0]*(P[9][3] + P[6][3]*dt) + SPP[0]*(P[9][0] + P[6][0]*dt) - SPP[1]*(P[9][2] + P[6][2]*dt);
+ nextP[9][7] = P[9][7] + P[6][7]*dt + dt*(P[9][4] + P[6][4]*dt);
+ nextP[9][8] = P[9][8] + P[6][8]*dt + dt*(P[9][5] + P[6][5]*dt);
+ nextP[9][9] = P[9][9] + P[6][9]*dt + dt*(P[9][6] + P[6][6]*dt);
+ nextP[9][10] = P[9][10] + P[6][10]*dt;
+ nextP[9][11] = P[9][11] + P[6][11]*dt;
+ nextP[9][12] = P[9][12] + P[6][12]*dt;
+ nextP[9][13] = P[9][13] + P[6][13]*dt;
+ nextP[9][14] = P[9][14] + P[6][14]*dt;
+ nextP[9][15] = P[9][15] + P[6][15]*dt;
+ nextP[9][16] = P[9][16] + P[6][16]*dt;
+ nextP[9][17] = P[9][17] + P[6][17]*dt;
+ nextP[9][18] = P[9][18] + P[6][18]*dt;
+ nextP[9][19] = P[9][19] + P[6][19]*dt;
+ nextP[9][20] = P[9][20] + P[6][20]*dt;
+ nextP[10][0] = P[10][0] + P[10][1]*SF[6] + P[10][2]*SPP[7] + P[10][3]*SPP[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[5] + P[10][11]*SPP[4] + P[10][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[10][1] = P[10][1] + P[10][0]*SF[5] + P[10][2]*SF[4] + P[10][3]*SPP[7] + P[10][11]*SPP[3] - P[10][12]*SPP[4] - (P[10][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[10][2] = P[10][2] + P[10][0]*SF[3] + P[10][3]*SF[5] + P[10][1]*SPP[6] - P[10][10]*SPP[3] + P[10][12]*SPP[5] - (P[10][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[10][3] = P[10][3] + P[10][0]*SF[4] + P[10][1]*SF[3] + P[10][2]*SF[6] + P[10][10]*SPP[4] - P[10][11]*SPP[5] - (P[10][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[10][4] = P[10][4] + P[10][1]*SF[0] + P[10][0]*SF[2] + P[10][2]*SPP[0] - P[10][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[10][5] = P[10][5] + P[10][0]*SF[1] + P[10][2]*SF[0] + P[10][3]*SF[2] - P[10][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[10][6] = P[10][6] + P[10][1]*SF[1] + P[10][3]*SF[0] + P[10][0]*SPP[0] - P[10][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[10][7] = P[10][7] + P[10][4]*dt;
+ nextP[10][8] = P[10][8] + P[10][5]*dt;
+ nextP[10][9] = P[10][9] + P[10][6]*dt;
+ nextP[10][10] = P[10][10];
+ nextP[10][11] = P[10][11];
+ nextP[10][12] = P[10][12];
+ nextP[10][13] = P[10][13];
+ nextP[10][14] = P[10][14];
+ nextP[10][15] = P[10][15];
+ nextP[10][16] = P[10][16];
+ nextP[10][17] = P[10][17];
+ nextP[10][18] = P[10][18];
+ nextP[10][19] = P[10][19];
+ nextP[10][20] = P[10][20];
+ nextP[11][0] = P[11][0] + P[11][1]*SF[6] + P[11][2]*SPP[7] + P[11][3]*SPP[6] + P[11][10]*SPP[5] + P[11][11]*SPP[4] + P[11][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[11][1] = P[11][1] + P[11][0]*SF[5] + P[11][2]*SF[4] + P[11][3]*SPP[7] + P[11][11]*SPP[3] - P[11][12]*SPP[4] - (P[11][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[11][2] = P[11][2] + P[11][0]*SF[3] + P[11][3]*SF[5] + P[11][1]*SPP[6] - P[11][10]*SPP[3] + P[11][12]*SPP[5] - (P[11][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[11][3] = P[11][3] + P[11][0]*SF[4] + P[11][1]*SF[3] + P[11][2]*SF[6] + P[11][10]*SPP[4] - P[11][11]*SPP[5] - (P[11][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[11][4] = P[11][4] + P[11][1]*SF[0] + P[11][0]*SF[2] + P[11][2]*SPP[0] - P[11][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[11][5] = P[11][5] + P[11][0]*SF[1] + P[11][2]*SF[0] + P[11][3]*SF[2] - P[11][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[11][6] = P[11][6] + P[11][1]*SF[1] + P[11][3]*SF[0] + P[11][0]*SPP[0] - P[11][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[11][7] = P[11][7] + P[11][4]*dt;
+ nextP[11][8] = P[11][8] + P[11][5]*dt;
+ nextP[11][9] = P[11][9] + P[11][6]*dt;
+ nextP[11][10] = P[11][10];
+ nextP[11][11] = P[11][11];
+ nextP[11][12] = P[11][12];
+ nextP[11][13] = P[11][13];
+ nextP[11][14] = P[11][14];
+ nextP[11][15] = P[11][15];
+ nextP[11][16] = P[11][16];
+ nextP[11][17] = P[11][17];
+ nextP[11][18] = P[11][18];
+ nextP[11][19] = P[11][19];
+ nextP[11][20] = P[11][20];
+ nextP[12][0] = P[12][0] + P[12][1]*SF[6] + P[12][2]*SPP[7] + P[12][3]*SPP[6] + P[12][10]*SPP[5] + P[12][11]*SPP[4] + P[12][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[12][1] = P[12][1] + P[12][0]*SF[5] + P[12][2]*SF[4] + P[12][3]*SPP[7] + P[12][11]*SPP[3] - P[12][12]*SPP[4] - (P[12][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[12][2] = P[12][2] + P[12][0]*SF[3] + P[12][3]*SF[5] + P[12][1]*SPP[6] - P[12][10]*SPP[3] + P[12][12]*SPP[5] - (P[12][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[12][3] = P[12][3] + P[12][0]*SF[4] + P[12][1]*SF[3] + P[12][2]*SF[6] + P[12][10]*SPP[4] - P[12][11]*SPP[5] - (P[12][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[12][4] = P[12][4] + P[12][1]*SF[0] + P[12][0]*SF[2] + P[12][2]*SPP[0] - P[12][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[12][5] = P[12][5] + P[12][0]*SF[1] + P[12][2]*SF[0] + P[12][3]*SF[2] - P[12][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[12][6] = P[12][6] + P[12][1]*SF[1] + P[12][3]*SF[0] + P[12][0]*SPP[0] - P[12][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[12][7] = P[12][7] + P[12][4]*dt;
+ nextP[12][8] = P[12][8] + P[12][5]*dt;
+ nextP[12][9] = P[12][9] + P[12][6]*dt;
+ nextP[12][10] = P[12][10];
+ nextP[12][11] = P[12][11];
+ nextP[12][12] = P[12][12];
+ nextP[12][13] = P[12][13];
+ nextP[12][14] = P[12][14];
+ nextP[12][15] = P[12][15];
+ nextP[12][16] = P[12][16];
+ nextP[12][17] = P[12][17];
+ nextP[12][18] = P[12][18];
+ nextP[12][19] = P[12][19];
+ nextP[12][20] = P[12][20];
+ nextP[13][0] = P[13][0] + P[13][1]*SF[6] + P[13][2]*SPP[7] + P[13][3]*SPP[6] + P[13][10]*SPP[5] + P[13][11]*SPP[4] + P[13][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[13][1] = P[13][1] + P[13][0]*SF[5] + P[13][2]*SF[4] + P[13][3]*SPP[7] + P[13][11]*SPP[3] - P[13][12]*SPP[4] - (P[13][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[13][2] = P[13][2] + P[13][0]*SF[3] + P[13][3]*SF[5] + P[13][1]*SPP[6] - P[13][10]*SPP[3] + P[13][12]*SPP[5] - (P[13][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[13][3] = P[13][3] + P[13][0]*SF[4] + P[13][1]*SF[3] + P[13][2]*SF[6] + P[13][10]*SPP[4] - P[13][11]*SPP[5] - (P[13][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[13][4] = P[13][4] + P[13][1]*SF[0] + P[13][0]*SF[2] + P[13][2]*SPP[0] - P[13][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[13][5] = P[13][5] + P[13][0]*SF[1] + P[13][2]*SF[0] + P[13][3]*SF[2] - P[13][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[13][6] = P[13][6] + P[13][1]*SF[1] + P[13][3]*SF[0] + P[13][0]*SPP[0] - P[13][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[13][7] = P[13][7] + P[13][4]*dt;
+ nextP[13][8] = P[13][8] + P[13][5]*dt;
+ nextP[13][9] = P[13][9] + P[13][6]*dt;
+ nextP[13][10] = P[13][10];
+ nextP[13][11] = P[13][11];
+ nextP[13][12] = P[13][12];
+ nextP[13][13] = P[13][13];
+ nextP[13][14] = P[13][14];
+ nextP[13][15] = P[13][15];
+ nextP[13][16] = P[13][16];
+ nextP[13][17] = P[13][17];
+ nextP[13][18] = P[13][18];
+ nextP[13][19] = P[13][19];
+ nextP[13][20] = P[13][20];
+ nextP[14][0] = P[14][0] + P[14][1]*SF[6] + P[14][2]*SPP[7] + P[14][3]*SPP[6] + P[14][10]*SPP[5] + P[14][11]*SPP[4] + P[14][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[14][1] = P[14][1] + P[14][0]*SF[5] + P[14][2]*SF[4] + P[14][3]*SPP[7] + P[14][11]*SPP[3] - P[14][12]*SPP[4] - (P[14][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[14][2] = P[14][2] + P[14][0]*SF[3] + P[14][3]*SF[5] + P[14][1]*SPP[6] - P[14][10]*SPP[3] + P[14][12]*SPP[5] - (P[14][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[14][3] = P[14][3] + P[14][0]*SF[4] + P[14][1]*SF[3] + P[14][2]*SF[6] + P[14][10]*SPP[4] - P[14][11]*SPP[5] - (P[14][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[14][4] = P[14][4] + P[14][1]*SF[0] + P[14][0]*SF[2] + P[14][2]*SPP[0] - P[14][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[14][5] = P[14][5] + P[14][0]*SF[1] + P[14][2]*SF[0] + P[14][3]*SF[2] - P[14][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[14][6] = P[14][6] + P[14][1]*SF[1] + P[14][3]*SF[0] + P[14][0]*SPP[0] - P[14][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[14][7] = P[14][7] + P[14][4]*dt;
+ nextP[14][8] = P[14][8] + P[14][5]*dt;
+ nextP[14][9] = P[14][9] + P[14][6]*dt;
+ nextP[14][10] = P[14][10];
+ nextP[14][11] = P[14][11];
+ nextP[14][12] = P[14][12];
+ nextP[14][13] = P[14][13];
+ nextP[14][14] = P[14][14];
+ nextP[14][15] = P[14][15];
+ nextP[14][16] = P[14][16];
+ nextP[14][17] = P[14][17];
+ nextP[14][18] = P[14][18];
+ nextP[14][19] = P[14][19];
+ nextP[14][20] = P[14][20];
+ nextP[15][0] = P[15][0] + P[15][1]*SF[6] + P[15][2]*SPP[7] + P[15][3]*SPP[6] + P[15][10]*SPP[5] + P[15][11]*SPP[4] + P[15][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[15][1] = P[15][1] + P[15][0]*SF[5] + P[15][2]*SF[4] + P[15][3]*SPP[7] + P[15][11]*SPP[3] - P[15][12]*SPP[4] - (P[15][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[15][2] = P[15][2] + P[15][0]*SF[3] + P[15][3]*SF[5] + P[15][1]*SPP[6] - P[15][10]*SPP[3] + P[15][12]*SPP[5] - (P[15][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[15][3] = P[15][3] + P[15][0]*SF[4] + P[15][1]*SF[3] + P[15][2]*SF[6] + P[15][10]*SPP[4] - P[15][11]*SPP[5] - (P[15][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[15][4] = P[15][4] + P[15][1]*SF[0] + P[15][0]*SF[2] + P[15][2]*SPP[0] - P[15][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[15][5] = P[15][5] + P[15][0]*SF[1] + P[15][2]*SF[0] + P[15][3]*SF[2] - P[15][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[15][6] = P[15][6] + P[15][1]*SF[1] + P[15][3]*SF[0] + P[15][0]*SPP[0] - P[15][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[15][7] = P[15][7] + P[15][4]*dt;
+ nextP[15][8] = P[15][8] + P[15][5]*dt;
+ nextP[15][9] = P[15][9] + P[15][6]*dt;
+ nextP[15][10] = P[15][10];
+ nextP[15][11] = P[15][11];
+ nextP[15][12] = P[15][12];
+ nextP[15][13] = P[15][13];
+ nextP[15][14] = P[15][14];
+ nextP[15][15] = P[15][15];
+ nextP[15][16] = P[15][16];
+ nextP[15][17] = P[15][17];
+ nextP[15][18] = P[15][18];
+ nextP[15][19] = P[15][19];
+ nextP[15][20] = P[15][20];
+ nextP[16][0] = P[16][0] + P[16][1]*SF[6] + P[16][2]*SPP[7] + P[16][3]*SPP[6] + P[16][10]*SPP[5] + P[16][11]*SPP[4] + P[16][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[16][1] = P[16][1] + P[16][0]*SF[5] + P[16][2]*SF[4] + P[16][3]*SPP[7] + P[16][11]*SPP[3] - P[16][12]*SPP[4] - (P[16][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[16][2] = P[16][2] + P[16][0]*SF[3] + P[16][3]*SF[5] + P[16][1]*SPP[6] - P[16][10]*SPP[3] + P[16][12]*SPP[5] - (P[16][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[16][3] = P[16][3] + P[16][0]*SF[4] + P[16][1]*SF[3] + P[16][2]*SF[6] + P[16][10]*SPP[4] - P[16][11]*SPP[5] - (P[16][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[16][4] = P[16][4] + P[16][1]*SF[0] + P[16][0]*SF[2] + P[16][2]*SPP[0] - P[16][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[16][5] = P[16][5] + P[16][0]*SF[1] + P[16][2]*SF[0] + P[16][3]*SF[2] - P[16][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[16][6] = P[16][6] + P[16][1]*SF[1] + P[16][3]*SF[0] + P[16][0]*SPP[0] - P[16][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[16][7] = P[16][7] + P[16][4]*dt;
+ nextP[16][8] = P[16][8] + P[16][5]*dt;
+ nextP[16][9] = P[16][9] + P[16][6]*dt;
+ nextP[16][10] = P[16][10];
+ nextP[16][11] = P[16][11];
+ nextP[16][12] = P[16][12];
+ nextP[16][13] = P[16][13];
+ nextP[16][14] = P[16][14];
+ nextP[16][15] = P[16][15];
+ nextP[16][16] = P[16][16];
+ nextP[16][17] = P[16][17];
+ nextP[16][18] = P[16][18];
+ nextP[16][19] = P[16][19];
+ nextP[16][20] = P[16][20];
+ nextP[17][0] = P[17][0] + P[17][1]*SF[6] + P[17][2]*SPP[7] + P[17][3]*SPP[6] + P[17][10]*SPP[5] + P[17][11]*SPP[4] + P[17][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[17][1] = P[17][1] + P[17][0]*SF[5] + P[17][2]*SF[4] + P[17][3]*SPP[7] + P[17][11]*SPP[3] - P[17][12]*SPP[4] - (P[17][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[17][2] = P[17][2] + P[17][0]*SF[3] + P[17][3]*SF[5] + P[17][1]*SPP[6] - P[17][10]*SPP[3] + P[17][12]*SPP[5] - (P[17][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[17][3] = P[17][3] + P[17][0]*SF[4] + P[17][1]*SF[3] + P[17][2]*SF[6] + P[17][10]*SPP[4] - P[17][11]*SPP[5] - (P[17][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[17][4] = P[17][4] + P[17][1]*SF[0] + P[17][0]*SF[2] + P[17][2]*SPP[0] - P[17][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[17][5] = P[17][5] + P[17][0]*SF[1] + P[17][2]*SF[0] + P[17][3]*SF[2] - P[17][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[17][6] = P[17][6] + P[17][1]*SF[1] + P[17][3]*SF[0] + P[17][0]*SPP[0] - P[17][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[17][7] = P[17][7] + P[17][4]*dt;
+ nextP[17][8] = P[17][8] + P[17][5]*dt;
+ nextP[17][9] = P[17][9] + P[17][6]*dt;
+ nextP[17][10] = P[17][10];
+ nextP[17][11] = P[17][11];
+ nextP[17][12] = P[17][12];
+ nextP[17][13] = P[17][13];
+ nextP[17][14] = P[17][14];
+ nextP[17][15] = P[17][15];
+ nextP[17][16] = P[17][16];
+ nextP[17][17] = P[17][17];
+ nextP[17][18] = P[17][18];
+ nextP[17][19] = P[17][19];
+ nextP[17][20] = P[17][20];
+ nextP[18][0] = P[18][0] + P[18][1]*SF[6] + P[18][2]*SPP[7] + P[18][3]*SPP[6] + P[18][10]*SPP[5] + P[18][11]*SPP[4] + P[18][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[18][1] = P[18][1] + P[18][0]*SF[5] + P[18][2]*SF[4] + P[18][3]*SPP[7] + P[18][11]*SPP[3] - P[18][12]*SPP[4] - (P[18][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[18][2] = P[18][2] + P[18][0]*SF[3] + P[18][3]*SF[5] + P[18][1]*SPP[6] - P[18][10]*SPP[3] + P[18][12]*SPP[5] - (P[18][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[18][3] = P[18][3] + P[18][0]*SF[4] + P[18][1]*SF[3] + P[18][2]*SF[6] + P[18][10]*SPP[4] - P[18][11]*SPP[5] - (P[18][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[18][4] = P[18][4] + P[18][1]*SF[0] + P[18][0]*SF[2] + P[18][2]*SPP[0] - P[18][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[18][5] = P[18][5] + P[18][0]*SF[1] + P[18][2]*SF[0] + P[18][3]*SF[2] - P[18][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[18][6] = P[18][6] + P[18][1]*SF[1] + P[18][3]*SF[0] + P[18][0]*SPP[0] - P[18][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[18][7] = P[18][7] + P[18][4]*dt;
+ nextP[18][8] = P[18][8] + P[18][5]*dt;
+ nextP[18][9] = P[18][9] + P[18][6]*dt;
+ nextP[18][10] = P[18][10];
+ nextP[18][11] = P[18][11];
+ nextP[18][12] = P[18][12];
+ nextP[18][13] = P[18][13];
+ nextP[18][14] = P[18][14];
+ nextP[18][15] = P[18][15];
+ nextP[18][16] = P[18][16];
+ nextP[18][17] = P[18][17];
+ nextP[18][18] = P[18][18];
+ nextP[18][19] = P[18][19];
+ nextP[18][20] = P[18][20];
+ nextP[19][0] = P[19][0] + P[19][1]*SF[6] + P[19][2]*SPP[7] + P[19][3]*SPP[6] + P[19][10]*SPP[5] + P[19][11]*SPP[4] + P[19][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[19][1] = P[19][1] + P[19][0]*SF[5] + P[19][2]*SF[4] + P[19][3]*SPP[7] + P[19][11]*SPP[3] - P[19][12]*SPP[4] - (P[19][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[19][2] = P[19][2] + P[19][0]*SF[3] + P[19][3]*SF[5] + P[19][1]*SPP[6] - P[19][10]*SPP[3] + P[19][12]*SPP[5] - (P[19][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[19][3] = P[19][3] + P[19][0]*SF[4] + P[19][1]*SF[3] + P[19][2]*SF[6] + P[19][10]*SPP[4] - P[19][11]*SPP[5] - (P[19][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[19][4] = P[19][4] + P[19][1]*SF[0] + P[19][0]*SF[2] + P[19][2]*SPP[0] - P[19][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[19][5] = P[19][5] + P[19][0]*SF[1] + P[19][2]*SF[0] + P[19][3]*SF[2] - P[19][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[19][6] = P[19][6] + P[19][1]*SF[1] + P[19][3]*SF[0] + P[19][0]*SPP[0] - P[19][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[19][7] = P[19][7] + P[19][4]*dt;
+ nextP[19][8] = P[19][8] + P[19][5]*dt;
+ nextP[19][9] = P[19][9] + P[19][6]*dt;
+ nextP[19][10] = P[19][10];
+ nextP[19][11] = P[19][11];
+ nextP[19][12] = P[19][12];
+ nextP[19][13] = P[19][13];
+ nextP[19][14] = P[19][14];
+ nextP[19][15] = P[19][15];
+ nextP[19][16] = P[19][16];
+ nextP[19][17] = P[19][17];
+ nextP[19][18] = P[19][18];
+ nextP[19][19] = P[19][19];
+ nextP[19][20] = P[19][20];
+ nextP[20][0] = P[20][0] + P[20][1]*SF[6] + P[20][2]*SPP[7] + P[20][3]*SPP[6] + P[20][10]*SPP[5] + P[20][11]*SPP[4] + P[20][12]*SPP[3];
+ nextP[20][1] = P[20][1] + P[20][0]*SF[5] + P[20][2]*SF[4] + P[20][3]*SPP[7] + P[20][11]*SPP[3] - P[20][12]*SPP[4] - (P[20][10]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[20][2] = P[20][2] + P[20][0]*SF[3] + P[20][3]*SF[5] + P[20][1]*SPP[6] - P[20][10]*SPP[3] + P[20][12]*SPP[5] - (P[20][11]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[20][3] = P[20][3] + P[20][0]*SF[4] + P[20][1]*SF[3] + P[20][2]*SF[6] + P[20][10]*SPP[4] - P[20][11]*SPP[5] - (P[20][12]*q0)/2;
+ nextP[20][4] = P[20][4] + P[20][1]*SF[0] + P[20][0]*SF[2] + P[20][2]*SPP[0] - P[20][3]*SPP[2];
+ nextP[20][5] = P[20][5] + P[20][0]*SF[1] + P[20][2]*SF[0] + P[20][3]*SF[2] - P[20][1]*SPP[0];
+ nextP[20][6] = P[20][6] + P[20][1]*SF[1] + P[20][3]*SF[0] + P[20][0]*SPP[0] - P[20][2]*SPP[1];
+ nextP[20][7] = P[20][7] + P[20][4]*dt;
+ nextP[20][8] = P[20][8] + P[20][5]*dt;
+ nextP[20][9] = P[20][9] + P[20][6]*dt;
+ nextP[20][10] = P[20][10];
+ nextP[20][11] = P[20][11];
+ nextP[20][12] = P[20][12];
+ nextP[20][13] = P[20][13];
+ nextP[20][14] = P[20][14];
+ nextP[20][15] = P[20][15];
+ nextP[20][16] = P[20][16];
+ nextP[20][17] = P[20][17];
+ nextP[20][18] = P[20][18];
+ nextP[20][19] = P[20][19];
+ nextP[20][20] = P[20][20];
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ nextP[i][i] = nextP[i][i] + processNoise[i];
+ }
+
+ // If on ground or no magnetometer fitted, inhibit magnetometer bias updates by
+ // setting the coresponding covariance terms to zero.
+ if (onGround || !useCompass)
+ {
+ zeroRows(nextP,15,20);
+ zeroCols(nextP,15,20);
+ }
+
+ // If on ground or not using airspeed sensing, inhibit wind velocity
+ // covariance growth.
+ if (onGround || !useAirspeed)
+ {
+ zeroRows(nextP,13,14);
+ zeroCols(nextP,13,14);
+ }
+
+ // If the total position variance exceds 1E6 (1000m), then stop covariance
+ // growth by setting the predicted to the previous values
+ // This prevent an ill conditioned matrix from occurring for long periods
+ // without GPS
+ if ((P[7][7] + P[8][8]) > 1E6f)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t i=7; i<=8; i++)
+ {
+ for (unsigned j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
+ {
+ nextP[i][j] = P[i][j];
+ nextP[j][i] = P[j][i];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (onGround || staticMode) {
+ // copy the portion of the variances we want to
+ // propagate
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = nextP[i][i];
+
+ // force symmetry for observable states
+ // force zero for non-observable states
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
+ {
+ if ((i > 12) || (j > 12)) {
+ P[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ } else {
+ P[i][j] = 0.5f * (nextP[i][j] + nextP[j][i]);
+ }
+ P[j][i] = P[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ } else {
+
+ // Copy covariance
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = nextP[i][i];
+ }
+
+ // force symmetry for observable states
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = 0.5f * (nextP[i][j] + nextP[j][i]);
+ P[j][i] = P[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ ConstrainVariances();
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
+{
+
+// declare variables used by fault isolation logic
+ uint32_t gpsRetryTime = 30000; // time in msec before GPS fusion will be retried following innovation consistency failure
+ uint32_t gpsRetryTimeNoTAS = 5000; // retry time if no TAS measurement available
+ uint32_t hgtRetryTime = 5000; // height measurement retry time
+ uint32_t horizRetryTime;
+
+// declare variables used to check measurement errors
+ float velInnov[3] = {0.0f,0.0f,0.0f};
+ float posInnov[2] = {0.0f,0.0f};
+ float hgtInnov = 0.0f;
+
+// declare variables used to control access to arrays
+ bool fuseData[6] = {false,false,false,false,false,false};
+ uint8_t stateIndex;
+ uint8_t obsIndex;
+ uint8_t indexLimit;
+
+// declare variables used by state and covariance update calculations
+ float velErr;
+ float posErr;
+ float R_OBS[6];
+ float observation[6];
+ float SK;
+ float quatMag;
+
+// Perform sequential fusion of GPS measurements. This assumes that the
+// errors in the different velocity and position components are
+// uncorrelated which is not true, however in the absence of covariance
+// data from the GPS receiver it is the only assumption we can make
+// so we might as well take advantage of the computational efficiencies
+// associated with sequential fusion
+ if (fuseVelData || fusePosData || fuseHgtData)
+ {
+ // set the GPS data timeout depending on whether airspeed data is present
+ if (useAirspeed) horizRetryTime = gpsRetryTime;
+ else horizRetryTime = gpsRetryTimeNoTAS;
+
+ // Form the observation vector
+ for (uint8_t i=0; i<=2; i++) observation[i] = velNED[i];
+ for (uint8_t i=3; i<=4; i++) observation[i] = posNE[i-3];
+ observation[5] = -(hgtMea);
+
+ // Estimate the GPS Velocity, GPS horiz position and height measurement variances.
+ velErr = 0.2f*accNavMag; // additional error in GPS velocities caused by manoeuvring
+ posErr = 0.2f*accNavMag; // additional error in GPS position caused by manoeuvring
+ R_OBS[0] = 0.04f + sq(velErr);
+ R_OBS[1] = R_OBS[0];
+ R_OBS[2] = 0.08f + sq(velErr);
+ R_OBS[3] = R_OBS[2];
+ R_OBS[4] = 4.0f + sq(posErr);
+ R_OBS[5] = 4.0f;
+
+ // Set innovation variances to zero default
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=5; i++)
+ {
+ varInnovVelPos[i] = 0.0f;
+ }
+ // calculate innovations and check GPS data validity using an innovation consistency check
+ if (fuseVelData)
+ {
+ // test velocity measurements
+ uint8_t imax = 2;
+ if (fusionModeGPS == 1) imax = 1;
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=imax; i++)
+ {
+ velInnov[i] = statesAtVelTime[i+4] - velNED[i];
+ stateIndex = 4 + i;
+ varInnovVelPos[i] = P[stateIndex][stateIndex] + R_OBS[i];
+ }
+ // apply a 5-sigma threshold
+ current_ekf_state.velHealth = (sq(velInnov[0]) + sq(velInnov[1]) + sq(velInnov[2])) < 25.0f * (varInnovVelPos[0] + varInnovVelPos[1] + varInnovVelPos[2]);
+ current_ekf_state.velTimeout = (millis() - current_ekf_state.velFailTime) > horizRetryTime;
+ if (current_ekf_state.velHealth || current_ekf_state.velTimeout)
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.velHealth = true;
+ current_ekf_state.velFailTime = millis();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.velHealth = false;
+ }
+ }
+ if (fusePosData)
+ {
+ // test horizontal position measurements
+ posInnov[0] = statesAtPosTime[7] - posNE[0];
+ posInnov[1] = statesAtPosTime[8] - posNE[1];
+ varInnovVelPos[3] = P[7][7] + R_OBS[3];
+ varInnovVelPos[4] = P[8][8] + R_OBS[4];
+ // apply a 10-sigma threshold
+ current_ekf_state.posHealth = (sq(posInnov[0]) + sq(posInnov[1])) < 100.0f*(varInnovVelPos[3] + varInnovVelPos[4]);
+ current_ekf_state.posTimeout = (millis() - current_ekf_state.posFailTime) > horizRetryTime;
+ if (current_ekf_state.posHealth || current_ekf_state.posTimeout)
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.posHealth = true;
+ current_ekf_state.posFailTime = millis();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.posHealth = false;
+ }
+ }
+ // test height measurements
+ if (fuseHgtData)
+ {
+ hgtInnov = statesAtHgtTime[9] + hgtMea;
+ varInnovVelPos[5] = P[9][9] + R_OBS[5];
+ // apply a 10-sigma threshold
+ current_ekf_state.hgtHealth = sq(hgtInnov) < 100.0f*varInnovVelPos[5];
+ current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout = (millis() - current_ekf_state.hgtFailTime) > hgtRetryTime;
+ if (current_ekf_state.hgtHealth || current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout)
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.hgtHealth = true;
+ current_ekf_state.hgtFailTime = millis();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ current_ekf_state.hgtHealth = false;
+ }
+ }
+ // Set range for sequential fusion of velocity and position measurements depending
+ // on which data is available and its health
+ if (fuseVelData && fusionModeGPS == 0 && current_ekf_state.velHealth)
+ {
+ fuseData[0] = true;
+ fuseData[1] = true;
+ fuseData[2] = true;
+ }
+ if (fuseVelData && fusionModeGPS == 1 && current_ekf_state.velHealth)
+ {
+ fuseData[0] = true;
+ fuseData[1] = true;
+ }
+ if (fusePosData && fusionModeGPS <= 2 && current_ekf_state.posHealth)
+ {
+ fuseData[3] = true;
+ fuseData[4] = true;
+ }
+ if (fuseHgtData && current_ekf_state.hgtHealth)
+ {
+ fuseData[5] = true;
+ }
+ // Limit range of states modified when on ground
+ if(!onGround)
+ {
+ indexLimit = 20;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ indexLimit = 12;
+ }
+ // Fuse measurements sequentially
+ for (obsIndex=0; obsIndex<=5; obsIndex++)
+ {
+ if (fuseData[obsIndex])
+ {
+ stateIndex = 4 + obsIndex;
+ // Calculate the measurement innovation, using states from a
+ // different time coordinate if fusing height data
+ if (obsIndex >= 0 && obsIndex <= 2)
+ {
+ innovVelPos[obsIndex] = statesAtVelTime[stateIndex] - observation[obsIndex];
+ }
+ else if (obsIndex == 3 || obsIndex == 4)
+ {
+ innovVelPos[obsIndex] = statesAtPosTime[stateIndex] - observation[obsIndex];
+ }
+ else if (obsIndex == 5)
+ {
+ innovVelPos[obsIndex] = statesAtHgtTime[stateIndex] - observation[obsIndex];
+ }
+ // Calculate the Kalman Gain
+ // Calculate innovation variances - also used for data logging
+ varInnovVelPos[obsIndex] = P[stateIndex][stateIndex] + R_OBS[obsIndex];
+ SK = 1.0/varInnovVelPos[obsIndex];
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ Kfusion[i] = P[i][stateIndex]*SK;
+ }
+ // Calculate state corrections and re-normalise the quaternions
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ states[i] = states[i] - Kfusion[i] * innovVelPos[obsIndex];
+ }
+ quatMag = sqrt(states[0]*states[0] + states[1]*states[1] + states[2]*states[2] + states[3]*states[3]);
+ if (quatMag > 1e-12f) // divide by 0 protection
+ {
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=3; i++)
+ {
+ states[i] = states[i] / quatMag;
+ }
+ }
+ // Update the covariance - take advantage of direct observation of a
+ // single state at index = stateIndex to reduce computations
+ // Optimised implementation of standard equation P = (I - K*H)*P;
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=indexLimit; j++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * P[stateIndex][j];
+ }
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=indexLimit; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = P[i][j] - KHP[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ ForceSymmetry();
+ ConstrainVariances();
+
+ //printf("velh: %s, posh: %s, hgth: %s\n", ((velHealth) ? "OK" : "FAIL"), ((posHealth) ? "OK" : "FAIL"), ((hgtHealth) ? "OK" : "FAIL"));
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
+{
+ uint8_t obsIndex;
+ uint8_t indexLimit;
+ float DCM[3][3] =
+ {
+ {1.0f,0.0f,0.0f} ,
+ {0.0f,1.0f,0.0f} ,
+ {0.0f,0.0f,1.0f}
+ };
+ float MagPred[3] = {0.0f,0.0f,0.0f};
+ float SK_MX[6];
+ float SK_MY[5];
+ float SK_MZ[6];
+ float SH_MAG[9] = {0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f};
+
+// Perform sequential fusion of Magnetometer measurements.
+// This assumes that the errors in the different components are
+// uncorrelated which is not true, however in the absence of covariance
+// data fit is the only assumption we can make
+// so we might as well take advantage of the computational efficiencies
+// associated with sequential fusion
+ if (useCompass && (fuseMagData || obsIndex == 1 || obsIndex == 2))
+ {
+ // Limit range of states modified when on ground
+ if(!onGround)
+ {
+ indexLimit = 20;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ indexLimit = 12;
+ }
+
+ static float q0 = 0.0f;
+ static float q1 = 0.0f;
+ static float q2 = 0.0f;
+ static float q3 = 1.0f;
+ static float magN = 0.4f;
+ static float magE = 0.0f;
+ static float magD = 0.3f;
+
+ static float R_MAG = 0.0025f;
+
+ float H_MAG[21] = {0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.0f};
+
+ // Sequential fusion of XYZ components to spread processing load across
+ // three prediction time steps.
+
+ // Calculate observation jacobians and Kalman gains
+ if (fuseMagData)
+ {
+ static float magXbias = 0.0f;
+ static float magYbias = 0.0f;
+ static float magZbias = 0.0f;
+
+ // Copy required states to local variable names
+ q0 = statesAtMagMeasTime[0];
+ q1 = statesAtMagMeasTime[1];
+ q2 = statesAtMagMeasTime[2];
+ q3 = statesAtMagMeasTime[3];
+ magN = statesAtMagMeasTime[15];
+ magE = statesAtMagMeasTime[16];
+ magD = statesAtMagMeasTime[17];
+ magXbias = statesAtMagMeasTime[18];
+ magYbias = statesAtMagMeasTime[19];
+ magZbias = statesAtMagMeasTime[20];
+
+ // rotate predicted earth components into body axes and calculate
+ // predicted measurments
+ DCM[0][0] = q0*q0 + q1*q1 - q2*q2 - q3*q3;
+ DCM[0][1] = 2*(q1*q2 + q0*q3);
+ DCM[0][2] = 2*(q1*q3-q0*q2);
+ DCM[1][0] = 2*(q1*q2 - q0*q3);
+ DCM[1][1] = q0*q0 - q1*q1 + q2*q2 - q3*q3;
+ DCM[1][2] = 2*(q2*q3 + q0*q1);
+ DCM[2][0] = 2*(q1*q3 + q0*q2);
+ DCM[2][1] = 2*(q2*q3 - q0*q1);
+ DCM[2][2] = q0*q0 - q1*q1 - q2*q2 + q3*q3;
+ MagPred[0] = DCM[0][0]*magN + DCM[0][1]*magE + DCM[0][2]*magD + magXbias;
+ MagPred[1] = DCM[1][0]*magN + DCM[1][1]*magE + DCM[1][2]*magD + magYbias;
+ MagPred[2] = DCM[2][0]*magN + DCM[2][1]*magE + DCM[2][2]*magD + magZbias;
+
+ // scale magnetometer observation error with total angular rate
+ R_MAG = 0.0025f + sq(0.05f*dAngIMU.length()/dtIMU);
+
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ SH_MAG[0] = 2*magD*q3 + 2*magE*q2 + 2*magN*q1;
+ SH_MAG[1] = 2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2;
+ SH_MAG[2] = 2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3;
+ SH_MAG[3] = sq(q3);
+ SH_MAG[4] = sq(q2);
+ SH_MAG[5] = sq(q1);
+ SH_MAG[6] = sq(q0);
+ SH_MAG[7] = 2*magN*q0;
+ SH_MAG[8] = 2*magE*q3;
+
+ for (uint8_t i=0; i<=20; i++) H_MAG[i] = 0;
+ H_MAG[0] = SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2;
+ H_MAG[1] = SH_MAG[0];
+ H_MAG[2] = 2*magE*q1 - 2*magD*q0 - 2*magN*q2;
+ H_MAG[3] = SH_MAG[2];
+ H_MAG[15] = SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[6];
+ H_MAG[16] = 2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2;
+ H_MAG[17] = 2*q1*q3 - 2*q0*q2;
+ H_MAG[18] = 1.0f;
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gain
+ SK_MX[0] = 1/(P[18][18] + R_MAG + P[1][18]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][18]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][18]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - (2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2)*(P[18][2] + P[1][2]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][2]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][2]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][2]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][2]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][2]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][2]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + (SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)*(P[18][0] + P[1][0]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][0]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][0]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][0]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][0]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][0]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][0]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[0]*(P[18][1] + P[1][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][1]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][1]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][1]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][1]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][1]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][1]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[2]*(P[18][3] + P[1][3]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][3]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][3]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][3]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][3]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][3]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][3]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - (SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6])*(P[18][15] + P[1][15]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][15]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][15]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][15]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][15]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][15]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][15]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + P[16][18]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][18]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][18]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + (2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2)*(P[18][16] + P[1][16]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][16]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][16]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][16]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][16]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][16]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][16]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - (2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3)*(P[18][17] + P[1][17]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][17]*SH_MAG[2] - P[15][17]*(SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) + P[16][17]*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - P[17][17]*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - P[2][17]*(2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2) + P[0][17]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + P[0][18]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2));
+ SK_MX[1] = SH_MAG[3] + SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6];
+ SK_MX[2] = 2*magD*q0 - 2*magE*q1 + 2*magN*q2;
+ SK_MX[3] = SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2;
+ SK_MX[4] = 2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3;
+ SK_MX[5] = 2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2;
+ Kfusion[0] = SK_MX[0]*(P[0][18] + P[0][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[0][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[0][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[0][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[0][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[0][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[0][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[1] = SK_MX[0]*(P[1][18] + P[1][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[1][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[1][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[1][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[1][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[1][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[2] = SK_MX[0]*(P[2][18] + P[2][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[2][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[2][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[2][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[2][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[2][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[2][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[3] = SK_MX[0]*(P[3][18] + P[3][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[3][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[3][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[3][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[3][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[3][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[3][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[4] = SK_MX[0]*(P[4][18] + P[4][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[4][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[4][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[4][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[4][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[4][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[4][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[5] = SK_MX[0]*(P[5][18] + P[5][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[5][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[5][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[5][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[5][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[5][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[5][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[6] = SK_MX[0]*(P[6][18] + P[6][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[6][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[6][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[6][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[6][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[6][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[6][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[7] = SK_MX[0]*(P[7][18] + P[7][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[7][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[7][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[7][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[7][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[7][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[7][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[8] = SK_MX[0]*(P[8][18] + P[8][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[8][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[8][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[8][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[8][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[8][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[8][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[9] = SK_MX[0]*(P[9][18] + P[9][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[9][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[9][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[9][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[9][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[9][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[9][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[10] = SK_MX[0]*(P[10][18] + P[10][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[10][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[10][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[10][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[10][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[10][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[10][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[11] = SK_MX[0]*(P[11][18] + P[11][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[11][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[11][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[11][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[11][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[11][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[11][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[12] = SK_MX[0]*(P[12][18] + P[12][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[12][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[12][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[12][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[12][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[12][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[12][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[13] = SK_MX[0]*(P[13][18] + P[13][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[13][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[13][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[13][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[13][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[13][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[13][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MX[0]*(P[14][18] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[14][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[14][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[14][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[14][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MX[0]*(P[15][18] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[15][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[15][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[15][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[15][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MX[0]*(P[16][18] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[16][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[16][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[16][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[16][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MX[0]*(P[17][18] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[17][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[17][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[17][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[17][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MX[0]*(P[18][18] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[18][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[18][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[18][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[18][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MX[0]*(P[19][18] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[19][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[19][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[19][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[19][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MX[0]*(P[20][18] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[20][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[20][15]*SK_MX[1] + P[20][16]*SK_MX[5] - P[20][17]*SK_MX[4]);
+ varInnovMag[0] = 1.0f/SK_MX[0];
+ innovMag[0] = MagPred[0] - magData.x;
+
+ // reset the observation index to 0 (we start by fusing the X
+ // measurement)
+ obsIndex = 0;
+ }
+ else if (obsIndex == 1) // we are now fusing the Y measurement
+ {
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ for (unsigned int i=0; i<n_states; i++) H_MAG[i] = 0;
+ H_MAG[0] = SH_MAG[2];
+ H_MAG[1] = SH_MAG[1];
+ H_MAG[2] = SH_MAG[0];
+ H_MAG[3] = 2*magD*q2 - SH_MAG[8] - SH_MAG[7];
+ H_MAG[15] = 2*q1*q2 - 2*q0*q3;
+ H_MAG[16] = SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6];
+ H_MAG[17] = 2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3;
+ H_MAG[19] = 1;
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gain
+ SK_MY[0] = 1/(P[19][19] + R_MAG + P[0][19]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][19]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][19]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][19]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - (2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2)*(P[19][15] + P[0][15]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][15]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][15]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][15]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][15]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][15]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][15]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + (2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3)*(P[19][17] + P[0][17]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][17]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][17]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][17]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][17]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][17]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][17]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - (SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)*(P[19][3] + P[0][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][3]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][3]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][3]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][3]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][3]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - P[15][19]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][19]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) + SH_MAG[2]*(P[19][0] + P[0][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][0]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][0]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][0]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][0]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][0]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[1]*(P[19][1] + P[0][1]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][1]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][1]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][1]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][1]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][1]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[0]*(P[19][2] + P[0][2]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][2]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][2]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][2]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][2]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][2]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - (SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6])*(P[19][16] + P[0][16]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][16]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][16]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][16]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6]) - P[15][16]*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) + P[17][16]*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) - P[3][16]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - P[3][19]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2));
+ SK_MY[1] = SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] + SH_MAG[5] - SH_MAG[6];
+ SK_MY[2] = SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2;
+ SK_MY[3] = 2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2;
+ SK_MY[4] = 2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3;
+ Kfusion[0] = SK_MY[0]*(P[0][19] + P[0][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[0][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[0][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[0][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[0][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[0][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[0][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[1] = SK_MY[0]*(P[1][19] + P[1][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[1][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[1][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[1][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[1][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[1][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[1][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[2] = SK_MY[0]*(P[2][19] + P[2][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[2][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[2][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[2][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[2][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[2][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[3] = SK_MY[0]*(P[3][19] + P[3][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[3][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[3][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[3][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[3][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[3][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[4] = SK_MY[0]*(P[4][19] + P[4][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[4][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[4][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[4][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[4][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[4][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[4][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[5] = SK_MY[0]*(P[5][19] + P[5][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[5][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[5][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[5][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[5][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[5][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[5][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[6] = SK_MY[0]*(P[6][19] + P[6][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[6][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[6][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[6][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[6][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[6][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[6][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[7] = SK_MY[0]*(P[7][19] + P[7][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[7][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[7][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[7][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[7][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[7][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[7][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[8] = SK_MY[0]*(P[8][19] + P[8][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[8][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[8][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[8][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[8][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[8][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[8][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[9] = SK_MY[0]*(P[9][19] + P[9][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[9][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[9][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[9][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[9][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[9][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[9][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[10] = SK_MY[0]*(P[10][19] + P[10][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[10][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[10][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[10][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[10][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[10][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[10][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[11] = SK_MY[0]*(P[11][19] + P[11][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[11][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[11][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[11][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[11][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[11][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[11][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[12] = SK_MY[0]*(P[12][19] + P[12][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[12][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[12][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[12][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[12][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[12][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[12][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[13] = SK_MY[0]*(P[13][19] + P[13][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[13][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[13][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[13][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[13][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[13][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[13][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MY[0]*(P[14][19] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[14][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[14][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[14][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MY[0]*(P[15][19] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[15][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[15][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[15][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MY[0]*(P[16][19] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[16][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[16][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[16][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MY[0]*(P[17][19] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[17][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[17][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[17][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MY[0]*(P[18][19] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[18][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[18][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[18][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MY[0]*(P[19][19] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[19][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[19][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[19][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MY[0]*(P[20][19] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[20][16]*SK_MY[1] - P[20][15]*SK_MY[3] + P[20][17]*SK_MY[4]);
+ varInnovMag[1] = 1.0f/SK_MY[0];
+ innovMag[1] = MagPred[1] - magData.y;
+ }
+ else if (obsIndex == 2) // we are now fusing the Z measurement
+ {
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ for (uint8_t i=0; i<=20; i++) H_MAG[i] = 0;
+ H_MAG[0] = SH_MAG[1];
+ H_MAG[1] = 2*magN*q3 - 2*magE*q0 - 2*magD*q1;
+ H_MAG[2] = SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2;
+ H_MAG[3] = SH_MAG[0];
+ H_MAG[15] = 2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3;
+ H_MAG[16] = 2*q2*q3 - 2*q0*q1;
+ H_MAG[17] = SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6];
+ H_MAG[20] = 1;
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gain
+ SK_MZ[0] = 1/(P[20][20] + R_MAG + P[0][20]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][20]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][20]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) - (2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3)*(P[20][1] + P[0][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][1]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][1]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][1]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][1]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][1]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + (SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)*(P[20][2] + P[0][2]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][2]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][2]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][2]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][2]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][2]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][2]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[1]*(P[20][0] + P[0][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][0]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][0]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][0]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][0]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][0]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][0]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + SH_MAG[0]*(P[20][3] + P[0][3]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][3]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][3]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][3]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][3]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][3]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][3]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + (SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6])*(P[20][17] + P[0][17]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][17]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][17]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][17]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][17]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][17]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][17]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + P[15][20]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][20]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][20]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + (2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3)*(P[20][15] + P[0][15]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][15]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][15]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][15]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][15]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][15]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][15]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) - (2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3)*(P[20][16] + P[0][16]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][16]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][16]*(SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6]) + P[15][16]*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) - P[16][16]*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) - P[1][16]*(2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3) + P[2][16]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2)) + P[2][20]*(SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2));
+ SK_MZ[1] = SH_MAG[3] - SH_MAG[4] - SH_MAG[5] + SH_MAG[6];
+ SK_MZ[2] = 2*magD*q1 + 2*magE*q0 - 2*magN*q3;
+ SK_MZ[3] = SH_MAG[7] + SH_MAG[8] - 2*magD*q2;
+ SK_MZ[4] = 2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3;
+ SK_MZ[5] = 2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3;
+ Kfusion[0] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[0][20] + P[0][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[0][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[0][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[0][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[0][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[0][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[0][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[1] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[1][20] + P[1][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[1][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[1][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[1][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[1][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[1][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[1][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[2] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[2][20] + P[2][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[2][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[2][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[2][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[2][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[2][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[2][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[3] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[3][20] + P[3][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[3][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[3][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[3][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[3][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[3][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[3][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[4] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[4][20] + P[4][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[4][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[4][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[4][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[4][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[4][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[4][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[5] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[5][20] + P[5][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[5][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[5][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[5][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[5][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[5][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[5][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[6] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[6][20] + P[6][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[6][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[6][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[6][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[6][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[6][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[6][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[7] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[7][20] + P[7][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[7][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[7][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[7][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[7][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[7][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[7][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[8] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[8][20] + P[8][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[8][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[8][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[8][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[8][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[8][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[8][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[9] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[9][20] + P[9][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[9][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[9][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[9][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[9][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[9][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[9][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[10] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[10][20] + P[10][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[10][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[10][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[10][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[10][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[10][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[10][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[11] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[11][20] + P[11][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[11][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[11][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[11][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[11][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[11][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[11][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[12] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[12][20] + P[12][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[12][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[12][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[12][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[12][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[12][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[12][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[13] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[13][20] + P[13][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[13][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[13][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[13][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[13][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[13][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[13][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[14][20] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[14][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[14][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[14][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[14][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[15][20] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[15][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[15][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[15][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[15][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[16][20] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[16][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[16][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[16][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[16][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[17][20] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[17][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[17][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[17][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[17][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[18][20] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[18][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[18][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[18][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[18][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[19][20] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[19][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[19][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[19][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[19][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[20][20] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[20][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[20][17]*SK_MZ[1] + P[20][15]*SK_MZ[5] - P[20][16]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ varInnovMag[2] = 1.0f/SK_MZ[0];
+ innovMag[2] = MagPred[2] - magData.z;
+
+ }
+
+ // Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 5Sigma
+ if ((innovMag[obsIndex]*innovMag[obsIndex]/varInnovMag[obsIndex]) < 25.0)
+ {
+ // correct the state vector
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=indexLimit; j++)
+ {
+ states[j] = states[j] - Kfusion[j] * innovMag[obsIndex];
+ }
+ // normalise the quaternion states
+ float quatMag = sqrt(states[0]*states[0] + states[1]*states[1] + states[2]*states[2] + states[3]*states[3]);
+ if (quatMag > 1e-12)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=3; j++)
+ {
+ float quatMagInv = 1.0f/quatMag;
+ states[j] = states[j] * quatMagInv;
+ }
+ }
+ // correct the covariance P = (I - K*H)*P
+ // take advantage of the empty columns in KH to reduce the
+ // number of operations
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=3; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * H_MAG[j];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t j = 4; j<=17; j++) KH[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ if (!onGround)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 15; j<=20; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * H_MAG[j];
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 15; j<=20; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=indexLimit; j++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ for (uint8_t k = 0; k<=3; k++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][k] * P[k][j];
+ }
+ if (!onGround)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t k = 15; k<=20; k++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][k] * P[k][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=indexLimit; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = P[i][j] - KHP[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ obsIndex = obsIndex + 1;
+
+ ForceSymmetry();
+ ConstrainVariances();
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::FuseAirspeed()
+{
+ float vn;
+ float ve;
+ float vd;
+ float vwn;
+ float vwe;
+ const float R_TAS = 2.0f;
+ float SH_TAS[3];
+ float Kfusion[21];
+ float VtasPred;
+
+ // Copy required states to local variable names
+ vn = statesAtVtasMeasTime[4];
+ ve = statesAtVtasMeasTime[5];
+ vd = statesAtVtasMeasTime[6];
+ vwn = statesAtVtasMeasTime[13];
+ vwe = statesAtVtasMeasTime[14];
+
+ // Need to check that it is flying before fusing airspeed data
+ // Calculate the predicted airspeed
+ VtasPred = sqrtf((ve - vwe)*(ve - vwe) + (vn - vwn)*(vn - vwn) + vd*vd);
+ // Perform fusion of True Airspeed measurement
+ if (useAirspeed && fuseVtasData && (VtasPred > 1.0f) && (VtasMeas > 8.0f))
+ {
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ SH_TAS[0] = 1/(sqrt(sq(ve - vwe) + sq(vn - vwn) + sq(vd)));
+ SH_TAS[1] = (SH_TAS[0]*(2.0f*ve - 2*vwe))/2.0f;
+ SH_TAS[2] = (SH_TAS[0]*(2.0f*vn - 2*vwn))/2.0f;
+
+ float H_TAS[21];
+ for (uint8_t i=0; i<=20; i++) H_TAS[i] = 0.0f;
+ H_TAS[4] = SH_TAS[2];
+ H_TAS[5] = SH_TAS[1];
+ H_TAS[6] = vd*SH_TAS[0];
+ H_TAS[13] = -SH_TAS[2];
+ H_TAS[14] = -SH_TAS[1];
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gains
+ float SK_TAS = 1.0f/(R_TAS + SH_TAS[2]*(P[4][4]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][4]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][4]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][4]*vd*SH_TAS[0]) + SH_TAS[1]*(P[4][5]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][5]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][5]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][5]*vd*SH_TAS[0]) - SH_TAS[2]*(P[4][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][13]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][13]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][13]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][13]*vd*SH_TAS[0]) - SH_TAS[1]*(P[4][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][14]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][14]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][14]*vd*SH_TAS[0]) + vd*SH_TAS[0]*(P[4][6]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][6]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][6]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][6]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]));
+ Kfusion[0] = SK_TAS*(P[0][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[0][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[0][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[0][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[0][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[1] = SK_TAS*(P[1][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[1][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[1][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[1][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[1][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[2] = SK_TAS*(P[2][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[2][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[2][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[2][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[2][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[3] = SK_TAS*(P[3][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[3][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[3][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[3][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[3][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[4] = SK_TAS*(P[4][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[4][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[4][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[4][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[4][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[5] = SK_TAS*(P[5][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[5][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[5][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[5][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[5][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[6] = SK_TAS*(P[6][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[6][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[6][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[6][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[6][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[7] = SK_TAS*(P[7][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[7][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[7][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[7][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[7][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[8] = SK_TAS*(P[8][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[8][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[8][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[8][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[8][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[9] = SK_TAS*(P[9][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[9][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[9][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[9][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[9][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[10] = SK_TAS*(P[10][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[10][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[10][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[10][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[10][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[11] = SK_TAS*(P[11][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[11][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[11][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[11][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[11][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[12] = SK_TAS*(P[12][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[12][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[12][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[12][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[12][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[13] = SK_TAS*(P[13][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[13][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[13][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[13][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_TAS*(P[14][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[14][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[14][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[14][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_TAS*(P[15][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[15][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[15][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[15][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[15][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_TAS*(P[16][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[16][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[16][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[16][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[16][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_TAS*(P[17][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[17][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[17][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[17][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[17][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_TAS*(P[18][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[18][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[18][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[18][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[18][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_TAS*(P[19][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[19][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[19][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[19][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[19][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_TAS*(P[20][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[20][13]*SH_TAS[2] + P[20][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[20][14]*SH_TAS[1] + P[20][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ varInnovVtas = 1.0f/SK_TAS;
+
+ // Calculate the measurement innovation
+ innovVtas = VtasPred - VtasMeas;
+ // Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 5Sigma
+ if ((innovVtas*innovVtas*SK_TAS) < 25.0)
+ {
+ // correct the state vector
+ for (uint8_t j=0; j<=20; j++)
+ {
+ states[j] = states[j] - Kfusion[j] * innovVtas;
+ }
+ // normalise the quaternion states
+ float quatMag = sqrt(states[0]*states[0] + states[1]*states[1] + states[2]*states[2] + states[3]*states[3]);
+ if (quatMag > 1e-12f)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=3; j++)
+ {
+ float quatMagInv = 1.0f/quatMag;
+ states[j] = states[j] * quatMagInv;
+ }
+ }
+ // correct the covariance P = (I - K*H)*P
+ // take advantage of the empty columns in H to reduce the
+ // number of operations
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=20; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=3; j++) KH[i][j] = 0.0;
+ for (uint8_t j = 4; j<=6; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * H_TAS[j];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t j = 7; j<=12; j++) KH[i][j] = 0.0;
+ for (uint8_t j = 13; j<=14; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * H_TAS[j];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t j = 15; j<=20; j++) KH[i][j] = 0.0;
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=20; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=20; j++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = 0.0;
+ for (uint8_t k = 4; k<=6; k++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][k] * P[k][j];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t k = 13; k<=14; k++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][k] * P[k][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=20; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j<=20; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = P[i][j] - KHP[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ ForceSymmetry();
+ ConstrainVariances();
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::zeroRows(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last)
+{
+ uint8_t row;
+ uint8_t col;
+ for (row=first; row<=last; row++)
+ {
+ for (col=0; col<n_states; col++)
+ {
+ covMat[row][col] = 0.0;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::zeroCols(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last)
+{
+ uint8_t row;
+ uint8_t col;
+ for (col=first; col<=last; col++)
+ {
+ for (row=0; row < n_states; row++)
+ {
+ covMat[row][col] = 0.0;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+float AttPosEKF::sq(float valIn)
+{
+ return valIn*valIn;
+}
+
+// Store states in a history array along with time stamp
+void AttPosEKF::StoreStates(uint64_t timestamp_ms)
+{
+ for (unsigned i=0; i<n_states; i++)
+ storedStates[i][storeIndex] = states[i];
+ statetimeStamp[storeIndex] = timestamp_ms;
+ storeIndex++;
+ if (storeIndex == data_buffer_size)
+ storeIndex = 0;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::ResetStoredStates()
+{
+ // reset all stored states
+ memset(&storedStates[0][0], 0, sizeof(storedStates));
+ memset(&statetimeStamp[0], 0, sizeof(statetimeStamp));
+
+ // reset store index to first
+ storeIndex = 0;
+
+ // overwrite all existing states
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ storedStates[i][storeIndex] = states[i];
+ }
+
+ statetimeStamp[storeIndex] = millis();
+
+ // increment to next storage index
+ storeIndex++;
+}
+
+// Output the state vector stored at the time that best matches that specified by msec
+int AttPosEKF::RecallStates(float statesForFusion[n_states], uint64_t msec)
+{
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ // int64_t bestTimeDelta = 200;
+ // unsigned bestStoreIndex = 0;
+ // for (unsigned storeIndex = 0; storeIndex < data_buffer_size; storeIndex++)
+ // {
+ // // The time delta can also end up as negative number,
+ // // since we might compare future to past or past to future
+ // // therefore cast to int64.
+ // int64_t timeDelta = (int64_t)msec - (int64_t)statetimeStamp[storeIndex];
+ // if (timeDelta < 0) {
+ // timeDelta = -timeDelta;
+ // }
+
+ // if (timeDelta < bestTimeDelta)
+ // {
+ // bestStoreIndex = storeIndex;
+ // bestTimeDelta = timeDelta;
+ // }
+ // }
+ // if (bestTimeDelta < 200) // only output stored state if < 200 msec retrieval error
+ // {
+ // for (uint8_t i=0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ // if (isfinite(storedStates[i][bestStoreIndex])) {
+ // statesForFusion[i] = storedStates[i][bestStoreIndex];
+ // } else if (isfinite(states[i])) {
+ // statesForFusion[i] = states[i];
+ // } else {
+ // // There is not much we can do here, except reporting the error we just
+ // // found.
+ // ret++;
+ // }
+ // }
+ // else // otherwise output current state
+ // {
+ for (uint8_t i=0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ if (isfinite(states[i])) {
+ statesForFusion[i] = states[i];
+ } else {
+ ret++;
+ }
+ }
+ // }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::quat2Tnb(Mat3f &Tnb, const float (&quat)[4])
+{
+ // Calculate the nav to body cosine matrix
+ float q00 = sq(quat[0]);
+ float q11 = sq(quat[1]);
+ float q22 = sq(quat[2]);
+ float q33 = sq(quat[3]);
+ float q01 = quat[0]*quat[1];
+ float q02 = quat[0]*quat[2];
+ float q03 = quat[0]*quat[3];
+ float q12 = quat[1]*quat[2];
+ float q13 = quat[1]*quat[3];
+ float q23 = quat[2]*quat[3];
+
+ Tnb.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
+ Tnb.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
+ Tnb.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
+ Tnb.y.x = 2*(q12 - q03);
+ Tnb.z.x = 2*(q13 + q02);
+ Tnb.x.y = 2*(q12 + q03);
+ Tnb.z.y = 2*(q23 - q01);
+ Tnb.x.z = 2*(q13 - q02);
+ Tnb.y.z = 2*(q23 + q01);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn, const float (&quat)[4])
+{
+ // Calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
+ float q00 = sq(quat[0]);
+ float q11 = sq(quat[1]);
+ float q22 = sq(quat[2]);
+ float q33 = sq(quat[3]);
+ float q01 = quat[0]*quat[1];
+ float q02 = quat[0]*quat[2];
+ float q03 = quat[0]*quat[3];
+ float q12 = quat[1]*quat[2];
+ float q13 = quat[1]*quat[3];
+ float q23 = quat[2]*quat[3];
+
+ Tbn.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
+ Tbn.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
+ Tbn.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
+ Tbn.x.y = 2*(q12 - q03);
+ Tbn.x.z = 2*(q13 + q02);
+ Tbn.y.x = 2*(q12 + q03);
+ Tbn.y.z = 2*(q23 - q01);
+ Tbn.z.x = 2*(q13 - q02);
+ Tbn.z.y = 2*(q23 + q01);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::eul2quat(float (&quat)[4], const float (&eul)[3])
+{
+ float u1 = cos(0.5f*eul[0]);
+ float u2 = cos(0.5f*eul[1]);
+ float u3 = cos(0.5f*eul[2]);
+ float u4 = sin(0.5f*eul[0]);
+ float u5 = sin(0.5f*eul[1]);
+ float u6 = sin(0.5f*eul[2]);
+ quat[0] = u1*u2*u3+u4*u5*u6;
+ quat[1] = u4*u2*u3-u1*u5*u6;
+ quat[2] = u1*u5*u3+u4*u2*u6;
+ quat[3] = u1*u2*u6-u4*u5*u3;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::quat2eul(float (&y)[3], const float (&u)[4])
+{
+ y[0] = atan2f((2.0f*(u[2]*u[3]+u[0]*u[1])) , (u[0]*u[0]-u[1]*u[1]-u[2]*u[2]+u[3]*u[3]));
+ y[1] = -asinf(2.0f*(u[1]*u[3]-u[0]*u[2]));
+ y[2] = atan2f((2.0f*(u[1]*u[2]+u[0]*u[3])) , (u[0]*u[0]+u[1]*u[1]-u[2]*u[2]-u[3]*u[3]));
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::calcvelNED(float (&velNED)[3], float gpsCourse, float gpsGndSpd, float gpsVelD)
+{
+ velNED[0] = gpsGndSpd*cosf(gpsCourse);
+ velNED[1] = gpsGndSpd*sinf(gpsCourse);
+ velNED[2] = gpsVelD;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef)
+{
+ posNED[0] = earthRadius * (lat - latRef);
+ posNED[1] = earthRadius * cos(latRef) * (lon - lonRef);
+ posNED[2] = -(hgt - hgtRef);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::calcLLH(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef)
+{
+ lat = latRef + posNED[0] * earthRadiusInv;
+ lon = lonRef + posNED[1] * earthRadiusInv / cos(latRef);
+ hgt = hgtRef - posNED[2];
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::OnGroundCheck()
+{
+ onGround = (((sq(velNED[0]) + sq(velNED[1]) + sq(velNED[2])) < 4.0f) && (VtasMeas < 8.0f));
+ if (staticMode) {
+ staticMode = !(GPSstatus > GPS_FIX_2D);
+ }
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::calcEarthRateNED(Vector3f &omega, float latitude)
+{
+ //Define Earth rotation vector in the NED navigation frame
+ omega.x = earthRate*cosf(latitude);
+ omega.y = 0.0f;
+ omega.z = -earthRate*sinf(latitude);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::CovarianceInit()
+{
+ // Calculate the initial covariance matrix P
+ P[0][0] = 0.25f * sq(1.0f*deg2rad);
+ P[1][1] = 0.25f * sq(1.0f*deg2rad);
+ P[2][2] = 0.25f * sq(1.0f*deg2rad);
+ P[3][3] = 0.25f * sq(10.0f*deg2rad);
+ P[4][4] = sq(0.7);
+ P[5][5] = P[4][4];
+ P[6][6] = sq(0.7);
+ P[7][7] = sq(15.0);
+ P[8][8] = P[7][7];
+ P[9][9] = sq(5.0);
+ P[10][10] = sq(0.1*deg2rad*dtIMU);
+ P[11][11] = P[10][10];
+ P[12][12] = P[10][10];
+ P[13][13] = sq(8.0f);
+ P[14][4] = P[13][13];
+ P[15][15] = sq(0.02f);
+ P[16][16] = P[15][15];
+ P[17][17] = P[15][15];
+ P[18][18] = sq(0.02f);
+ P[19][19] = P[18][18];
+ P[20][20] = P[18][18];
+}
+
+float AttPosEKF::ConstrainFloat(float val, float min, float max)
+{
+ return (val > max) ? max : ((val < min) ? min : val);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::ConstrainVariances()
+{
+ if (!numericalProtection) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // State vector:
+ // 0-3: quaternions (q0, q1, q2, q3)
+ // 4-6: Velocity - m/sec (North, East, Down)
+ // 7-9: Position - m (North, East, Down)
+ // 10-12: Delta Angle bias - rad (X,Y,Z)
+ // 13-14: Wind Vector - m/sec (North,East)
+ // 15-17: Earth Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (North, East, Down)
+ // 18-20: Body Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (X,Y,Z)
+
+ // Constrain quaternion variances
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0f);
+ }
+
+ // Constrain velocitie variances
+ for (unsigned i = 4; i < 7; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0e3f);
+ }
+
+ // Constrain position variances
+ for (unsigned i = 7; i < 10; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0e6f);
+ }
+
+ // Angle bias variances
+ for (unsigned i = 10; i < 13; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, sq(0.175f * dtIMU));
+ }
+
+ // Wind velocity variances
+ for (unsigned i = 13; i < 15; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0e3f);
+ }
+
+ // Earth magnetic field variances
+ for (unsigned i = 15; i < 18; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0f);
+ }
+
+ // Body magnetic field variances
+ for (unsigned i = 18; i < 21; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = ConstrainFloat(P[i][i], 0.0f, 1.0f);
+ }
+
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::ConstrainStates()
+{
+ if (!numericalProtection) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // State vector:
+ // 0-3: quaternions (q0, q1, q2, q3)
+ // 4-6: Velocity - m/sec (North, East, Down)
+ // 7-9: Position - m (North, East, Down)
+ // 10-12: Delta Angle bias - rad (X,Y,Z)
+ // 13-14: Wind Vector - m/sec (North,East)
+ // 15-17: Earth Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (North, East, Down)
+ // 18-20: Body Magnetic Field Vector - gauss (X,Y,Z)
+
+
+ // Constrain quaternion
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -1.0f, 1.0f);
+ }
+
+ // Constrain velocities to what GPS can do for us
+ for (unsigned i = 4; i < 7; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -5.0e2f, 5.0e2f);
+ }
+
+ // Constrain position to a reasonable vehicle range (in meters)
+ for (unsigned i = 7; i < 9; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -1.0e6f, 1.0e6f);
+ }
+
+ // Constrain altitude
+ states[9] = ConstrainFloat(states[9], -4.0e4f, 1.0e4f);
+
+ // Angle bias limit - set to 8 degrees / sec
+ for (unsigned i = 10; i < 13; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -0.12f * dtIMU, 0.12f * dtIMU);
+ }
+
+ // Wind velocity limits - assume 120 m/s max velocity
+ for (unsigned i = 13; i < 15; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -120.0f, 120.0f);
+ }
+
+ // Earth magnetic field limits (in Gauss)
+ for (unsigned i = 15; i < 18; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -1.0f, 1.0f);
+ }
+
+ // Body magnetic field variances (in Gauss).
+ // the max offset should be in this range.
+ for (unsigned i = 18; i < 21; i++) {
+ states[i] = ConstrainFloat(states[i], -0.5f, 0.5f);
+ }
+
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::ForceSymmetry()
+{
+ if (!numericalProtection) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // Force symmetry on the covariance matrix to prevent ill-conditioning
+ // of the matrix which would cause the filter to blow-up
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = 0.5f * (P[i][j] + P[j][i]);
+ P[j][i] = P[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+bool AttPosEKF::FilterHealthy()
+{
+ if (!statesInitialised) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // XXX Check state vector for NaNs and ill-conditioning
+
+ // Check if any of the major inputs timed out
+ if (current_ekf_state.posTimeout || current_ekf_state.velTimeout || current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // Nothing fired, return ok.
+ return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset the filter position states
+ *
+ * This resets the position to the last GPS measurement
+ * or to zero in case of static position.
+ */
+void AttPosEKF::ResetPosition(void)
+{
+ if (staticMode) {
+ states[7] = 0;
+ states[8] = 0;
+ } else if (GPSstatus >= GPS_FIX_3D) {
+
+ // reset the states from the GPS measurements
+ states[7] = posNE[0];
+ states[8] = posNE[1];
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset the height state.
+ *
+ * This resets the height state with the last altitude measurements
+ */
+void AttPosEKF::ResetHeight(void)
+{
+ // write to the state vector
+ states[9] = -hgtMea;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset the velocity state.
+ */
+void AttPosEKF::ResetVelocity(void)
+{
+ if (staticMode) {
+ states[4] = 0.0f;
+ states[5] = 0.0f;
+ states[6] = 0.0f;
+ } else if (GPSstatus >= GPS_FIX_3D) {
+
+ states[4] = velNED[0]; // north velocity from last reading
+ states[5] = velNED[1]; // east velocity from last reading
+ states[6] = velNED[2]; // down velocity from last reading
+ }
+}
+
+
+void AttPosEKF::FillErrorReport(struct ekf_status_report *err)
+{
+ for (int i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ err->states[i] = states[i];
+ }
+
+ err->velHealth = current_ekf_state.velHealth;
+ err->posHealth = current_ekf_state.posHealth;
+ err->hgtHealth = current_ekf_state.hgtHealth;
+ err->velTimeout = current_ekf_state.velTimeout;
+ err->posTimeout = current_ekf_state.posTimeout;
+ err->hgtTimeout = current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout;
+}
+
+bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
+ bool err = false;
+
+ // check all states and covariance matrices
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ for (unsigned j = 0; j < n_states; j++) {
+ if (!isfinite(KH[i][j])) {
+
+ err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ err = true;
+ } // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ if (!isfinite(KHP[i][j])) {
+
+ err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ err = true;
+ } // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ if (!isfinite(P[i][j])) {
+
+ err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ err = true;
+ } // covariance matrix
+ }
+
+ if (!isfinite(Kfusion[i])) {
+
+ err_report->kalmanGainsNaN = true;
+ err = true;
+ } // Kalman gains
+
+ if (!isfinite(states[i])) {
+
+ err_report->statesNaN = true;
+ err = true;
+ } // state matrix
+ }
+
+ if (err) {
+ FillErrorReport(err_report);
+ }
+
+ return err;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check the filter inputs and bound its operational state
+ *
+ * This check will reset the filter states if required
+ * due to a failure of consistency or timeout checks.
+ * it should be run after the measurement data has been
+ * updated, but before any of the fusion steps are
+ * executed.
+ */
+int AttPosEKF::CheckAndBound()
+{
+
+ // Store the old filter state
+ bool currStaticMode = staticMode;
+
+ // Reset the filter if the states went NaN
+ if (StatesNaN(&last_ekf_error)) {
+
+ InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
+
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ // Reset the filter if the IMU data is too old
+ if (dtIMU > 0.2f) {
+
+ ResetVelocity();
+ ResetPosition();
+ ResetHeight();
+ ResetStoredStates();
+
+ // that's all we can do here, return
+ return 2;
+ }
+
+ // Check if we're on ground - this also sets static mode.
+ OnGroundCheck();
+
+ // Check if we switched between states
+ if (currStaticMode != staticMode) {
+ ResetVelocity();
+ ResetPosition();
+ ResetHeight();
+ ResetStoredStates();
+
+ return 3;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::AttitudeInit(float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz, float declination, float *initQuat)
+{
+ float initialRoll, initialPitch;
+ float cosRoll, sinRoll, cosPitch, sinPitch;
+ float magX, magY;
+ float initialHdg, cosHeading, sinHeading;
+
+ initialRoll = atan2(-ay, -az);
+ initialPitch = atan2(ax, -az);
+
+ cosRoll = cosf(initialRoll);
+ sinRoll = sinf(initialRoll);
+ cosPitch = cosf(initialPitch);
+ sinPitch = sinf(initialPitch);
+
+ magX = mx * cosPitch + my * sinRoll * sinPitch + mz * cosRoll * sinPitch;
+
+ magY = my * cosRoll - mz * sinRoll;
+
+ initialHdg = atan2f(-magY, magX);
+ /* true heading is the mag heading minus declination */
+ initialHdg += declination;
+
+ cosRoll = cosf(initialRoll * 0.5f);
+ sinRoll = sinf(initialRoll * 0.5f);
+
+ cosPitch = cosf(initialPitch * 0.5f);
+ sinPitch = sinf(initialPitch * 0.5f);
+
+ cosHeading = cosf(initialHdg * 0.5f);
+ sinHeading = sinf(initialHdg * 0.5f);
+
+ initQuat[0] = cosRoll * cosPitch * cosHeading + sinRoll * sinPitch * sinHeading;
+ initQuat[1] = sinRoll * cosPitch * cosHeading - cosRoll * sinPitch * sinHeading;
+ initQuat[2] = cosRoll * sinPitch * cosHeading + sinRoll * cosPitch * sinHeading;
+ initQuat[3] = cosRoll * cosPitch * sinHeading - sinRoll * sinPitch * cosHeading;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination)
+{
+
+ // Clear the init flag
+ statesInitialised = false;
+
+ magDeclination = declination;
+
+ ZeroVariables();
+
+ // Calculate initial filter quaternion states from raw measurements
+ float initQuat[4];
+ Vector3f initMagXYZ;
+ initMagXYZ = magData - magBias;
+ AttitudeInit(accel.x, accel.y, accel.z, initMagXYZ.x, initMagXYZ.y, initMagXYZ.z, magDeclination, initQuat);
+
+ // Calculate initial Tbn matrix and rotate Mag measurements into NED
+ // to set initial NED magnetic field states
+ Mat3f DCM;
+ quat2Tbn(DCM, initQuat);
+ Vector3f initMagNED;
+ initMagXYZ = magData - magBias;
+ initMagNED.x = DCM.x.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.x.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.x.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+ initMagNED.y = DCM.y.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.y.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.y.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+ initMagNED.z = DCM.z.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.z.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.z.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+
+
+
+ // write to state vector
+ for (uint8_t j=0; j<=3; j++) states[j] = initQuat[j]; // quaternions
+ for (uint8_t j=0; j<=2; j++) states[j+4] = initvelNED[j]; // velocities
+ for (uint8_t j=0; j<=7; j++) states[j+7] = 0.0f; // positiions, dAngBias, windVel
+ states[15] = initMagNED.x; // Magnetic Field North
+ states[16] = initMagNED.y; // Magnetic Field East
+ states[17] = initMagNED.z; // Magnetic Field Down
+ states[18] = magBias.x; // Magnetic Field Bias X
+ states[19] = magBias.y; // Magnetic Field Bias Y
+ states[20] = magBias.z; // Magnetic Field Bias Z
+
+ statesInitialised = true;
+
+ // initialise the covariance matrix
+ CovarianceInit();
+
+ //Define Earth rotation vector in the NED navigation frame
+ calcEarthRateNED(earthRateNED, latRef);
+
+ //Initialise summed variables used by covariance prediction
+ summedDelAng.x = 0.0f;
+ summedDelAng.y = 0.0f;
+ summedDelAng.z = 0.0f;
+ summedDelVel.x = 0.0f;
+ summedDelVel.y = 0.0f;
+ summedDelVel.z = 0.0f;
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::InitialiseFilter(float (&initvelNED)[3], double referenceLat, double referenceLon, float referenceHgt, float declination)
+{
+ //store initial lat,long and height
+ latRef = referenceLat;
+ lonRef = referenceLon;
+ hgtRef = referenceHgt;
+
+ memset(&last_ekf_error, 0, sizeof(last_ekf_error));
+
+ InitializeDynamic(initvelNED, declination);
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::ZeroVariables()
+{
+ // Do the data structure init
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ for (unsigned j = 0; j < n_states; j++) {
+ KH[i][j] = 0.0f; // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ KHP[i][j] = 0.0f; // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ P[i][j] = 0.0f; // covariance matrix
+ }
+
+ Kfusion[i] = 0.0f; // Kalman gains
+ states[i] = 0.0f; // state matrix
+ }
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < data_buffer_size; i++) {
+
+ for (unsigned j = 0; j < n_states; j++) {
+ storedStates[j][i] = 0.0f;
+ }
+
+ statetimeStamp[i] = 0;
+ }
+
+ memset(&current_ekf_state, 0, sizeof(current_ekf_state));
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::GetFilterState(struct ekf_status_report *state)
+{
+ memcpy(state, &current_ekf_state, sizeof(state));
+}
+
+void AttPosEKF::GetLastErrorState(struct ekf_status_report *last_error)
+{
+ memcpy(last_error, &last_ekf_error, sizeof(last_error));
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.h b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a19ff1995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_21states.h
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "estimator_utilities.h"
+
+class AttPosEKF {
+
+public:
+
+ AttPosEKF();
+ ~AttPosEKF();
+
+ /* ##############################################
+ *
+ * M A I N F I L T E R P A R A M E T E R S
+ *
+ * ########################################### */
+
+ /*
+ * parameters are defined here and initialised in
+ * the InitialiseParameters() (which is just 20 lines down)
+ */
+
+ float covTimeStepMax; // maximum time allowed between covariance predictions
+ float covDelAngMax; // maximum delta angle between covariance predictions
+ float rngFinderPitch; // pitch angle of laser range finder in radians. Zero is aligned with the Z body axis. Positive is RH rotation about Y body axis.
+
+ float yawVarScale;
+ float windVelSigma;
+ float dAngBiasSigma;
+ float dVelBiasSigma;
+ float magEarthSigma;
+ float magBodySigma;
+ float gndHgtSigma;
+
+ float vneSigma;
+ float vdSigma;
+ float posNeSigma;
+ float posDSigma;
+ float magMeasurementSigma;
+ float airspeedMeasurementSigma;
+
+ float gyroProcessNoise;
+ float accelProcessNoise;
+
+ float EAS2TAS; // ratio f true to equivalent airspeed
+
+ void InitialiseParameters()
+ {
+ covTimeStepMax = 0.07f; // maximum time allowed between covariance predictions
+ covDelAngMax = 0.02f; // maximum delta angle between covariance predictions
+ rngFinderPitch = 0.0f; // pitch angle of laser range finder in radians. Zero is aligned with the Z body axis. Positive is RH rotation about Y body axis.
+ EAS2TAS = 1.0f;
+
+ yawVarScale = 1.0f;
+ windVelSigma = 0.1f;
+ dAngBiasSigma = 5.0e-7f;
+ dVelBiasSigma = 1e-4f;
+ magEarthSigma = 3.0e-4f;
+ magBodySigma = 3.0e-4f;
+ gndHgtSigma = 0.02f; // assume 2% terrain gradient 1-sigma
+
+ vneSigma = 0.2f;
+ vdSigma = 0.3f;
+ posNeSigma = 2.0f;
+ posDSigma = 2.0f;
+
+ magMeasurementSigma = 0.05;
+ airspeedMeasurementSigma = 1.4f;
+ gyroProcessNoise = 1.4544411e-2f;
+ accelProcessNoise = 0.5f;
+ }
+
+ // Global variables
+ float KH[n_states][n_states]; // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ float KHP[n_states][n_states]; // intermediate result used for covariance updates
+ float P[n_states][n_states]; // covariance matrix
+ float Kfusion[n_states]; // Kalman gains
+ float states[n_states]; // state matrix
+ float storedStates[n_states][data_buffer_size]; // state vectors stored for the last 50 time steps
+ uint32_t statetimeStamp[data_buffer_size]; // time stamp for each state vector stored
+
+ float statesAtVelTime[n_states]; // States at the effective measurement time for posNE and velNED measurements
+ float statesAtPosTime[n_states]; // States at the effective measurement time for posNE and velNED measurements
+ float statesAtHgtTime[n_states]; // States at the effective measurement time for the hgtMea measurement
+ float statesAtMagMeasTime[n_states]; // filter satates at the effective measurement time
+ float statesAtVtasMeasTime[n_states]; // filter states at the effective measurement time
+
+ Vector3f correctedDelAng; // delta angles about the xyz body axes corrected for errors (rad)
+ Vector3f correctedDelVel; // delta velocities along the XYZ body axes corrected for errors (m/s)
+ Vector3f summedDelAng; // summed delta angles about the xyz body axes corrected for errors (rad)
+ Vector3f summedDelVel; // summed delta velocities along the XYZ body axes corrected for errors (m/s)
+ float accNavMag; // magnitude of navigation accel (- used to adjust GPS obs variance (m/s^2)
+ Vector3f earthRateNED; // earths angular rate vector in NED (rad/s)
+ Vector3f angRate; // angular rate vector in XYZ body axes measured by the IMU (rad/s)
+ Vector3f accel; // acceleration vector in XYZ body axes measured by the IMU (m/s^2)
+ Vector3f dVelIMU;
+ Vector3f dAngIMU;
+ float dtIMU; // time lapsed since the last IMU measurement or covariance update (sec)
+ uint8_t fusionModeGPS; // 0 = GPS outputs 3D velocity, 1 = GPS outputs 2D velocity, 2 = GPS outputs no velocity
+ float innovVelPos[6]; // innovation output
+ float varInnovVelPos[6]; // innovation variance output
+
+ float velNED[3]; // North, East, Down velocity obs (m/s)
+ float posNE[2]; // North, East position obs (m)
+ float hgtMea; // measured height (m)
+ float posNED[3]; // North, East Down position (m)
+
+ float innovMag[3]; // innovation output
+ float varInnovMag[3]; // innovation variance output
+ Vector3f magData; // magnetometer flux radings in X,Y,Z body axes
+ float innovVtas; // innovation output
+ float varInnovVtas; // innovation variance output
+ float VtasMeas; // true airspeed measurement (m/s)
+ float magDeclination;
+ float latRef; // WGS-84 latitude of reference point (rad)
+ float lonRef; // WGS-84 longitude of reference point (rad)
+ float hgtRef; // WGS-84 height of reference point (m)
+ Vector3f magBias; // states representing magnetometer bias vector in XYZ body axes
+ uint8_t covSkipCount; // Number of state prediction frames (IMU daya updates to skip before doing the covariance prediction
+
+ // GPS input data variables
+ float gpsCourse;
+ float gpsVelD;
+ float gpsLat;
+ float gpsLon;
+ float gpsHgt;
+ uint8_t GPSstatus;
+
+ // Baro input
+ float baroHgt;
+
+ bool statesInitialised;
+
+ bool fuseVelData; // this boolean causes the posNE and velNED obs to be fused
+ bool fusePosData; // this boolean causes the posNE and velNED obs to be fused
+ bool fuseHgtData; // this boolean causes the hgtMea obs to be fused
+ bool fuseMagData; // boolean true when magnetometer data is to be fused
+ bool fuseVtasData; // boolean true when airspeed data is to be fused
+
+ bool onGround; ///< boolean true when the flight vehicle is on the ground (not flying)
+ bool staticMode; ///< boolean true if no position feedback is fused
+ bool useAirspeed; ///< boolean true if airspeed data is being used
+ bool useCompass; ///< boolean true if magnetometer data is being used
+
+ struct ekf_status_report current_ekf_state;
+ struct ekf_status_report last_ekf_error;
+
+ bool numericalProtection;
+
+ unsigned storeIndex;
+
+
+void UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED();
+
+void CovariancePrediction(float dt);
+
+void FuseVelposNED();
+
+void FuseMagnetometer();
+
+void FuseAirspeed();
+
+void zeroRows(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last);
+
+void zeroCols(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last);
+
+void quatNorm(float (&quatOut)[4], const float quatIn[4]);
+
+// store staes along with system time stamp in msces
+void StoreStates(uint64_t timestamp_ms);
+
+/**
+ * Recall the state vector.
+ *
+ * Recalls the vector stored at closest time to the one specified by msec
+ *
+ * @return zero on success, integer indicating the number of invalid states on failure.
+ * Does only copy valid states, if the statesForFusion vector was initialized
+ * correctly by the caller, the result can be safely used, but is a mixture
+ * time-wise where valid states were updated and invalid remained at the old
+ * value.
+ */
+int RecallStates(float statesForFusion[n_states], uint64_t msec);
+
+void ResetStoredStates();
+
+void quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn, const float (&quat)[4]);
+
+void calcEarthRateNED(Vector3f &omega, float latitude);
+
+static void eul2quat(float (&quat)[4], const float (&eul)[3]);
+
+static void quat2eul(float (&eul)[3], const float (&quat)[4]);
+
+static void calcvelNED(float (&velNED)[3], float gpsCourse, float gpsGndSpd, float gpsVelD);
+
+static void calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef);
+
+static void calcLLH(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef);
+
+static void quat2Tnb(Mat3f &Tnb, const float (&quat)[4]);
+
+static float sq(float valIn);
+
+void OnGroundCheck();
+
+void CovarianceInit();
+
+void InitialiseFilter(float (&initvelNED)[3], double referenceLat, double referenceLon, float referenceHgt, float declination);
+
+float ConstrainFloat(float val, float min, float max);
+
+void ConstrainVariances();
+
+void ConstrainStates();
+
+void ForceSymmetry();
+
+int CheckAndBound();
+
+void ResetPosition();
+
+void ResetVelocity();
+
+void ZeroVariables();
+
+void GetFilterState(struct ekf_status_report *state);
+
+void GetLastErrorState(struct ekf_status_report *last_error);
+
+bool StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report);
+void FillErrorReport(struct ekf_status_report *err);
+
+void InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination);
+
+protected:
+
+bool FilterHealthy();
+
+void ResetHeight(void);
+
+void AttitudeInit(float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz, float declination, float *initQuat);
+
+};
+
+uint32_t millis();
+
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.cpp b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.cpp
index 5db1adbb3..768e0be35 100644
--- a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.cpp
@@ -1,151 +1,126 @@
-#include "estimator.h"
+#include "estimator_23states.h"
#include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-
-// Define EKF_DEBUG here to enable the debug print calls
-// if the macro is not set, these will be completely
-// optimized out by the compiler.
-//#define EKF_DEBUG
-
-#ifdef EKF_DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
-static void
-ekf_debug_print(const char *fmt, va_list args)
-{
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", "[ekf]");
- vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
-
- fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-}
-
-static void
-ekf_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
- va_list args;
-
- va_start(args, fmt);
- ekf_debug_print(fmt, args);
-}
-
-#else
-
-static void ekf_debug(const char *fmt, ...) { while(0){} }
-#endif
-
-float Vector3f::length(void) const
-{
- return sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z);
-}
-
-void Vector3f::zero(void)
-{
- x = 0.0f;
- y = 0.0f;
- z = 0.0f;
-}
-
-Mat3f::Mat3f() {
- identity();
-}
-
-void Mat3f::identity() {
- x.x = 1.0f;
- x.y = 0.0f;
- x.z = 0.0f;
-
- y.x = 0.0f;
- y.y = 1.0f;
- y.z = 0.0f;
-
- z.x = 0.0f;
- z.y = 0.0f;
- z.z = 1.0f;
-}
-
-Mat3f Mat3f::transpose(void) const
-{
- Mat3f ret = *this;
- swap_var(ret.x.y, ret.y.x);
- swap_var(ret.x.z, ret.z.x);
- swap_var(ret.y.z, ret.z.y);
- return ret;
-}
-
-// overload + operator to provide a vector addition
-Vector3f operator+( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = vecIn1.x + vecIn2.x;
- vecOut.y = vecIn1.y + vecIn2.y;
- vecOut.z = vecIn1.z + vecIn2.z;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-// overload - operator to provide a vector subtraction
-Vector3f operator-( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = vecIn1.x - vecIn2.x;
- vecOut.y = vecIn1.y - vecIn2.y;
- vecOut.z = vecIn1.z - vecIn2.z;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-// overload * operator to provide a matrix vector product
-Vector3f operator*( Mat3f matIn, Vector3f vecIn)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = matIn.x.x*vecIn.x + matIn.x.y*vecIn.y + matIn.x.z*vecIn.z;
- vecOut.y = matIn.y.x*vecIn.x + matIn.y.y*vecIn.y + matIn.y.z*vecIn.z;
- vecOut.z = matIn.x.x*vecIn.x + matIn.z.y*vecIn.y + matIn.z.z*vecIn.z;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-// overload % operator to provide a vector cross product
-Vector3f operator%( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = vecIn1.y*vecIn2.z - vecIn1.z*vecIn2.y;
- vecOut.y = vecIn1.z*vecIn2.x - vecIn1.x*vecIn2.z;
- vecOut.z = vecIn1.x*vecIn2.y - vecIn1.y*vecIn2.x;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-// overload * operator to provide a vector scaler product
-Vector3f operator*(Vector3f vecIn1, float sclIn1)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = vecIn1.x * sclIn1;
- vecOut.y = vecIn1.y * sclIn1;
- vecOut.z = vecIn1.z * sclIn1;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-// overload * operator to provide a vector scaler product
-Vector3f operator*(float sclIn1, Vector3f vecIn1)
-{
- Vector3f vecOut;
- vecOut.x = vecIn1.x * sclIn1;
- vecOut.y = vecIn1.y * sclIn1;
- vecOut.z = vecIn1.z * sclIn1;
- return vecOut;
-}
-
-void swap_var(float &d1, float &d2)
-{
- float tmp = d1;
- d1 = d2;
- d2 = tmp;
-}
-
-AttPosEKF::AttPosEKF()
-
- /* NOTE: DO NOT initialize class members here. Use ZeroVariables()
- * instead to allow clean in-air re-initialization.
- */
+#define EKF_COVARIANCE_DIVERGED 1.0e8f
+
+AttPosEKF::AttPosEKF() :
+ covTimeStepMax(0.0f),
+ covDelAngMax(0.0f),
+ rngFinderPitch(0.0f),
+ a1(0.0f),
+ a2(0.0f),
+ a3(0.0f),
+ yawVarScale(0.0f),
+ windVelSigma(0.0f),
+ dAngBiasSigma(0.0f),
+ dVelBiasSigma(0.0f),
+ magEarthSigma(0.0f),
+ magBodySigma(0.0f),
+ gndHgtSigma(0.0f),
+ vneSigma(0.0f),
+ vdSigma(0.0f),
+ posNeSigma(0.0f),
+ posDSigma(0.0f),
+ magMeasurementSigma(0.0f),
+ airspeedMeasurementSigma(0.0f),
+ gyroProcessNoise(0.0f),
+ accelProcessNoise(0.0f),
+ EAS2TAS(1.0f),
+ magstate{},
+ resetMagState{},
+ KH{},
+ KHP{},
+ P{},
+ Kfusion{},
+ states{},
+ resetStates{},
+ storedStates{},
+ statetimeStamp{},
+ statesAtVelTime{},
+ statesAtPosTime{},
+ statesAtHgtTime{},
+ statesAtMagMeasTime{},
+ statesAtVtasMeasTime{},
+ statesAtRngTime{},
+ statesAtOptFlowTime{},
+ correctedDelAng(),
+ correctedDelVel(),
+ summedDelAng(),
+ summedDelVel(),
+ accNavMag(),
+ earthRateNED(),
+ angRate(),
+ lastGyroOffset(),
+ delAngTotal(),
+ Tbn(),
+ Tnb(),
+ accel(),
+ dVelIMU(),
+ dAngIMU(),
+ dtIMU(0),
+ fusionModeGPS(0),
+ innovVelPos{},
+ varInnovVelPos{},
+ velNED{},
+ accelGPSNED{},
+ posNE{},
+ hgtMea(0.0f),
+ baroHgtOffset(0.0f),
+ rngMea(0.0f),
+ innovMag{},
+ varInnovMag{},
+ magData{},
+ losData{},
+ innovVtas(0.0f),
+ innovRng(0.0f),
+ innovOptFlow{},
+ varInnovOptFlow{},
+ varInnovVtas(0.0f),
+ varInnovRng(0.0f),
+ VtasMeas(0.0f),
+ magDeclination(0.0f),
+ latRef(0.0f),
+ lonRef(-M_PI_F),
+ hgtRef(0.0f),
+ refSet(false),
+ magBias(),
+ covSkipCount(0),
+ gpsLat(0.0),
+ gpsLon(-M_PI),
+ gpsHgt(0.0f),
+ GPSstatus(0),
+ baroHgt(0.0f),
+ statesInitialised(false),
+ fuseVelData(false),
+ fusePosData(false),
+ fuseHgtData(false),
+ fuseMagData(false),
+ fuseVtasData(false),
+ fuseRngData(false),
+ fuseOptFlowData(false),
+
+ inhibitWindStates(true),
+ inhibitMagStates(true),
+ inhibitGndHgtState(true),
+
+ onGround(true),
+ staticMode(true),
+ useAirspeed(true),
+ useCompass(true),
+ useRangeFinder(false),
+ useOpticalFlow(false),
+
+ ekfDiverged(false),
+ lastReset(0),
+ current_ekf_state{},
+ last_ekf_error{},
+ numericalProtection(true),
+ storeIndex(0)
{
-
+ memset(&last_ekf_error, 0, sizeof(last_ekf_error));
+ memset(&current_ekf_state, 0, sizeof(current_ekf_state));
ZeroVariables();
InitialiseParameters();
}
@@ -171,7 +146,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED()
float qUpdated[4];
float quatMag;
float deltaQuat[4];
- const Vector3f gravityNED = {0.0,0.0,GRAVITY_MSS};
+ const Vector3f gravityNED(0.0f, 0.0f, GRAVITY_MSS);
// Remove sensor bias errors
correctedDelAng.x = dAngIMU.x - states[10];
@@ -181,6 +156,10 @@ void AttPosEKF::UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED()
dVelIMU.y = dVelIMU.y;
dVelIMU.z = dVelIMU.z - states[13];
+ delAngTotal.x += correctedDelAng.x;
+ delAngTotal.y += correctedDelAng.y;
+ delAngTotal.z += correctedDelAng.z;
+
// Save current measurements
Vector3f prevDelAng = correctedDelAng;
@@ -199,8 +178,12 @@ void AttPosEKF::UpdateStrapdownEquationsNED()
}
else
{
- deltaQuat[0] = cosf(0.5f*rotationMag);
- float rotScaler = (sinf(0.5f*rotationMag))/rotationMag;
+ // We are using double here as we are unsure how small
+ // the angle differences are and if we get into numeric
+ // issues with float. The runtime impact is not measurable
+ // for these quantities.
+ deltaQuat[0] = cos(0.5*(double)rotationMag);
+ float rotScaler = (sin(0.5*(double)rotationMag))/(double)rotationMag;
deltaQuat[1] = correctedDelAng.x*rotScaler;
deltaQuat[2] = correctedDelAng.y*rotScaler;
deltaQuat[3] = correctedDelAng.z*rotScaler;
@@ -312,15 +295,28 @@ void AttPosEKF::CovariancePrediction(float dt)
float nextP[n_states][n_states];
// calculate covariance prediction process noise
- for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=9; i++) processNoise[i] = 1.0e-9f;
+ for (uint8_t i= 0; i<4; i++) processNoise[i] = 1.0e-9f;
+ for (uint8_t i= 4; i<10; i++) processNoise[i] = 1.0e-9f;
for (uint8_t i=10; i<=12; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * dAngBiasSigma;
// scale gyro bias noise when on ground to allow for faster bias estimation
for (uint8_t i=10; i<=12; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * dAngBiasSigma;
processNoise[13] = dVelBiasSigma;
- for (uint8_t i=14; i<=15; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * windVelSigma;
- for (uint8_t i=16; i<=18; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * magEarthSigma;
- for (uint8_t i=19; i<=21; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * magBodySigma;
- processNoise[22] = dt * sqrtf(sq(states[4]) + sq(states[5])) * gndHgtSigma;
+ if (!inhibitWindStates) {
+ for (uint8_t i=14; i<=15; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * windVelSigma;
+ } else {
+ for (uint8_t i=14; i<=15; i++) processNoise[i] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitMagStates) {
+ for (uint8_t i=16; i<=18; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * magEarthSigma;
+ for (uint8_t i=19; i<=21; i++) processNoise[i] = dt * magBodySigma;
+ } else {
+ for (uint8_t i=16; i<=21; i++) processNoise[i] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ processNoise[22] = dt * sqrtf(sq(states[4]) + sq(states[5])) * gndHgtSigma;
+ } else {
+ processNoise[22] = 0;
+ }
// square all sigmas
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) processNoise[i] = sq(processNoise[i]);
@@ -932,30 +928,6 @@ void AttPosEKF::CovariancePrediction(float dt)
nextP[i][i] = nextP[i][i] + processNoise[i];
}
- // If on ground or no magnetometer fitted, inhibit magnetometer bias updates by
- // setting the coresponding covariance terms to zero.
- if (onGround || !useCompass)
- {
- zeroRows(nextP,16,21);
- zeroCols(nextP,16,21);
- }
-
- // If on ground or not using airspeed sensing, inhibit wind velocity
- // covariance growth.
- if (onGround || !useAirspeed)
- {
- zeroRows(nextP,14,15);
- zeroCols(nextP,14,15);
- }
-
- // If on ground, inhibit terrain offset updates by
- // setting the coresponding covariance terms to zero.
- if (onGround)
- {
- zeroRows(nextP,22,22);
- zeroCols(nextP,22,22);
- }
-
// If the total position variance exceds 1E6 (1000m), then stop covariance
// growth by setting the predicted to the previous values
// This prevent an ill conditioned matrix from occurring for long periods
@@ -972,57 +944,31 @@ void AttPosEKF::CovariancePrediction(float dt)
}
}
- if (onGround || staticMode) {
- // copy the portion of the variances we want to
- // propagate
- for (unsigned i = 0; i <= 13; i++) {
- P[i][i] = nextP[i][i];
-
- // force symmetry for observable states
- // force zero for non-observable states
- for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
- {
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
- {
- if ((i > 13) || (j > 13)) {
- P[i][j] = 0.0f;
- } else {
- P[i][j] = 0.5f * (nextP[i][j] + nextP[j][i]);
- }
- P[j][i] = P[i][j];
- }
- }
- }
-
- } else {
-
- // Copy covariance
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
- P[i][i] = nextP[i][i];
- }
+ // Copy covariance
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ P[i][i] = nextP[i][i];
+ }
- // force symmetry for observable states
- for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
+ // force symmetry for observable states
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
{
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j < i; j++)
- {
- P[i][j] = 0.5f * (nextP[i][j] + nextP[j][i]);
- P[j][i] = P[i][j];
- }
+ P[i][j] = 0.5f * (nextP[i][j] + nextP[j][i]);
+ P[j][i] = P[i][j];
}
-
}
- ConstrainVariances();
+ ConstrainVariances();
}
void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
{
// declare variables used by fault isolation logic
- uint32_t gpsRetryTime = 30000; // time in msec before GPS fusion will be retried following innovation consistency failure
- uint32_t gpsRetryTimeNoTAS = 5000; // retry time if no TAS measurement available
- uint32_t hgtRetryTime = 5000; // height measurement retry time
+ uint32_t gpsRetryTime = 3000; // time in msec before GPS fusion will be retried following innovation consistency failure
+ uint32_t gpsRetryTimeNoTAS = 500; // retry time if no TAS measurement available
+ uint32_t hgtRetryTime = 500; // height measurement retry time
uint32_t horizRetryTime;
// declare variables used to check measurement errors
@@ -1034,7 +980,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
bool fuseData[6] = {false,false,false,false,false,false};
uint8_t stateIndex;
uint8_t obsIndex;
- uint8_t indexLimit;
+ uint8_t indexLimit = 22;
// declare variables used by state and covariance update calculations
float velErr;
@@ -1071,11 +1017,6 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
R_OBS[4] = R_OBS[3];
R_OBS[5] = sq(posDSigma) + sq(posErr);
- // Set innovation variances to zero default
- for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=5; i++)
- {
- varInnovVelPos[i] = 0.0f;
- }
// calculate innovations and check GPS data validity using an innovation consistency check
if (fuseVelData)
{
@@ -1161,15 +1102,6 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
{
fuseData[5] = true;
}
- // Limit range of states modified when on ground
- if(!onGround)
- {
- indexLimit = 22;
- }
- else
- {
- indexLimit = 13;
- }
// Fuse measurements sequentially
for (obsIndex=0; obsIndex<=5; obsIndex++)
{
@@ -1178,7 +1110,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
stateIndex = 4 + obsIndex;
// Calculate the measurement innovation, using states from a
// different time coordinate if fusing height data
- if (obsIndex >= 0 && obsIndex <= 2)
+ if (obsIndex <= 2)
{
innovVelPos[obsIndex] = statesAtVelTime[stateIndex] - observation[obsIndex];
}
@@ -1193,7 +1125,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
// Calculate the Kalman Gain
// Calculate innovation variances - also used for data logging
varInnovVelPos[obsIndex] = P[stateIndex][stateIndex] + R_OBS[obsIndex];
- SK = 1.0/varInnovVelPos[obsIndex];
+ SK = 1.0/(double)varInnovVelPos[obsIndex];
for (uint8_t i= 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
{
Kfusion[i] = P[i][stateIndex]*SK;
@@ -1203,6 +1135,22 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseVelposNED()
if (obsIndex != 5) {
Kfusion[13] = 0;
}
+ // Don't update wind states if inhibited
+ if (inhibitWindStates) {
+ Kfusion[14] = 0;
+ Kfusion[15] = 0;
+ }
+ // Don't update magnetic field states if inhibited
+ if (inhibitMagStates) {
+ for (uint8_t i = 16; i<=21; i++)
+ {
+ Kfusion[i] = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ // Don't update terrain state if inhibited
+ if (inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ Kfusion[22] = 0;
+ }
// Calculate state corrections and re-normalise the quaternions
for (uint8_t i = 0; i<=indexLimit; i++)
@@ -1269,7 +1217,6 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
H_MAG[i] = 0.0f;
}
- unsigned indexLimit;
// Perform sequential fusion of Magnetometer measurements.
// This assumes that the errors in the different components are
@@ -1277,23 +1224,10 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
// data fit is the only assumption we can make
// so we might as well take advantage of the computational efficiencies
// associated with sequential fusion
- if (useCompass && (fuseMagData || obsIndex == 1 || obsIndex == 2))
+ if (useCompass && fuseMagData && (obsIndex < 3))
{
- // Limit range of states modified when on ground
- if(!onGround)
- {
- indexLimit = n_states;
- }
- else
- {
- indexLimit = 13 + 1;
- }
-
- // Sequential fusion of XYZ components to spread processing load across
- // three prediction time steps.
-
// Calculate observation jacobians and Kalman gains
- if (fuseMagData)
+ if (obsIndex == 0)
{
// Copy required states to local variable names
q0 = statesAtMagMeasTime[0];
@@ -1377,22 +1311,33 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
Kfusion[12] = SK_MX[0]*(P[12][19] + P[12][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[12][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[12][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[12][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[12][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[12][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[12][18]*SK_MX[4]);
// Only height measurements are allowed to modify the Z delta velocity bias state. This improves the stability of the estimate
Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//SK_MX[0]*(P[13][19] + P[13][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[13][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[13][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[13][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[13][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[13][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[13][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[14] = SK_MX[0]*(P[14][19] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[14][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[14][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[14][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[14][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[15] = SK_MX[0]*(P[15][19] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[15][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[15][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[15][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[15][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[16] = SK_MX[0]*(P[16][19] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[16][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[16][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[16][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[16][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[17] = SK_MX[0]*(P[17][19] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[17][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[17][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[17][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[17][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[18] = SK_MX[0]*(P[18][19] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[18][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[18][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[18][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[18][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[19] = SK_MX[0]*(P[19][19] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[19][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[19][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[19][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[19][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[20] = SK_MX[0]*(P[20][19] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[20][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[20][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[20][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[20][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[21] = SK_MX[0]*(P[21][19] + P[21][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[21][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[21][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[21][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[21][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[21][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[21][18]*SK_MX[4]);
- Kfusion[22] = SK_MX[0]*(P[22][19] + P[22][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[22][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[22][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[22][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[22][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[22][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[22][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ // Estimation of selected states is inhibited by setting their Kalman gains to zero
+ if (!inhibitWindStates) {
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MX[0]*(P[14][19] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[14][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[14][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[14][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[14][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MX[0]*(P[15][19] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[15][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[15][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[15][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[15][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[14] = 0;
+ Kfusion[15] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitMagStates) {
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MX[0]*(P[16][19] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[16][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[16][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[16][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[16][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MX[0]*(P[17][19] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[17][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[17][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[17][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[17][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MX[0]*(P[18][19] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[18][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[18][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[18][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[18][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MX[0]*(P[19][19] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[19][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[19][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[19][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[19][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MX[0]*(P[20][19] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[20][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[20][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[20][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[20][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ Kfusion[21] = SK_MX[0]*(P[21][19] + P[21][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[21][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[21][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[21][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[21][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[21][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[21][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ } else {
+ for (uint8_t i=16; i <= 21; i++) {
+ Kfusion[i] = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ Kfusion[22] = SK_MX[0]*(P[22][19] + P[22][1]*SH_MAG[0] + P[22][3]*SH_MAG[2] + P[22][0]*SK_MX[3] - P[22][2]*SK_MX[2] - P[22][16]*SK_MX[1] + P[22][17]*SK_MX[5] - P[22][18]*SK_MX[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[22] = 0;
+ }
varInnovMag[0] = 1.0f/SK_MX[0];
innovMag[0] = MagPred[0] - magData.x;
-
- // reset the observation index to 0 (we start by fusing the X
- // measurement)
- obsIndex = 0;
- fuseMagData = false;
}
else if (obsIndex == 1) // we are now fusing the Y measurement
{
@@ -1437,15 +1382,34 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
Kfusion[12] = SK_MY[0]*(P[12][20] + P[12][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[12][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[12][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[12][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[12][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[12][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[12][18]*SK_MY[4]);
// Only height measurements are allowed to modify the Z delta velocity bias state. This improves the stability of the estimate
Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//SK_MY[0]*(P[13][20] + P[13][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[13][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[13][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[13][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[13][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[13][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[13][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[14] = SK_MY[0]*(P[14][20] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[14][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[14][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[14][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[15] = SK_MY[0]*(P[15][20] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[15][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[15][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[15][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[16] = SK_MY[0]*(P[16][20] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[16][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[16][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[16][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[17] = SK_MY[0]*(P[17][20] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[17][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[17][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[17][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[18] = SK_MY[0]*(P[18][20] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[18][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[18][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[18][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[19] = SK_MY[0]*(P[19][20] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[19][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[19][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[19][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[20] = SK_MY[0]*(P[20][20] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[20][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[20][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[20][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[21] = SK_MY[0]*(P[21][20] + P[21][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[21][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[21][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[21][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[21][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[21][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[21][18]*SK_MY[4]);
- Kfusion[22] = SK_MY[0]*(P[22][20] + P[22][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[22][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[22][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[22][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[22][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[22][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[22][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ // Estimation of selected states is inhibited by setting their Kalman gains to zero
+ if (!inhibitWindStates) {
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MY[0]*(P[14][20] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[14][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[14][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[14][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[14][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MY[0]*(P[15][20] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[15][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[15][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[15][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[15][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[14] = 0;
+ Kfusion[15] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitMagStates) {
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MY[0]*(P[16][20] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[16][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[16][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[16][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[16][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MY[0]*(P[17][20] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[17][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[17][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[17][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[17][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MY[0]*(P[18][20] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[18][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[18][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[18][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[18][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MY[0]*(P[19][20] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[19][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[19][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[19][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[19][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MY[0]*(P[20][20] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[20][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[20][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[20][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[20][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ Kfusion[21] = SK_MY[0]*(P[21][20] + P[21][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[21][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[21][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[21][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[21][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[21][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[21][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[16] = 0;
+ Kfusion[17] = 0;
+ Kfusion[18] = 0;
+ Kfusion[19] = 0;
+ Kfusion[20] = 0;
+ Kfusion[21] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ Kfusion[22] = SK_MY[0]*(P[22][20] + P[22][0]*SH_MAG[2] + P[22][1]*SH_MAG[1] + P[22][2]*SH_MAG[0] - P[22][3]*SK_MY[2] - P[22][17]*SK_MY[1] - P[22][16]*SK_MY[3] + P[22][18]*SK_MY[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[22] = 0;
+ }
varInnovMag[1] = 1.0f/SK_MY[0];
innovMag[1] = MagPred[1] - magData.y;
}
@@ -1493,31 +1457,50 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
Kfusion[12] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[12][21] + P[12][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[12][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[12][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[12][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[12][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[12][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[12][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
// Only height measurements are allowed to modify the Z delta velocity bias state. This improves the stability of the estimate
Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//SK_MZ[0]*(P[13][21] + P[13][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[13][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[13][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[13][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[13][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[13][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[13][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[14] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[14][21] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[14][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[14][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[14][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[14][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[15] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[15][21] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[15][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[15][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[15][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[15][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[16] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[16][21] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[16][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[16][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[16][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[16][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[17] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[17][21] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[17][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[17][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[17][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[17][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[18] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[18][21] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[18][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[18][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[18][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[18][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[19] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[19][21] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[19][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[19][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[19][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[19][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[20] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[20][21] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[20][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[20][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[20][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[20][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[21] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[21][21] + P[21][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[21][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[21][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[21][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[21][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[21][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[21][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
- Kfusion[22] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[22][21] + P[22][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[22][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[22][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[22][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[22][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[22][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[22][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ // Estimation of selected states is inhibited by setting their Kalman gains to zero
+ if (!inhibitWindStates) {
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[14][21] + P[14][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[14][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[14][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[14][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[14][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[14][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[14][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[15][21] + P[15][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[15][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[15][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[15][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[15][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[15][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[15][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[14] = 0;
+ Kfusion[15] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitMagStates) {
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[16][21] + P[16][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[16][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[16][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[16][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[16][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[16][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[16][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[17][21] + P[17][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[17][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[17][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[17][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[17][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[17][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[17][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[18][21] + P[18][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[18][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[18][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[18][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[18][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[18][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[18][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[19][21] + P[19][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[19][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[19][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[19][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[19][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[19][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[19][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[20][21] + P[20][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[20][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[20][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[20][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[20][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[20][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[20][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ Kfusion[21] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[21][21] + P[21][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[21][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[21][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[21][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[21][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[21][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[21][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[16] = 0;
+ Kfusion[17] = 0;
+ Kfusion[18] = 0;
+ Kfusion[19] = 0;
+ Kfusion[20] = 0;
+ Kfusion[21] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ Kfusion[22] = SK_MZ[0]*(P[22][21] + P[22][0]*SH_MAG[1] + P[22][3]*SH_MAG[0] - P[22][1]*SK_MZ[2] + P[22][2]*SK_MZ[3] + P[22][18]*SK_MZ[1] + P[22][16]*SK_MZ[5] - P[22][17]*SK_MZ[4]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[22] = 0;
+ }
varInnovMag[2] = 1.0f/SK_MZ[0];
innovMag[2] = MagPred[2] - magData.z;
}
// Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 5Sigma
- if ((innovMag[obsIndex]*innovMag[obsIndex]/varInnovMag[obsIndex]) < 25.0)
+ if ((innovMag[obsIndex]*innovMag[obsIndex]/varInnovMag[obsIndex]) < 25.0f)
{
// correct the state vector
- for (uint8_t j= 0; j < indexLimit; j++)
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j < n_states; j++)
{
states[j] = states[j] - Kfusion[j] * innovMag[obsIndex];
}
// normalise the quaternion states
float quatMag = sqrt(states[0]*states[0] + states[1]*states[1] + states[2]*states[2] + states[3]*states[3]);
- if (quatMag > 1e-12)
+ if (quatMag > 1e-12f)
{
for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=3; j++)
{
@@ -1528,7 +1511,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
// correct the covariance P = (I - K*H)*P
// take advantage of the empty columns in KH to reduce the
// number of operations
- for (uint8_t i = 0; i < indexLimit; i++)
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
{
for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 3; j++)
{
@@ -1550,9 +1533,9 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
}
}
}
- for (uint8_t i = 0; i < indexLimit; i++)
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
{
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j < indexLimit; j++)
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
{
KHP[i][j] = 0.0f;
for (uint8_t k = 0; k <= 3; k++)
@@ -1569,9 +1552,9 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseMagnetometer()
}
}
}
- for (uint8_t i = 0; i < indexLimit; i++)
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
{
- for (uint8_t j = 0; j < indexLimit; j++)
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
{
P[i][j] = P[i][j] - KHP[i][j];
}
@@ -1612,7 +1595,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseAirspeed()
SH_TAS[0] = 1/(sqrt(sq(ve - vwe) + sq(vn - vwn) + sq(vd)));
SH_TAS[1] = (SH_TAS[0]*(2.0f*ve - 2*vwe))/2.0f;
SH_TAS[2] = (SH_TAS[0]*(2.0f*vn - 2*vwn))/2.0f;
-
+
float H_TAS[n_states];
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++) H_TAS[i] = 0.0f;
H_TAS[4] = SH_TAS[2];
@@ -1647,21 +1630,37 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseAirspeed()
Kfusion[12] = SK_TAS*(P[12][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[12][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[12][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[12][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[12][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
// Only height measurements are allowed to modify the Z delta velocity bias state. This improves the stability of the estimate
Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//SK_TAS*(P[13][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[13][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[13][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[13][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[13][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[14] = SK_TAS*(P[14][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[14][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[14][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[14][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[15] = SK_TAS*(P[15][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[15][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[15][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[15][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[15][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[16] = SK_TAS*(P[16][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[16][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[16][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[16][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[16][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[17] = SK_TAS*(P[17][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[17][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[17][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[17][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[17][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[18] = SK_TAS*(P[18][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[18][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[18][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[18][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[18][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[19] = SK_TAS*(P[19][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[19][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[19][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[19][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[19][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[20] = SK_TAS*(P[20][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[20][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[20][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[20][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[20][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[21] = SK_TAS*(P[21][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[21][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[21][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[21][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[21][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
- Kfusion[22] = SK_TAS*(P[22][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[22][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[22][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[22][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[22][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ // Estimation of selected states is inhibited by setting their Kalman gains to zero
+ if (!inhibitWindStates) {
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_TAS*(P[14][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[14][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[14][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[14][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[14][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_TAS*(P[15][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[15][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[15][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[15][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[15][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[14] = 0;
+ Kfusion[15] = 0;
+ }
+ if (!inhibitMagStates) {
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_TAS*(P[16][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[16][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[16][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[16][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[16][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_TAS*(P[17][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[17][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[17][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[17][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[17][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_TAS*(P[18][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[18][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[18][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[18][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[18][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_TAS*(P[19][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[19][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[19][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[19][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[19][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_TAS*(P[20][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[20][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[20][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[20][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[20][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ Kfusion[21] = SK_TAS*(P[21][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[21][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[21][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[21][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[21][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ } else {
+ for (uint8_t i=16; i <= 21; i++) {
+ Kfusion[i] = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!inhibitGndHgtState) {
+ Kfusion[22] = SK_TAS*(P[22][4]*SH_TAS[2] - P[22][14]*SH_TAS[2] + P[22][5]*SH_TAS[1] - P[22][15]*SH_TAS[1] + P[22][6]*vd*SH_TAS[0]);
+ } else {
+ Kfusion[22] = 0;
+ }
varInnovVtas = 1.0f/SK_TAS;
// Calculate the measurement innovation
innovVtas = VtasPred - VtasMeas;
// Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 5Sigma
- if ((innovVtas*innovVtas*SK_TAS) < 25.0)
+ if ((innovVtas*innovVtas*SK_TAS) < 25.0f)
{
// correct the state vector
for (uint8_t j=0; j <= 22; j++)
@@ -1757,9 +1756,9 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseRangeFinder()
float ptd = statesAtRngTime[22];
// Need to check that our range finder tilt angle is less than 30 degrees and we are using range finder data
- SH_RNG[4] = sin(rngFinderPitch);
- cosRngTilt = - Tbn.z.x * SH_RNG[4] + Tbn.z.z * cos(rngFinderPitch);
- if (useRangeFinder && cosRngTilt > 0.87f)
+ SH_RNG[4] = sinf(rngFinderPitch);
+ cosRngTilt = - Tbn.z.x * SH_RNG[4] + Tbn.z.z * cosf(rngFinderPitch);
+ if (useRangeFinder && fuseRngData && cosRngTilt > 0.87f)
{
// Calculate observation jacobian and Kalman gain ignoring all states other than the terrain offset
// This prevents the range finder measurement modifying any of the other filter states and significantly reduces computations
@@ -1780,10 +1779,12 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseRangeFinder()
SK_RNG[5] = SH_RNG[2];
Kfusion[22] = SK_RNG[0]*(P[22][9]*SH_RNG[3] - P[22][22]*SH_RNG[3] + P[22][0]*SH_RNG[1]*SK_RNG[2]*SK_RNG[5] - P[22][1]*SH_RNG[1]*SK_RNG[1]*SK_RNG[5] - P[22][2]*SH_RNG[1]*SK_RNG[4]*SK_RNG[5] + P[22][3]*SH_RNG[1]*SK_RNG[3]*SK_RNG[5]);
+ // Calculate the innovation variance for data logging
+ varInnovRng = 1.0f/SK_RNG[0];
+
// Calculate the measurement innovation
rngPred = (ptd - pd)/cosRngTilt;
innovRng = rngPred - rngMea;
- //printf("mea=%5.1f, pred=%5.1f, pd=%5.1f, ptd=%5.2f\n", rngMea, rngPred, pd, ptd);
// Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 5Sigma
if ((innovRng*innovRng*SK_RNG[0]) < 25)
@@ -1799,6 +1800,289 @@ void AttPosEKF::FuseRangeFinder()
}
+void AttPosEKF::FuseOptFlow()
+{
+ static uint8_t obsIndex;
+ static float SH_LOS[13];
+ static float SKK_LOS[15];
+ static float SK_LOS[2];
+ static float q0 = 0.0f;
+ static float q1 = 0.0f;
+ static float q2 = 0.0f;
+ static float q3 = 1.0f;
+ static float vn = 0.0f;
+ static float ve = 0.0f;
+ static float vd = 0.0f;
+ static float pd = 0.0f;
+ static float ptd = 0.0f;
+ static float R_LOS = 0.01f;
+ static float losPred[2];
+
+ // Transformation matrix from nav to body axes
+ Mat3f Tnb_local;
+ // Transformation matrix from body to sensor axes
+ // assume camera is aligned with Z body axis plus a misalignment
+ // defined by 3 small angles about X, Y and Z body axis
+ Mat3f Tbs;
+ Tbs.x.y = a3;
+ Tbs.y.x = -a3;
+ Tbs.x.z = -a2;
+ Tbs.z.x = a2;
+ Tbs.y.z = a1;
+ Tbs.z.y = -a1;
+ // Transformation matrix from navigation to sensor axes
+ Mat3f Tns;
+ float H_LOS[n_states];
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ H_LOS[i] = 0.0f;
+ }
+ Vector3f velNED_local;
+ Vector3f relVelSensor;
+
+// Perform sequential fusion of optical flow measurements only when in the air and tilt is less than 30 deg.
+ if (useOpticalFlow && (fuseOptFlowData || obsIndex == 1) && !onGround && Tbs.z.z > 0.866f && rngMea > 5.0f && rngMea < 39.0f)
+ {
+ // Sequential fusion of XY components to spread processing load across
+ // two prediction time steps.
+
+ // Calculate observation jacobians and Kalman gains
+ if (fuseOptFlowData)
+ {
+ // Copy required states to local variable names
+ q0 = statesAtOptFlowTime[0];
+ q1 = statesAtOptFlowTime[1];
+ q2 = statesAtOptFlowTime[2];
+ q3 = statesAtOptFlowTime[3];
+ vn = statesAtOptFlowTime[4];
+ ve = statesAtOptFlowTime[5];
+ vd = statesAtOptFlowTime[6];
+ pd = statesAtOptFlowTime[9];
+ ptd = statesAtOptFlowTime[22];
+ velNED_local.x = vn;
+ velNED_local.y = ve;
+ velNED_local.z = vd;
+
+ // calculate rotation from NED to body axes
+ float q00 = sq(q0);
+ float q11 = sq(q1);
+ float q22 = sq(q2);
+ float q33 = sq(q3);
+ float q01 = q0 * q1;
+ float q02 = q0 * q2;
+ float q03 = q0 * q3;
+ float q12 = q1 * q2;
+ float q13 = q1 * q3;
+ float q23 = q2 * q3;
+ Tnb_local.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
+ Tnb_local.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
+ Tnb_local.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
+ Tnb_local.y.x = 2*(q12 - q03);
+ Tnb_local.z.x = 2*(q13 + q02);
+ Tnb_local.x.y = 2*(q12 + q03);
+ Tnb_local.z.y = 2*(q23 - q01);
+ Tnb_local.x.z = 2*(q13 - q02);
+ Tnb_local.y.z = 2*(q23 + q01);
+
+ // calculate transformation from NED to sensor axes
+ Tns = Tbs*Tnb_local;
+
+ // calculate range from ground plain to centre of sensor fov assuming flat earth
+ float range = ConstrainFloat(((ptd - pd)/Tns.z.z),0.5f,100.0f);
+
+ // calculate relative velocity in sensor frame
+ relVelSensor = Tns*velNED_local;
+
+ // divide velocity by range and include angular rate effects to get predicted angular LOS rates relative to X and Y axes
+ losPred[0] = relVelSensor.y/range;
+ losPred[1] = -relVelSensor.x/range;
+
+ //printf("relVelSensor.x=%5.1f, relVelSensor.y=%5.1f\n", relVelSensor.x, relVelSensor.y);
+ //printf("Xpred=%5.2f, Xmea=%5.2f, Ypred=%5.2f, Ymea=%5.2f, delAng.x=%4.4f, delAng.y=%4.4f\n", losPred[0], losData[0], losPred[1], losData[1], delAng.x, delAng.y);
+ //printf("omegaX=%5.2f, omegaY=%5.2f, velY=%5.1f velX=%5.1f\n, range=%5.1f\n", delAngRel.x/dt, delAngRel.y/dt, relVelSensor.y, relVelSensor.x, range);
+
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ SH_LOS[0] = a1*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3) + a2*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3) - sq(q0) + sq(q1) + sq(q2) - sq(q3);
+ SH_LOS[1] = vd*(a2*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3 - a3*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3)) - ve*(a3*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2 + a2*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3)) + vn*(a2*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) + sq(q3));
+ SH_LOS[2] = ve*(a1*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) - vd*(a1*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3 + a3*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3)) + vn*(a3*(sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2 - a1*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3));
+ SH_LOS[3] = 1/(pd - ptd);
+ SH_LOS[4] = 2*q1 - 2*a2*q3 + 2*a3*q2;
+ SH_LOS[5] = 2*a2*q2 - 2*q0 + 2*a3*q3;
+ SH_LOS[6] = 2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 - 2*a3*q1;
+ SH_LOS[7] = 1/sq(pd - ptd);
+ SH_LOS[8] = 2*q2 + 2*a1*q3 - 2*a3*q1;
+ SH_LOS[9] = 2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a3*q0;
+ SH_LOS[10] = 2*a1*q1 - 2*q0 + 2*a3*q3;
+ SH_LOS[11] = 2*q3 + 2*a2*q1 + 2*a3*q0;
+ SH_LOS[12] = 2*q1 + 2*a1*q0 + 2*a3*q2;
+
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++) H_LOS[i] = 0;
+ H_LOS[0] = - SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*a1*q1 - 2*q0 + 2*a2*q2) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(ve*SH_LOS[10] - vd*SH_LOS[12] + vn*SH_LOS[9]);
+ H_LOS[1] = - SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q1 + 2*a1*q0 - 2*a2*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[10] + ve*SH_LOS[12] - vn*SH_LOS[8]);
+ H_LOS[2] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[9] + ve*SH_LOS[8] + vn*SH_LOS[12]) - SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3);
+ H_LOS[3] = SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[8] - ve*SH_LOS[9] + vn*SH_LOS[10]);
+ H_LOS[4] = -SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a3*(sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2 - a1*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3));
+ H_LOS[5] = -SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a1*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3));
+ H_LOS[6] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a1*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3 + a3*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3));
+ H_LOS[9] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7];
+ H_LOS[22] = -SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7];
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gain
+ SKK_LOS[0] = a2*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3 - a3*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3);
+ SKK_LOS[1] = a3*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2 + a2*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3);
+ SKK_LOS[2] = a2*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) + sq(q3);
+ SKK_LOS[3] = a1*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3 + a3*(2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3);
+ SKK_LOS[4] = a1*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3);
+ SKK_LOS[5] = a3*(sq(q0) + sq(q1) - sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2 - a1*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3);
+ SKK_LOS[6] = SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[8] - ve*SH_LOS[9] + vn*SH_LOS[10]);
+ SKK_LOS[7] = SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q1 + 2*a1*q0 - 2*a2*q3) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[10] + ve*SH_LOS[12] - vn*SH_LOS[8]);
+ SKK_LOS[8] = SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*a1*q1 - 2*q0 + 2*a2*q2) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(ve*SH_LOS[10] - vd*SH_LOS[12] + vn*SH_LOS[9]);
+ SKK_LOS[9] = SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[9] + ve*SH_LOS[8] + vn*SH_LOS[12]);
+ SKK_LOS[10] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*a1*q1 - 2*q0 + 2*a2*q2) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[6] - ve*SH_LOS[11] + vn*SH_LOS[5]);
+ SKK_LOS[11] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q1 + 2*a1*q0 - 2*a2*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[11] + ve*SH_LOS[6] + vn*SH_LOS[4]);
+ SKK_LOS[12] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[5] + ve*SH_LOS[4] - vn*SH_LOS[6]);
+ SKK_LOS[13] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(ve*SH_LOS[5] - vd*SH_LOS[4] + vn*SH_LOS[11]);
+ SKK_LOS[14] = SH_LOS[0];
+
+ SK_LOS[0] = 1/(R_LOS + SKK_LOS[8]*(P[0][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][0]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][0]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][0]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][0]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][0]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SKK_LOS[7]*(P[0][1]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][1]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][1]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][1]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][1]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][1]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SKK_LOS[9]*(P[0][2]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][2]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][2]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][2]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][2]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SKK_LOS[6]*(P[0][3]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][3]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][3]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][3]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][3]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][3]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][9]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][9]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][9]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][9]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][22]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][22]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][22]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][22]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][4]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][4]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][4]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][4]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][4]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][4]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][5]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][5]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][5]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][5]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][5]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][5]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][6]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][6]*SKK_LOS[7] + P[2][6]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][6]*SKK_LOS[6] - P[9][6]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][6]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]));
+ Kfusion[0] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[0][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[0][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[0][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[0][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[0][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[0][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[1] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[1][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[1][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[1][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[1][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[1][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[1][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[2] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[2][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[2][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[2][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[2][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[2][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[2][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[3] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[3][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[3][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[3][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[3][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[3][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[3][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[4] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[4][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[4][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[4][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[4][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[4][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[4][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[5] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[5][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[5][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[5][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[5][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[5][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[6] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[6][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[6][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[6][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[6][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[6][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[7] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[7][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[7][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[7][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[7][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[7][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[7][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[8] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[8][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[8][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[8][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[8][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[8][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[8][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[9] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[9][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[9][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[9][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[9][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[9][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[9][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[10] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[10][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[10][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[10][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[10][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[10][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[10][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[11] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[11][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[11][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[11][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[11][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[11][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[11][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[12] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[12][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[12][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[12][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[12][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[12][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[12][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//-SK_LOS[0]*(P[13][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[13][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[13][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[13][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[13][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[13][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[14] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[14][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[14][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[14][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[14][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[14][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[14][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[15] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[15][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[15][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[15][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[15][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[15][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[15][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[16] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[16][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[16][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[16][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[16][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[16][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[16][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[17] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[17][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[17][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[17][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[17][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[17][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[17][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[18] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[18][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[18][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[18][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[18][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[18][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[18][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[19] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[19][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[19][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[19][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[19][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[19][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[19][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[20] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[20][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[20][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[20][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[20][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[20][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[20][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[21] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[21][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[21][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[21][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[21][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[21][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[21][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[22] = -SK_LOS[0]*(P[22][0]*SKK_LOS[8] + P[22][1]*SKK_LOS[7] - P[22][3]*SKK_LOS[6] + P[22][2]*SKK_LOS[9] - P[22][9]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][22]*SH_LOS[2]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[5]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[4]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[22][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ varInnovOptFlow[0] = 1.0f/SK_LOS[0];
+ innovOptFlow[0] = losPred[0] - losData[0];
+
+ // reset the observation index to 0 (we start by fusing the X
+ // measurement)
+ obsIndex = 0;
+ fuseOptFlowData = false;
+ }
+ else if (obsIndex == 1) // we are now fusing the Y measurement
+ {
+ // Calculate observation jacobians
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++) H_LOS[i] = 0;
+ H_LOS[0] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*a1*q1 - 2*q0 + 2*a2*q2) + SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[6] - ve*SH_LOS[11] + vn*SH_LOS[5]);
+ H_LOS[1] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q1 + 2*a1*q0 - 2*a2*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[11] + ve*SH_LOS[6] + vn*SH_LOS[4]);
+ H_LOS[2] = SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3) - SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(vd*SH_LOS[5] + ve*SH_LOS[4] - vn*SH_LOS[6]);
+ H_LOS[3] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(ve*SH_LOS[5] - vd*SH_LOS[4] + vn*SH_LOS[11]) - SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1);
+ H_LOS[4] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a2*(2*q0*q2 + 2*q1*q3) + a3*(2*q0*q3 - 2*q1*q2) - sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) + sq(q3));
+ H_LOS[5] = -SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a3*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) + sq(q2) - sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q3 + 2*q1*q2 + a2*(2*q0*q1 - 2*q2*q3));
+ H_LOS[6] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[3]*(a2*(sq(q0) - sq(q1) - sq(q2) + sq(q3)) + 2*q0*q2 - 2*q1*q3 - a3*(2*q0*q1 + 2*q2*q3));
+ H_LOS[9] = -SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7];
+ H_LOS[22] = SH_LOS[0]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7];
+
+ // Calculate Kalman gains
+ SK_LOS[1] = 1/(R_LOS + SKK_LOS[12]*(P[0][2]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][2]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][2]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][2]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][2]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][2]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SKK_LOS[13]*(P[0][3]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][3]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][3]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][3]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][3]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][3]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][3]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SKK_LOS[10]*(P[0][0]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][0]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][0]*(SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]*(vd*SH_LOS[5] + ve*SH_LOS[4] - vn*SH_LOS[6])) - P[3][0]*(SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]*(ve*SH_LOS[5] - vd*SH_LOS[4] + vn*SH_LOS[11])) - P[9][0]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][0]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][0]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SKK_LOS[11]*(P[0][1]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][1]*(SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q2 + 2*a2*q0 + 2*a1*q3) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]*(vd*SH_LOS[5] + ve*SH_LOS[4] - vn*SH_LOS[6])) - P[3][1]*(SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[3]*(2*q3 - 2*a1*q2 + 2*a2*q1) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[14]*(ve*SH_LOS[5] - vd*SH_LOS[4] + vn*SH_LOS[11])) - P[9][1]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][1]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][1]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][9]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][9]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][9]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][9]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][9]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][22]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][22]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][22]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][22]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][22]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][4]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][4]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][4]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][4]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][4]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][4]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) - SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][5]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][5]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][5]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][5]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][5]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][5]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]) + SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]*(P[0][6]*SKK_LOS[10] + P[1][6]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][6]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][6]*SKK_LOS[13] - P[9][6]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][6]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14]));
+ Kfusion[0] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[0][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[0][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[0][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[0][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[0][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[0][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[0][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[1] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[1][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[1][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[1][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[1][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[1][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[1][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[1][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[2] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[2][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[2][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[2][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[2][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[2][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[2][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[2][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[3] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[3][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[3][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[3][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[3][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[3][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[3][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[3][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[4] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[4][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[4][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[4][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[4][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[4][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[4][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[4][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[5] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[5][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[5][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[5][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[5][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[5][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[5][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[5][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[6] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[6][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[6][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[6][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[6][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[6][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[6][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[6][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[7] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[7][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[7][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[7][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[7][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[7][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[7][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[7][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[8] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[8][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[8][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[8][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[8][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[8][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[8][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[8][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[9] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[9][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[9][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[9][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[9][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[9][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[9][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[9][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[10] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[10][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[10][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[10][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[10][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[10][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[10][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[10][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[11] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[11][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[11][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[11][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[11][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[11][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[11][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[11][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[12] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[12][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[12][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[12][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[12][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[12][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[12][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[12][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[13] = 0.0f;//SK_LOS[1]*(P[13][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[13][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[13][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[13][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[13][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[13][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[13][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[14] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[14][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[14][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[14][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[14][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[14][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[14][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[14][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[15] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[15][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[15][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[15][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[15][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[15][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[15][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[15][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[16] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[16][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[16][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[16][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[16][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[16][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[16][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[16][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[17] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[17][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[17][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[17][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[17][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[17][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[17][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[17][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[18] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[18][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[18][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[18][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[18][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[18][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[18][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[18][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[19] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[19][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[19][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[19][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[19][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[19][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[19][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[19][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[20] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[20][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[20][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[20][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[20][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[20][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[20][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[20][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[21] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[21][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[21][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[21][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[21][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[21][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[21][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[21][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ Kfusion[22] = SK_LOS[1]*(P[22][0]*SKK_LOS[10] - P[22][3]*SKK_LOS[13] + P[22][1]*SKK_LOS[11] + P[22][2]*SKK_LOS[12] - P[22][9]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][22]*SH_LOS[1]*SH_LOS[7]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][6]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[0]*SKK_LOS[14] + P[22][4]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[2]*SKK_LOS[14] - P[22][5]*SH_LOS[3]*SKK_LOS[1]*SKK_LOS[14]);
+ varInnovOptFlow[1] = 1.0f/SK_LOS[1];
+ innovOptFlow[1] = losPred[1] - losData[1];
+ }
+
+ // Check the innovation for consistency and don't fuse if > 3Sigma
+ if ((innovOptFlow[obsIndex]*innovOptFlow[obsIndex]/varInnovOptFlow[obsIndex]) < 9.0f)
+ {
+ // correct the state vector
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
+ {
+ states[j] = states[j] - Kfusion[j] * innovOptFlow[obsIndex];
+ }
+ // normalise the quaternion states
+ float quatMag = sqrt(states[0]*states[0] + states[1]*states[1] + states[2]*states[2] + states[3]*states[3]);
+ if (quatMag > 1e-12f)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j= 0; j<=3; j++)
+ {
+ float quatMagInv = 1.0f/quatMag;
+ states[j] = states[j] * quatMagInv;
+ }
+ }
+ // correct the covariance P = (I - K*H)*P
+ // take advantage of the empty columns in KH to reduce the
+ // number of operations
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j <= 6; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = Kfusion[i] * H_LOS[j];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t j = 7; j <= 8; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ }
+ KH[i][9] = Kfusion[i] * H_LOS[9];
+ for (uint8_t j = 10; j <= 21; j++)
+ {
+ KH[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ }
+ KH[i][22] = Kfusion[i] * H_LOS[22];
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = 0.0f;
+ for (uint8_t k = 0; k <= 6; k++)
+ {
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][k] * P[k][j];
+ }
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][9] * P[9][j];
+ KHP[i][j] = KHP[i][j] + KH[i][22] * P[2][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ for (uint8_t i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
+ {
+ for (uint8_t j = 0; j < n_states; j++)
+ {
+ P[i][j] = P[i][j] - KHP[i][j];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ obsIndex = obsIndex + 1;
+ ForceSymmetry();
+ ConstrainVariances();
+}
+
void AttPosEKF::zeroCols(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last)
{
uint8_t row;
@@ -1855,21 +2139,21 @@ int AttPosEKF::RecallStates(float* statesForFusion, uint64_t msec)
int64_t bestTimeDelta = 200;
unsigned bestStoreIndex = 0;
- for (unsigned storeIndex = 0; storeIndex < data_buffer_size; storeIndex++)
+ for (unsigned storeIndexLocal = 0; storeIndexLocal < data_buffer_size; storeIndexLocal++)
{
// Work around a GCC compiler bug - we know 64bit support on ARM is
// sketchy in GCC.
uint64_t timeDelta;
- if (msec > statetimeStamp[storeIndex]) {
- timeDelta = msec - statetimeStamp[storeIndex];
+ if (msec > statetimeStamp[storeIndexLocal]) {
+ timeDelta = msec - statetimeStamp[storeIndexLocal];
} else {
- timeDelta = statetimeStamp[storeIndex] - msec;
+ timeDelta = statetimeStamp[storeIndexLocal] - msec;
}
- if (timeDelta < bestTimeDelta)
+ if (timeDelta < (uint64_t)bestTimeDelta)
{
- bestStoreIndex = storeIndex;
+ bestStoreIndex = storeIndexLocal;
bestTimeDelta = timeDelta;
}
}
@@ -1926,7 +2210,7 @@ void AttPosEKF::quat2Tnb(Mat3f &Tnb, const float (&quat)[4])
Tnb.y.z = 2*(q23 + q01);
}
-void AttPosEKF::quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn, const float (&quat)[4])
+void AttPosEKF::quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn_ret, const float (&quat)[4])
{
// Calculate the body to nav cosine matrix
float q00 = sq(quat[0]);
@@ -1940,15 +2224,15 @@ void AttPosEKF::quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn, const float (&quat)[4])
float q13 = quat[1]*quat[3];
float q23 = quat[2]*quat[3];
- Tbn.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
- Tbn.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
- Tbn.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
- Tbn.x.y = 2*(q12 - q03);
- Tbn.x.z = 2*(q13 + q02);
- Tbn.y.x = 2*(q12 + q03);
- Tbn.y.z = 2*(q23 - q01);
- Tbn.z.x = 2*(q13 - q02);
- Tbn.z.y = 2*(q23 + q01);
+ Tbn_ret.x.x = q00 + q11 - q22 - q33;
+ Tbn_ret.y.y = q00 - q11 + q22 - q33;
+ Tbn_ret.z.z = q00 - q11 - q22 + q33;
+ Tbn_ret.x.y = 2*(q12 - q03);
+ Tbn_ret.x.z = 2*(q13 + q02);
+ Tbn_ret.y.x = 2*(q12 + q03);
+ Tbn_ret.y.z = 2*(q23 - q01);
+ Tbn_ret.z.x = 2*(q13 - q02);
+ Tbn_ret.z.y = 2*(q23 + q01);
}
void AttPosEKF::eul2quat(float (&quat)[4], const float (&eul)[3])
@@ -1979,26 +2263,44 @@ void AttPosEKF::calcvelNED(float (&velNED)[3], float gpsCourse, float gpsGndSpd,
velNED[2] = gpsVelD;
}
-void AttPosEKF::calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], double lat, double lon, float hgt, double latRef, double lonRef, float hgtRef)
+void AttPosEKF::calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], double lat, double lon, float hgt, double latReference, double lonReference, float hgtReference)
{
- posNED[0] = earthRadius * (lat - latRef);
- posNED[1] = earthRadius * cos(latRef) * (lon - lonRef);
- posNED[2] = -(hgt - hgtRef);
+ posNED[0] = earthRadius * (lat - latReference);
+ posNED[1] = earthRadius * cos(latReference) * (lon - lonReference);
+ posNED[2] = -(hgt - hgtReference);
}
-void AttPosEKF::calcLLH(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef)
+void AttPosEKF::calcLLH(float posNED[3], double &lat, double &lon, float &hgt, double latRef, double lonRef, float hgtRef)
{
- lat = latRef + posNED[0] * earthRadiusInv;
- lon = lonRef + posNED[1] * earthRadiusInv / cos(latRef);
+ lat = latRef + (double)posNED[0] * earthRadiusInv;
+ lon = lonRef + (double)posNED[1] * earthRadiusInv / cos(latRef);
hgt = hgtRef - posNED[2];
}
void AttPosEKF::OnGroundCheck()
{
- onGround = (((sq(velNED[0]) + sq(velNED[1]) + sq(velNED[2])) < 4.0f) && (VtasMeas < 6.0f));
+ onGround = (((sq(velNED[0]) + sq(velNED[1]) + sq(velNED[2])) < 4.0f) && (VtasMeas < 8.0f));
if (staticMode) {
staticMode = (!refSet || (GPSstatus < GPS_FIX_3D));
}
+ // don't update wind states if there is no airspeed measurement
+ if (onGround || !useAirspeed) {
+ inhibitWindStates = true;
+ } else {
+ inhibitWindStates =false;
+ }
+ // don't update magnetic field states if on ground or not using compass
+ if (onGround || !useCompass) {
+ inhibitMagStates = true;
+ } else {
+ inhibitMagStates = false;
+ }
+ // don't update terrain offset state if on ground
+ if (onGround) {
+ inhibitGndHgtState = true;
+ } else {
+ inhibitGndHgtState = false;
+ }
}
void AttPosEKF::calcEarthRateNED(Vector3f &omega, float latitude)
@@ -2026,8 +2328,8 @@ void AttPosEKF::CovarianceInit()
P[11][11] = P[10][10];
P[12][12] = P[10][10];
P[13][13] = sq(0.2f*dtIMU);
- P[14][14] = sq(8.0f);
- P[15][14] = P[14][14];
+ P[14][14] = sq(0.0f);
+ P[15][15] = P[14][14];
P[16][16] = sq(0.02f);
P[17][17] = P[16][16];
P[18][18] = P[16][16];
@@ -2042,16 +2344,16 @@ float AttPosEKF::ConstrainFloat(float val, float min, float max)
float ret;
if (val > max) {
ret = max;
- ekf_debug("> max: %8.4f, val: %8.4f", max, val);
+ ekf_debug("> max: %8.4f, val: %8.4f", (double)max, (double)val);
} else if (val < min) {
ret = min;
- ekf_debug("< min: %8.4f, val: %8.4f", min, val);
+ ekf_debug("< min: %8.4f, val: %8.4f", (double)min, (double)val);
} else {
ret = val;
}
if (!isfinite(val)) {
- ekf_debug("constrain: non-finite!");
+ //ekf_debug("constrain: non-finite!");
}
return ret;
@@ -2194,10 +2496,71 @@ void AttPosEKF::ForceSymmetry()
{
P[i][j] = 0.5f * (P[i][j] + P[j][i]);
P[j][i] = P[i][j];
+
+ if ((fabsf(P[i][j]) > EKF_COVARIANCE_DIVERGED) ||
+ (fabsf(P[j][i]) > EKF_COVARIANCE_DIVERGED)) {
+ current_ekf_state.covariancesExcessive = true;
+ current_ekf_state.error |= true;
+ InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ float symmetric = 0.5f * (P[i][j] + P[j][i]);
+ P[i][j] = symmetric;
+ P[j][i] = symmetric;
}
}
}
+bool AttPosEKF::GyroOffsetsDiverged()
+{
+ // Detect divergence by looking for rapid changes of the gyro offset
+ Vector3f current_bias;
+ current_bias.x = states[10];
+ current_bias.y = states[11];
+ current_bias.z = states[12];
+
+ Vector3f delta = current_bias - lastGyroOffset;
+ float delta_len = delta.length();
+ float delta_len_scaled = 0.0f;
+
+ // Protect against division by zero
+ if (delta_len > 0.0f) {
+ float cov_mag = ConstrainFloat((P[10][10] + P[11][11] + P[12][12]), 1e-12f, 1e-8f);
+ delta_len_scaled = (5e-7 / (double)cov_mag) * (double)delta_len / (double)dtIMU;
+ }
+
+ bool diverged = (delta_len_scaled > 1.0f);
+ lastGyroOffset = current_bias;
+ current_ekf_state.error |= diverged;
+ current_ekf_state.gyroOffsetsExcessive = diverged;
+
+ return diverged;
+}
+
+bool AttPosEKF::VelNEDDiverged()
+{
+ Vector3f current_vel;
+ current_vel.x = states[4];
+ current_vel.y = states[5];
+ current_vel.z = states[6];
+
+ Vector3f gps_vel;
+ gps_vel.x = velNED[0];
+ gps_vel.y = velNED[1];
+ gps_vel.z = velNED[2];
+
+ Vector3f delta = current_vel - gps_vel;
+ float delta_len = delta.length();
+
+ bool excessive = (delta_len > 20.0f);
+
+ current_ekf_state.error |= excessive;
+ current_ekf_state.velOffsetExcessive = excessive;
+
+ return excessive;
+}
+
bool AttPosEKF::FilterHealthy()
{
if (!statesInitialised) {
@@ -2262,42 +2625,26 @@ void AttPosEKF::ResetVelocity(void)
}
}
-
-void AttPosEKF::FillErrorReport(struct ekf_status_report *err)
-{
- for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++)
- {
- err->states[i] = states[i];
- }
-
- err->velHealth = current_ekf_state.velHealth;
- err->posHealth = current_ekf_state.posHealth;
- err->hgtHealth = current_ekf_state.hgtHealth;
- err->velTimeout = current_ekf_state.velTimeout;
- err->posTimeout = current_ekf_state.posTimeout;
- err->hgtTimeout = current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout;
-}
-
-bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
+bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN() {
bool err = false;
// check all integrators
if (!isfinite(summedDelAng.x) || !isfinite(summedDelAng.y) || !isfinite(summedDelAng.z)) {
- err_report->statesNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.angNaN = true;
ekf_debug("summedDelAng NaN: x: %f y: %f z: %f", (double)summedDelAng.x, (double)summedDelAng.y, (double)summedDelAng.z);
err = true;
goto out;
} // delta angles
if (!isfinite(correctedDelAng.x) || !isfinite(correctedDelAng.y) || !isfinite(correctedDelAng.z)) {
- err_report->statesNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.angNaN = true;
ekf_debug("correctedDelAng NaN: x: %f y: %f z: %f", (double)correctedDelAng.x, (double)correctedDelAng.y, (double)correctedDelAng.z);
err = true;
goto out;
} // delta angles
if (!isfinite(summedDelVel.x) || !isfinite(summedDelVel.y) || !isfinite(summedDelVel.z)) {
- err_report->statesNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.summedDelVelNaN = true;
ekf_debug("summedDelVel NaN: x: %f y: %f z: %f", (double)summedDelVel.x, (double)summedDelVel.y, (double)summedDelVel.z);
err = true;
goto out;
@@ -2308,7 +2655,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
for (unsigned j = 0; j < n_states; j++) {
if (!isfinite(KH[i][j])) {
- err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.KHNaN = true;
err = true;
ekf_debug("KH NaN");
goto out;
@@ -2316,7 +2663,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
if (!isfinite(KHP[i][j])) {
- err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.KHPNaN = true;
err = true;
ekf_debug("KHP NaN");
goto out;
@@ -2324,7 +2671,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
if (!isfinite(P[i][j])) {
- err_report->covarianceNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.covarianceNaN = true;
err = true;
ekf_debug("P NaN");
} // covariance matrix
@@ -2332,7 +2679,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
if (!isfinite(Kfusion[i])) {
- err_report->kalmanGainsNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.kalmanGainsNaN = true;
ekf_debug("Kfusion NaN");
err = true;
goto out;
@@ -2340,7 +2687,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
if (!isfinite(states[i])) {
- err_report->statesNaN = true;
+ current_ekf_state.statesNaN = true;
ekf_debug("states NaN: i: %u val: %f", i, (double)states[i]);
err = true;
goto out;
@@ -2349,7 +2696,7 @@ bool AttPosEKF::StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report) {
out:
if (err) {
- FillErrorReport(err_report);
+ current_ekf_state.error |= true;
}
return err;
@@ -2365,47 +2712,105 @@ out:
* updated, but before any of the fusion steps are
* executed.
*/
-int AttPosEKF::CheckAndBound()
+int AttPosEKF::CheckAndBound(struct ekf_status_report *last_error)
{
// Store the old filter state
bool currStaticMode = staticMode;
+ // Limit reset rate to 5 Hz to allow the filter
+ // to settle
+ if (millis() - lastReset < 200) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (ekfDiverged) {
+ ekfDiverged = false;
+ }
+
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ // Check if we're on ground - this also sets static mode.
+ OnGroundCheck();
+
// Reset the filter if the states went NaN
- if (StatesNaN(&last_ekf_error)) {
+ if (StatesNaN()) {
ekf_debug("re-initializing dynamic");
- InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
+ // Reset and fill error report
+ InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
- return 1;
+ ret = 1;
}
// Reset the filter if the IMU data is too old
if (dtIMU > 0.3f) {
+ current_ekf_state.imuTimeout = true;
+
+ // Fill error report
+ GetFilterState(&last_ekf_error);
+
ResetVelocity();
ResetPosition();
ResetHeight();
ResetStoredStates();
+ // Timeout cleared with this reset
+ current_ekf_state.imuTimeout = false;
+
// that's all we can do here, return
- return 2;
+ ret = 2;
}
- // Check if we're on ground - this also sets static mode.
- OnGroundCheck();
-
// Check if we switched between states
if (currStaticMode != staticMode) {
+ // Fill error report, but not setting error flag
+ GetFilterState(&last_ekf_error);
+
ResetVelocity();
ResetPosition();
ResetHeight();
ResetStoredStates();
- return 3;
+ ret = 3;
+ }
+
+ // Reset the filter if gyro offsets are excessive
+ if (GyroOffsetsDiverged()) {
+
+ // Reset and fill error report
+ InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
+
+ // that's all we can do here, return
+ ret = 4;
+ }
+
+ // Reset the filter if it diverges too far from GPS
+ if (VelNEDDiverged()) {
+
+ // Reset and fill error report
+ InitializeDynamic(velNED, magDeclination);
+
+ // that's all we can do here, return
+ ret = 5;
+ }
+
+ // The excessive covariance detection already
+ // reset the filter. Just need to report here.
+ if (last_ekf_error.covariancesExcessive) {
+ ret = 6;
+ }
+
+ if (ret) {
+ ekfDiverged = true;
+ lastReset = millis();
+
+ // This reads the last error and clears it
+ GetLastErrorState(last_error);
}
- return 0;
+ return ret;
}
void AttPosEKF::AttitudeInit(float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz, float declination, float *initQuat)
@@ -2456,6 +2861,36 @@ void AttPosEKF::AttitudeInit(float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, f
void AttPosEKF::InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination)
{
+ if (current_ekf_state.error) {
+ GetFilterState(&last_ekf_error);
+ }
+
+ ZeroVariables();
+
+ // Reset error states
+ current_ekf_state.error = false;
+ current_ekf_state.angNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.summedDelVelNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.KHNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.KHPNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.PNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.covarianceNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.kalmanGainsNaN = false;
+ current_ekf_state.statesNaN = false;
+
+ current_ekf_state.velHealth = true;
+ current_ekf_state.posHealth = true;
+ current_ekf_state.hgtHealth = true;
+
+ current_ekf_state.velTimeout = false;
+ current_ekf_state.posTimeout = false;
+ current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout = false;
+
+ fuseVelData = false;
+ fusePosData = false;
+ fuseHgtData = false;
+ fuseMagData = false;
+ fuseVtasData = false;
// Fill variables with valid data
velNED[0] = initvelNED[0];
@@ -2471,12 +2906,12 @@ void AttPosEKF::InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination)
// Calculate initial Tbn matrix and rotate Mag measurements into NED
// to set initial NED magnetic field states
- Mat3f DCM;
- quat2Tbn(DCM, initQuat);
+ quat2Tbn(Tbn, initQuat);
+ Tnb = Tbn.transpose();
Vector3f initMagNED;
- initMagNED.x = DCM.x.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.x.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.x.z*initMagXYZ.z;
- initMagNED.y = DCM.y.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.y.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.y.z*initMagXYZ.z;
- initMagNED.z = DCM.z.x*initMagXYZ.x + DCM.z.y*initMagXYZ.y + DCM.z.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+ initMagNED.x = Tbn.x.x*initMagXYZ.x + Tbn.x.y*initMagXYZ.y + Tbn.x.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+ initMagNED.y = Tbn.y.x*initMagXYZ.x + Tbn.y.y*initMagXYZ.y + Tbn.y.z*initMagXYZ.z;
+ initMagNED.z = Tbn.z.x*initMagXYZ.x + Tbn.z.y*initMagXYZ.y + Tbn.z.z*initMagXYZ.z;
magstate.q0 = initQuat[0];
magstate.q1 = initQuat[1];
@@ -2489,12 +2924,16 @@ void AttPosEKF::InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination)
magstate.magYbias = magBias.y;
magstate.magZbias = magBias.z;
magstate.R_MAG = sq(magMeasurementSigma);
- magstate.DCM = DCM;
+ magstate.DCM = Tbn;
// write to state vector
for (uint8_t j=0; j<=3; j++) states[j] = initQuat[j]; // quaternions
for (uint8_t j=4; j<=6; j++) states[j] = initvelNED[j-4]; // velocities
- for (uint8_t j=7; j<=15; j++) states[j] = 0.0f; // positions, dAngBias, dVelBias, windVel
+ // positions:
+ states[7] = posNE[0];
+ states[8] = posNE[1];
+ states[9] = -hgtMea;
+ for (uint8_t j=10; j<=15; j++) states[j] = 0.0f; // dAngBias, dVelBias, windVel
states[16] = initMagNED.x; // Magnetic Field North
states[17] = initMagNED.y; // Magnetic Field East
states[18] = initMagNED.z; // Magnetic Field Down
@@ -2525,14 +2964,16 @@ void AttPosEKF::InitialiseFilter(float (&initvelNED)[3], double referenceLat, do
hgtRef = referenceHgt;
refSet = true;
- // we are at reference altitude, so measurement must be zero
- hgtMea = 0.0f;
+ // we are at reference position, so measurement must be zero
+ posNE[0] = 0.0f;
+ posNE[1] = 0.0f;
+
+ // we are at an unknown, possibly non-zero altitude - so altitude
+ // is not reset (hgtMea)
// the baro offset must be this difference now
baroHgtOffset = baroHgt - referenceHgt;
- memset(&last_ekf_error, 0, sizeof(last_ekf_error));
-
InitializeDynamic(initvelNED, declination);
}
@@ -2540,27 +2981,8 @@ void AttPosEKF::ZeroVariables()
{
// Initialize on-init initialized variables
- fusionModeGPS = 0;
- covSkipCount = 0;
- statesInitialised = false;
- fuseVelData = false;
- fusePosData = false;
- fuseHgtData = false;
- fuseMagData = false;
- fuseVtasData = false;
- onGround = true;
- staticMode = true;
- useAirspeed = true;
- useCompass = true;
- useRangeFinder = true;
- numericalProtection = true;
- refSet = false;
+
storeIndex = 0;
- gpsHgt = 0.0f;
- baroHgt = 0.0f;
- GPSstatus = 0;
- VtasMeas = 0.0f;
- magDeclination = 0.0f;
// Do the data structure init
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
@@ -2577,9 +2999,9 @@ void AttPosEKF::ZeroVariables()
correctedDelAng.zero();
summedDelAng.zero();
summedDelVel.zero();
-
dAngIMU.zero();
dVelIMU.zero();
+ lastGyroOffset.zero();
for (unsigned i = 0; i < data_buffer_size; i++) {
@@ -2598,12 +3020,27 @@ void AttPosEKF::ZeroVariables()
}
-void AttPosEKF::GetFilterState(struct ekf_status_report *state)
+void AttPosEKF::GetFilterState(struct ekf_status_report *err)
{
- memcpy(state, &current_ekf_state, sizeof(*state));
+
+ // Copy states
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_states; i++) {
+ current_ekf_state.states[i] = states[i];
+ }
+ current_ekf_state.n_states = n_states;
+
+ memcpy(err, &current_ekf_state, sizeof(*err));
+
+ // err->velHealth = current_ekf_state.velHealth;
+ // err->posHealth = current_ekf_state.posHealth;
+ // err->hgtHealth = current_ekf_state.hgtHealth;
+ // err->velTimeout = current_ekf_state.velTimeout;
+ // err->posTimeout = current_ekf_state.posTimeout;
+ // err->hgtTimeout = current_ekf_state.hgtTimeout;
}
void AttPosEKF::GetLastErrorState(struct ekf_status_report *last_error)
{
memcpy(last_error, &last_ekf_error, sizeof(*last_error));
+ memset(&last_ekf_error, 0, sizeof(last_ekf_error));
}
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.h b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.h
index e821089f2..faa6735ca 100644
--- a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator.h
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_23states.h
@@ -1,76 +1,10 @@
-#include <math.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
#pragma once
-#define GRAVITY_MSS 9.80665f
-#define deg2rad 0.017453292f
-#define rad2deg 57.295780f
-#define pi 3.141592657f
-#define earthRate 0.000072921f
-#define earthRadius 6378145.0f
-#define earthRadiusInv 1.5678540e-7f
-
-class Vector3f
-{
-private:
-public:
- float x;
- float y;
- float z;
-
- float length(void) const;
- void zero(void);
-};
-
-class Mat3f
-{
-private:
-public:
- Vector3f x;
- Vector3f y;
- Vector3f z;
-
- Mat3f();
-
- void identity();
- Mat3f transpose(void) const;
-};
-
-Vector3f operator*(float sclIn1, Vector3f vecIn1);
-Vector3f operator+( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
-Vector3f operator-( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
-Vector3f operator*( Mat3f matIn, Vector3f vecIn);
-Vector3f operator%( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
-Vector3f operator*(Vector3f vecIn1, float sclIn1);
-
-void swap_var(float &d1, float &d2);
+#include "estimator_utilities.h"
const unsigned int n_states = 23;
const unsigned int data_buffer_size = 50;
-enum GPS_FIX {
- GPS_FIX_NOFIX = 0,
- GPS_FIX_2D = 2,
- GPS_FIX_3D = 3
-};
-
-struct ekf_status_report {
- bool velHealth;
- bool posHealth;
- bool hgtHealth;
- bool velTimeout;
- bool posTimeout;
- bool hgtTimeout;
- uint32_t velFailTime;
- uint32_t posFailTime;
- uint32_t hgtFailTime;
- float states[n_states];
- bool statesNaN;
- bool covarianceNaN;
- bool kalmanGainsNaN;
-};
-
class AttPosEKF {
public:
@@ -95,6 +29,10 @@ public:
float covDelAngMax; // maximum delta angle between covariance predictions
float rngFinderPitch; // pitch angle of laser range finder in radians. Zero is aligned with the Z body axis. Positive is RH rotation about Y body axis.
+ float a1; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about X axis (rad)
+ float a2; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about Y axis (rad)
+ float a3; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about Z axis (rad)
+
float yawVarScale;
float windVelSigma;
float dAngBiasSigma;
@@ -121,6 +59,9 @@ public:
covDelAngMax = 0.02f; // maximum delta angle between covariance predictions
rngFinderPitch = 0.0f; // pitch angle of laser range finder in radians. Zero is aligned with the Z body axis. Positive is RH rotation about Y body axis.
EAS2TAS = 1.0f;
+ a1 = 0.0f; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about X axis (rad)
+ a2 = 0.0f; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about Y axis (rad)
+ a3 = 0.0f; // optical flow sensor misalgnment angle about Z axis (rad)
yawVarScale = 1.0f;
windVelSigma = 0.1f;
@@ -141,7 +82,7 @@ public:
accelProcessNoise = 0.5f;
}
- struct {
+ struct mag_state_struct {
unsigned obsIndex;
float MagPred[3];
float SH_MAG[9];
@@ -157,7 +98,12 @@ public:
float magZbias;
float R_MAG;
Mat3f DCM;
- } magstate;
+ };
+
+ struct mag_state_struct magstate;
+ struct mag_state_struct resetMagState;
+
+
// Global variables
@@ -166,6 +112,7 @@ public:
float P[n_states][n_states]; // covariance matrix
float Kfusion[n_states]; // Kalman gains
float states[n_states]; // state matrix
+ float resetStates[n_states];
float storedStates[n_states][data_buffer_size]; // state vectors stored for the last 50 time steps
uint32_t statetimeStamp[data_buffer_size]; // time stamp for each state vector stored
@@ -175,6 +122,7 @@ public:
float statesAtMagMeasTime[n_states]; // filter satates at the effective measurement time
float statesAtVtasMeasTime[n_states]; // filter states at the effective measurement time
float statesAtRngTime[n_states]; // filter states at the effective measurement time
+ float statesAtOptFlowTime[n_states]; // States at the effective optical flow measurement time
Vector3f correctedDelAng; // delta angles about the xyz body axes corrected for errors (rad)
Vector3f correctedDelVel; // delta velocities along the XYZ body axes corrected for errors (m/s)
@@ -183,6 +131,8 @@ public:
float accNavMag; // magnitude of navigation accel (- used to adjust GPS obs variance (m/s^2)
Vector3f earthRateNED; // earths angular rate vector in NED (rad/s)
Vector3f angRate; // angular rate vector in XYZ body axes measured by the IMU (rad/s)
+ Vector3f lastGyroOffset; // Last gyro offset
+ Vector3f delAngTotal;
Mat3f Tbn; // transformation matrix from body to NED coordinates
Mat3f Tnb; // transformation amtrix from NED to body coordinates
@@ -196,18 +146,22 @@ public:
float varInnovVelPos[6]; // innovation variance output
float velNED[3]; // North, East, Down velocity obs (m/s)
+ float accelGPSNED[3]; // Acceleration predicted by GPS in earth frame
float posNE[2]; // North, East position obs (m)
float hgtMea; // measured height (m)
float baroHgtOffset; ///< the baro (weather) offset from normalized altitude
float rngMea; // Ground distance
- float posNED[3]; // North, East Down position (m)
float innovMag[3]; // innovation output
float varInnovMag[3]; // innovation variance output
Vector3f magData; // magnetometer flux radings in X,Y,Z body axes
+ float losData[2]; // optical flow LOS rate measurements (rad/sec)
float innovVtas; // innovation output
float innovRng; ///< Range finder innovation
+ float innovOptFlow[2]; // optical flow LOS innovations (rad/sec)
+ float varInnovOptFlow[2]; // optical flow innovations variances (rad/sec)^2
float varInnovVtas; // innovation variance output
+ float varInnovRng; // range finder innovation variance
float VtasMeas; // true airspeed measurement (m/s)
float magDeclination; ///< magnetic declination
double latRef; // WGS-84 latitude of reference point (rad)
@@ -218,8 +172,6 @@ public:
unsigned covSkipCount; // Number of state prediction frames (IMU daya updates to skip before doing the covariance prediction
// GPS input data variables
- float gpsCourse;
- float gpsVelD;
double gpsLat;
double gpsLon;
float gpsHgt;
@@ -236,12 +188,21 @@ public:
bool fuseMagData; // boolean true when magnetometer data is to be fused
bool fuseVtasData; // boolean true when airspeed data is to be fused
bool fuseRngData; ///< true when range data is fused
+ bool fuseOptFlowData; // true when optical flow data is fused
+
+ bool inhibitWindStates; // true when wind states and covariances are to remain constant
+ bool inhibitMagStates; // true when magnetic field states and covariances are to remain constant
+ bool inhibitGndHgtState; // true when the terrain ground height offset state and covariances are to remain constant
bool onGround; ///< boolean true when the flight vehicle is on the ground (not flying)
bool staticMode; ///< boolean true if no position feedback is fused
bool useAirspeed; ///< boolean true if airspeed data is being used
bool useCompass; ///< boolean true if magnetometer data is being used
bool useRangeFinder; ///< true when rangefinder is being used
+ bool useOpticalFlow; // true when optical flow data is being used
+
+ bool ekfDiverged;
+ uint64_t lastReset;
struct ekf_status_report current_ekf_state;
struct ekf_status_report last_ekf_error;
@@ -263,7 +224,7 @@ void FuseAirspeed();
void FuseRangeFinder();
-void FuseOpticalFlow();
+void FuseOptFlow();
void zeroRows(float (&covMat)[n_states][n_states], uint8_t first, uint8_t last);
@@ -289,7 +250,7 @@ int RecallStates(float *statesForFusion, uint64_t msec);
void ResetStoredStates();
-void quat2Tbn(Mat3f &Tbn, const float (&quat)[4]);
+void quat2Tbn(Mat3f &TBodyNed, const float (&quat)[4]);
void calcEarthRateNED(Vector3f &omega, float latitude);
@@ -299,9 +260,9 @@ static void quat2eul(float (&eul)[3], const float (&quat)[4]);
static void calcvelNED(float (&velNED)[3], float gpsCourse, float gpsGndSpd, float gpsVelD);
-static void calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], double lat, double lon, float hgt, double latRef, double lonRef, float hgtRef);
+void calcposNED(float (&posNED)[3], double lat, double lon, float hgt, double latRef, double lonRef, float hgtRef);
-static void calcLLH(float (&posNED)[3], float lat, float lon, float hgt, float latRef, float lonRef, float hgtRef);
+static void calcLLH(float posNED[3], double &lat, double &lon, float &hgt, double latRef, double lonRef, float hgtRef);
static void quat2Tnb(Mat3f &Tnb, const float (&quat)[4]);
@@ -321,7 +282,7 @@ void ConstrainStates();
void ForceSymmetry();
-int CheckAndBound();
+int CheckAndBound(struct ekf_status_report *last_error);
void ResetPosition();
@@ -333,8 +294,7 @@ void GetFilterState(struct ekf_status_report *state);
void GetLastErrorState(struct ekf_status_report *last_error);
-bool StatesNaN(struct ekf_status_report *err_report);
-void FillErrorReport(struct ekf_status_report *err);
+bool StatesNaN();
void InitializeDynamic(float (&initvelNED)[3], float declination);
@@ -342,6 +302,10 @@ protected:
bool FilterHealthy();
+bool GyroOffsetsDiverged();
+
+bool VelNEDDiverged();
+
void ResetHeight(void);
void AttitudeInit(float ax, float ay, float az, float mx, float my, float mz, float declination, float *initQuat);
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.cpp b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77cc1eeeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+
+#include "estimator_utilities.h"
+
+// Define EKF_DEBUG here to enable the debug print calls
+// if the macro is not set, these will be completely
+// optimized out by the compiler.
+//#define EKF_DEBUG
+
+#ifdef EKF_DEBUG
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+static void
+ekf_debug_print(const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", "[ekf]");
+ vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
+
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+}
+
+void
+ekf_debug(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+ va_list args;
+
+ va_start(args, fmt);
+ ekf_debug_print(fmt, args);
+}
+
+#else
+
+void ekf_debug(const char *fmt, ...) { while(0){} }
+#endif
+
+float Vector3f::length(void) const
+{
+ return sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z);
+}
+
+void Vector3f::zero(void)
+{
+ x = 0.0f;
+ y = 0.0f;
+ z = 0.0f;
+}
+
+Mat3f::Mat3f() :
+ x{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f},
+ y{0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f},
+ z{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}
+{
+}
+
+void Mat3f::identity() {
+ x.x = 1.0f;
+ x.y = 0.0f;
+ x.z = 0.0f;
+
+ y.x = 0.0f;
+ y.y = 1.0f;
+ y.z = 0.0f;
+
+ z.x = 0.0f;
+ z.y = 0.0f;
+ z.z = 1.0f;
+}
+
+Mat3f Mat3f::transpose(void) const
+{
+ Mat3f ret = *this;
+ swap_var(ret.x.y, ret.y.x);
+ swap_var(ret.x.z, ret.z.x);
+ swap_var(ret.y.z, ret.z.y);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+// overload + operator to provide a vector addition
+Vector3f operator+( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = vecIn1.x + vecIn2.x;
+ vecOut.y = vecIn1.y + vecIn2.y;
+ vecOut.z = vecIn1.z + vecIn2.z;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+// overload - operator to provide a vector subtraction
+Vector3f operator-( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = vecIn1.x - vecIn2.x;
+ vecOut.y = vecIn1.y - vecIn2.y;
+ vecOut.z = vecIn1.z - vecIn2.z;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+// overload * operator to provide a matrix vector product
+Vector3f operator*( Mat3f matIn, Vector3f vecIn)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = matIn.x.x*vecIn.x + matIn.x.y*vecIn.y + matIn.x.z*vecIn.z;
+ vecOut.y = matIn.y.x*vecIn.x + matIn.y.y*vecIn.y + matIn.y.z*vecIn.z;
+ vecOut.z = matIn.x.x*vecIn.x + matIn.z.y*vecIn.y + matIn.z.z*vecIn.z;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+// overload * operator to provide a matrix product
+Mat3f operator*( Mat3f matIn1, Mat3f matIn2)
+{
+ Mat3f matOut;
+ matOut.x.x = matIn1.x.x*matIn2.x.x + matIn1.x.y*matIn2.y.x + matIn1.x.z*matIn2.z.x;
+ matOut.x.y = matIn1.x.x*matIn2.x.y + matIn1.x.y*matIn2.y.y + matIn1.x.z*matIn2.z.y;
+ matOut.x.z = matIn1.x.x*matIn2.x.z + matIn1.x.y*matIn2.y.z + matIn1.x.z*matIn2.z.z;
+
+ matOut.y.x = matIn1.y.x*matIn2.x.x + matIn1.y.y*matIn2.y.x + matIn1.y.z*matIn2.z.x;
+ matOut.y.y = matIn1.y.x*matIn2.x.y + matIn1.y.y*matIn2.y.y + matIn1.y.z*matIn2.z.y;
+ matOut.y.z = matIn1.y.x*matIn2.x.z + matIn1.y.y*matIn2.y.z + matIn1.y.z*matIn2.z.z;
+
+ matOut.z.x = matIn1.z.x*matIn2.x.x + matIn1.z.y*matIn2.y.x + matIn1.z.z*matIn2.z.x;
+ matOut.z.y = matIn1.z.x*matIn2.x.y + matIn1.z.y*matIn2.y.y + matIn1.z.z*matIn2.z.y;
+ matOut.z.z = matIn1.z.x*matIn2.x.z + matIn1.z.y*matIn2.y.z + matIn1.z.z*matIn2.z.z;
+
+ return matOut;
+}
+
+// overload % operator to provide a vector cross product
+Vector3f operator%( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = vecIn1.y*vecIn2.z - vecIn1.z*vecIn2.y;
+ vecOut.y = vecIn1.z*vecIn2.x - vecIn1.x*vecIn2.z;
+ vecOut.z = vecIn1.x*vecIn2.y - vecIn1.y*vecIn2.x;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+// overload * operator to provide a vector scaler product
+Vector3f operator*(Vector3f vecIn1, float sclIn1)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = vecIn1.x * sclIn1;
+ vecOut.y = vecIn1.y * sclIn1;
+ vecOut.z = vecIn1.z * sclIn1;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+// overload * operator to provide a vector scaler product
+Vector3f operator*(float sclIn1, Vector3f vecIn1)
+{
+ Vector3f vecOut;
+ vecOut.x = vecIn1.x * sclIn1;
+ vecOut.y = vecIn1.y * sclIn1;
+ vecOut.z = vecIn1.z * sclIn1;
+ return vecOut;
+}
+
+void swap_var(float &d1, float &d2)
+{
+ float tmp = d1;
+ d1 = d2;
+ d2 = tmp;
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.h b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d1f47b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/estimator_utilities.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define GRAVITY_MSS 9.80665f
+#define deg2rad 0.017453292f
+#define rad2deg 57.295780f
+#define pi 3.141592657f
+#define earthRate 0.000072921f
+#define earthRadius 6378145.0
+#define earthRadiusInv 1.5678540e-7
+
+class Vector3f
+{
+private:
+public:
+ float x;
+ float y;
+ float z;
+
+ Vector3f(float a=0.0f, float b=0.0f, float c=0.0f) :
+ x(a),
+ y(b),
+ z(c)
+ {}
+
+ float length(void) const;
+ void zero(void);
+};
+
+class Mat3f
+{
+private:
+public:
+ Vector3f x;
+ Vector3f y;
+ Vector3f z;
+
+ Mat3f();
+
+ void identity();
+ Mat3f transpose(void) const;
+};
+
+Vector3f operator*(float sclIn1, Vector3f vecIn1);
+Vector3f operator+( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
+Vector3f operator-( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
+Vector3f operator*( Mat3f matIn, Vector3f vecIn);
+Mat3f operator*( Mat3f matIn1, Mat3f matIn2);
+Vector3f operator%( Vector3f vecIn1, Vector3f vecIn2);
+Vector3f operator*(Vector3f vecIn1, float sclIn1);
+
+void swap_var(float &d1, float &d2);
+
+enum GPS_FIX {
+ GPS_FIX_NOFIX = 0,
+ GPS_FIX_2D = 2,
+ GPS_FIX_3D = 3
+};
+
+struct ekf_status_report {
+ bool error;
+ bool velHealth;
+ bool posHealth;
+ bool hgtHealth;
+ bool velTimeout;
+ bool posTimeout;
+ bool hgtTimeout;
+ bool imuTimeout;
+ uint32_t velFailTime;
+ uint32_t posFailTime;
+ uint32_t hgtFailTime;
+ float states[32];
+ unsigned n_states;
+ bool angNaN;
+ bool summedDelVelNaN;
+ bool KHNaN;
+ bool KHPNaN;
+ bool PNaN;
+ bool covarianceNaN;
+ bool kalmanGainsNaN;
+ bool statesNaN;
+ bool gyroOffsetsExcessive;
+ bool covariancesExcessive;
+ bool velOffsetExcessive;
+};
+
+void ekf_debug(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/module.mk b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/module.mk
index 6fefec2c2..36d854ddd 100644
--- a/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/module.mk
+++ b/src/modules/ekf_att_pos_estimator/module.mk
@@ -39,4 +39,7 @@ MODULE_COMMAND = ekf_att_pos_estimator
SRCS = ekf_att_pos_estimator_main.cpp \
ekf_att_pos_estimator_params.c \
- estimator.cpp
+ estimator_23states.cpp \
+ estimator_utilities.cpp
+
+EXTRACXXFLAGS = -Weffc++