1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
3839
3840
3841
3842
3843
3844
3845
3846
3847
3848
3849
3850
3851
3852
3853
3854
3855
3856
3857
3858
3859
3860
3861
3862
3863
3864
3865
3866
3867
3868
3869
3870
3871
3872
3873
3874
3875
3876
3877
3878
3879
3880
3881
3882
3883
3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
3889
3890
3891
3892
3893
3894
3895
3896
3897
3898
3899
3900
3901
3902
3903
3904
3905
3906
3907
3908
3909
3910
3911
3912
3913
|
<html>
<head>
<title>NuttX</title>
</head>
<body background="backgd.gif">
<hr><hr>
<table width ="100%">
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NuttX RTOS</i></font></big></h1>
<p>Last Updated: December 20, 2012</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr><hr>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<center><table width ="80%">
<tr>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#overview">Overview</a>.<br>
What is NuttX? Look at all those files and features... How can it be a tiny OS?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#group">NuttX Discussion Group</a>.<br>
Do you want to talk about NuttX features? Do you need some help? Problems? Bugs?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#downloads">Downloads</a>.<br>
Where can I get NuttX? What is the current development status?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#platforms">Supported Platforms</a>.<br>
What target platforms has NuttX been ported to?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#environments">Development Environments</a>.<br>
What kinds of host cross-development platforms can be used with NuttX?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#footprint">Memory Footprint</a>.<br>
Just how big is it? Do I have enough memory to use NuttX?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#licensing">Licensing</a>.<br>
Are there any licensing restrictions for the use of NuttX? (Almost none)
Will there be problems if I link my proprietary code with NuttX? (No)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#history">Release History</a><br>
What has changed in the last release of NuttX?
What unreleased changes are pending in SVN?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#TODO">Bugs, Issues, <i>Things-To-Do</i></a>.<br>
Software is never finished nor ever tested well enough.
(Do you want to help develop NuttX? If so, send me an email).
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#documentation">Other Documentation</a>.<br>
What other NuttX documentation is available?
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#trademarks">Trademarks</a>.<br>
Some of the words used in this document belong to other people.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="overview"><h1>Overview</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
<b>Goals</b>.
NuttX is a real timed embedded operating system (RTOS).
Its goals are:
<p>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Small Footprint</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Usable in all but the tightest micro-controller environments,
The focus is on the tiny-to-small, deeply embedded environment.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Rich Feature OS Set</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
The goal is to provide implementations of most standard POSIX OS interfaces
to support a rich, multi-threaded development environment for deeply embedded
processors.
</p>
NON-GOALS: (1) It is not a goal to provide the level of OS features like those provided by Linux.
In order to work with smaller MCUs, small footprint must be more important than an extensive feature set.
But standard compliance is more important than small footprint.
Surely a smaller RTOS could be produced by ignoring standards.
Think of NuttX is a tiny Linux work-alike with a much reduced feature set.
(2) There is no MMU-based support for processes.
At present, NuttX assumes a flat address space.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Highly Scalable</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Fully scalable from tiny (8-bit) to moderate embedded (32-bit).
Scalability with rich feature set is accomplished with:
Many tiny source files, link from static libraries, highly configurable, use of
weak symbols when available.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Standards Compliance</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
NuttX strives to achieve a high degree of standards compliance.
The primary governing standards are POSIX and ANSI standards.
Additional standard APIs from Unix and other common RTOS's are
adopted for functionality not available under these standards
or for functionality that is not appropriate for the deeply-embedded
RTOS (such as <code>fork()</code>).
</p>
<p>
Because of this standards conformance, software developed under other
standard OSs (such as Linux) should port easily to NuttX.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Real-Time</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Fully pre-emptible, fixed priority and round-robin scheduling.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Totally Open</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Non-restrictive BSD license.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>GNU Toolchains</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Compatible GNU toolchains based on <a href="http://buildroot.uclibc.org/">buildroot</a>
available for
<a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/">download</a>
to provide a complete development environment for many architectures.
</p>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p>
<b>Feature Set</b>.
Key features of NuttX include:
<p>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Standards Compliant Core Task Management</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Fully pre-emptible.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Naturally scalable.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Highly configurable.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
Easily extensible to new processor architectures, SoC architecture, or board architectures.
A <a href="NuttXPortingGuide.html">Porting Guide</a> is available.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>FIFO and round-robin scheduling.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Realtime, deterministic, with support for priority inheritance</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>POSIX/ANSI-like task controls, named message queues, counting semaphores, clocks/timers, signals, pthreads, environment variables, filesystem.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>VxWorks-like task management and watchdog timers.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>BSD socket interface.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Extensions to manage pre-emption.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Optional tasks with address environments (<i>Processes</i>).</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Inheritable "controlling terminals" and I/O re-direction.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>On-demand paging.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<li>System logging.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>May be built either as an open, flat embedded RTOS or as a separtely built, secure micro-kernel with a system call interface.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Well documented in the NuttX <a href="NuttXUserGuide.html">User Guide</a>.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>File system</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Tiny, in-memory, root pseudo-file-system.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Virtual file system supports drivers and mountpoints.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
Mount-able volumes. Bind mountpoint, filesystem, and block device driver.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Generic system logging (SYSLOG) support.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
FAT12/16/32 filesystem support with optional FAT long file name support<small><sup>1</sup></small>.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
NFS Client. Client side support for a Network File System (NFS, version 3, UDP).
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
NXFFS. The tiny NuttX wear-leveling FLASH file system.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>ROMFS filesystem support.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
A <a href="NuttXBinfmt.html">binary loader</a> with support for the following formats:
<ul>
<li>Separately linked ELF modules.</li>
<li>
Separately linked <a href="NuttXNxFlat.html">NXFLAT</a> modules.
NXFLAT is a binary format that can be XIP from a file system.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>PATH variable support.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p><small>
<sup>1</sup>
FAT long file name support may be subject to certain Microsoft patent restrictions if enabled.
See the top-level <code>COPYING</code> file for details.
</small></p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Device Drivers</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Supports character and block drivers as well as specialized driver interfaces.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
Network, USB (host), USB (device), serial, CAN, ADC, DAC, PWM, Quadrature Encoder, and watchdog timer driver architectures.
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
RAMDISK, pipes, FIFO, <code>/dev/null</code>, <code>/dev/zero</code>, <code>/dev/random</code>, and loop drivers.
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Generic driver for SPI-based or SDIO-based MMC/SD/SDH cards.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li><a href="NuttXPortingGuide.html#pwrmgmt">Power management</a> sub-system.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>ModBus support provided by built-in <a href="http://freemodbus.berlios.de/">FreeModBus</a> version 1.5.0.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>C/C++ Libraries</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Standard C Library Fully integrated into the OS.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Includes floating point support via a Standard Math Library.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Add-on <a href="http://cxx.uclibc.org/">uClibc++</a> module provides Standard C++ Library (LGPL).</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Networking</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>TCP/IP, UDP, ICMP, IGMPv2 (client) stacks.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>SLIP</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>A port cJSON</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Small footprint (based on uIP).</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>BSD compatible socket layer.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Networking utilities (DHCP server and client, SMTP client, TELNET client, FTP server and client, TFTP client, HTTP server and client). Inheritable TELNET sessions (as "controlling terminal")</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
NFS Client. Client side support for a Network File System (NFS, version 3, UDP).
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
A NuttX port of Jeff Poskanzer's <a href="http://acme.com/software/thttpd">THTTPD</a> HTTP server
integrated with the NuttX <a href="NuttXBinfmt.html">binary loader</a> to provide true, embedded CGI.
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
UDP Network Discover (Contributed by Richard Cochran).
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
XML RPC Server (Contributed by Richard Cochran).
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>FLASH Support</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li><i>MTD</i>-inspired interface for <i>M</i>emory <i>T</i>echnology <i>D</i>evices.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li><i>FTL</i>. Simple <i>F</i>lash <i>T</i>ranslation <i>L</i>ayer support file systems on FLASH.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>NXFFS. the NuttX wear-leveling FLASH file system.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Support for SPI-based FLASH and FRAM devices.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>USB Host Support</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>USB host architecture for USB host controller drivers and device-dependent USB class drivers.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>USB host controller drivers available for the NXP LPC17xx.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Device-dependent USB class drivers available for USB mass storage and HID keyboard.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>USB Device Support</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li><i>Gadget</i>-like architecture for USB device controller drivers and device-dependent USB class drivers.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>USB device controller drivers available for the PIC32, NXP LPC17xx, LPC214x, LPC313x, LPC43xx, STMicro STM32 and TI DM320.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Device-dependent USB class drivers available for USB serial (CDC/ACM and a PL2303 emulation), for USB mass storage, and for a composite CDC/ACM and mass storage device.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Built-in <a href="UsbTrace.html">USB trace</a> functionality for USB debug.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Graphics Support</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Framebuffer drivers.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>LCD drivers for both parallel and SPI LCDs and OLEDs.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
NX: A graphics library, tiny windowing system and tiny font support that works with either framebuffer or LCD drivers.
Documented in the <a href="NXGraphicsSubsystem.html">NX Graphics Subsystem</a>
manual.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Font management sub-system.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
<a href="NxWidgets.html">NxWidgets</a>: NXWidgets is library of graphic objects, or "widgets," (labels, buttons, text boxes, images, sliders, progress bars, etc.). NXWidgets is written in C++ and integrates seamlessly with the NuttX NX graphics and font management subsystems.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>
<a href="NxWidgets.html">NxWM</a>: NxWM is the tiny NuttX window manager based on NX and NxWidgets.
</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Input Devices</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Touchscreen, USB keyboard, GPIO-based buttons and keypads. </li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Analog Devices</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Support for Analog-to-Digital conversion (ADC), Digital-to-Analog conversion (DAC), multiplexers, and amplifiers.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Motor Control</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>Pulse width modulation (PWM) / Pulse count modulation.</li>
</p>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p>
<b>NuttX Add-Ons</b>.
The following packages are available to extend the basic NuttX feature set:
</p>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>NuttShell (NSH)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>A small, scalable, bash-like shell for NuttX with rich feature set and small footprint.
See the <a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell User Guide</a>.</li>
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Pascal Compiler with NuttX runtime P-Code interpreter add-on</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<li>The Pascal add-on is available for download from the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/">SourceForge</a>
website.</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p>
<b>Look at all those files and features... How can it be a tiny OS?</b>.
The NuttX feature list (above) is fairly long and if you look at the NuttX
source tree, you will see that there are hundreds of source files comprising
NuttX. How can NuttX be a tiny OS with all of that?
</p>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Lots of Features -- More can be smaller!</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
The philosophy behind that NuttX is that lots of features are great... <i>BUT</i>
also that if you don't use those features, then you should not have to pay a penalty
for the unused features.
And, with NuttX, you don't! If you don't use a feature, it will not
be included in the final executable binary.
You only have to pay the penalty of increased footprint for the features
that you actually use.
</p>
<p>
Using a variety of technologies, NuttX can scale from the very tiny to
the moderate-size system. I have executed NuttX with some simple applications
in as little as 32K <i>total</i> memory (code and data).
On the other hand, typical, richly featured NuttX builds require more like 64K
(and if all of the features are used, this can push 100K).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Many, many files -- More really is smaller!</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
One may be intimidated by the size NuttX source tree. There are hundreds of source files!
How can that be a tiny OS?
Actually, the large number of files is one of the tricks to keep NuttX small and
as scalable as possible.
Most files contain only a single function.
Sometimes just one tiny function with only a few lines of code.
Why?
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>Static Libraries</b>.
Because in the NuttX build processed, objects are compiled and saved into
<i>static libraries</i> (<i>archives</i>).
Then, when the file executable is linked, only the object files that are needed
are extracted from the archive and added to the final executable.
By having many, many tiny source files, you can assure that no code that you do
not execute is ever included in the link.
And by having many, tiny source files you have better granularity --
if you don't use that tiny function of even just a few lines of code, it will
not be included in the binary.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Other Tricks</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
As mentioned above, the use of many, tiny source files and linking from static
libraries keeps the size of NuttX down.
Other tricks used in NuttX include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>Configuration Files</b>.
Before you build NuttX, you must provide a configuration file that specifies
what features you plan to use and which features you do not.
This configuration file contains a long list of settings that control
what is built into NuttX and what is not.
There are hundreds of such settings
(see the <a href="NuttXPortingGuide.html#apndxconfigs">NuttX Porting Guide</a>
for a partial list that excludes platform specific settings).
These many, many configuration options allow NuttX to be highly tuned to
meet size requirements.
The downside to all of these configuration options is that it greatly
complicates the maintenance of NuttX -- but that is my problem, not yours.
</li>
<li>
<b>Weak Symbols</b>
The GNU toolchain supports <i>weak</i> symbols and these also help to keep
the size of NuttX down.
Weak symbols prevent object files from being drawn into the link even if they
are accessed from source code.
Careful use of weak symbols is another trick for keep unused code out of the
final binary.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="group"><h1>NuttX Discussion Group</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
Most NuttX-related discussion occurs on the <a href="http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/nuttx/" target="_top"><i>Yahoo!</i> NuttX group</a>.
You are cordially invited to <a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/nuttx/join" target="_top">join</a>.
I make a special effort to answer any questions and provide any help that I can.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="downloads"><h1>Downloads</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2>NuttX-6.24 Release Notes</h2>
<p>
The 91<sup>st</sup> release of NuttX, Version 6.24, was made on December 20, 2012, and is available for download from the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/">SourceForge</a> website.
Note that the release consists of two tarballs: <code>nuttx-6.24.tar.gz</code> and <code>apps-6.24.tar.gz</code>.
Both may be needed (see the top-level <code>nuttx/README.txt</code> file for build information)
The change log associated with the release is available <a href="#currentrelease">here</a>.
Unreleased changes after this release are available in SVN.
These unreleased changes are also listed <a href="#pendingchanges">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
This release corresponds with SVN release number: r5447,
Note that all SVN information has been stripped from the tarballs.
If you need the SVN configuration, you should check out directly from SVN.
Revision r5447 should equivalent to release 6.24 of NuttX:
</p>
<ul><pre>
svn checkout -r5447 svn://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk nuttx-code
</pre></ul>
<p>Or (HTTP):</p>
<ul><pre>
svn checkout -r5447 http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk nuttx-code
</pre></ul>
<p>
<b>Additional new features and extended functionality</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<b>RTOS</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Implemented the POSIX <code>pause()</code> function (still has some compiance issues).
</li>
<li>
Tasking logic is extended to support the notion of address environments.
An address environment is the key notion underlying "process" vs. tasks.
If tasks are created with address environments (by <code>binfmt</code>), the OS will propogate that environment to child threads and will destroy the address environment when all threads in the "process" exists.
</li>
<li>
If support for the <code>PATH</code> variable is enabled, the OS start up logic will create an initial environment containing the default <code>PATH</code> setting (<code>CONFIG_PATH_INITIAL</code>).
This initial <code>PATH</code> will then be inherited by all tasks.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b><code>Binfmt</code></b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
The NuttX binary loaders have been updated to support the <code>PATH</code> environment variable.
Now, if the <code>PATH</code> is properly defined, programs can be executed from mass storage using only the file name.
This feature is added to support more standard behavior (eventually, NSH will support execution of programs in file systems by just entering the file name, perhaps in 6.25?).
</li>
<li>
The NXFLAT and ELF binary loaders have been extended to create address environments for any new tasks executed from the file system.
This feature requires that the architecture support a memory management unit (MMU) and the address environment interfaces declared in <code>include/nuttx/arch.h</code> (currently, this is only supported by the z180).
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Drivers</b>:
LCD driver for the Univision UG-2864AMBAG01 OLED
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>STM32</b>:
Support for STM32F100 high density chips contributed by Freddie Chopin.
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>STM32 Drivers</b>:
Added optional RS-485 direction bit control (from Freddie Chopin).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>STM32 Boards</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Support for generic STM32F100RC board contributed by Freddie Chopin.
</li>
<li>
<code>stm32f4discovery/nxlines</code>: STM32F4Discovery support for the UG-2864AMBAG01 OLED.
</li>
<li>
<code>stm32f4discovery/winbuild</code>: A version of the NuttX OS test configured to build natively on Windows.
</li>
<li>
<code>stm32f4discovery/elf</code>: Now uses the <code>PATH</code> variable to find ELF executables.
</li>
<li>
<code>configs/cloudctrl</code>: Added for Darcy Gong's <i>CloudController</i> board
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>PIC32 Boards</b>:
Update the <i>Mirtoo</i> configuration for Release 2 of the <i>Mirtoo</i> module.
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b><i>Calypso</i></b>:
Add <i>Calypso</i> keypad driver (from Denis Carilki).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>ZiLOG</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Add support for the z180 chip family and, specifically, for the P112 retro hardware (see <a href="http://p112.feedle.net/">http://p112.feedle.net/</a>).
</li>
<li>
All ZiLOG configurations updated to use the current ZDS-II and/or SDCC toolchains.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Graphics</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Add a semaphore handshake so that operations on buffers from the NXMU client will be blocked until the NX server operates on the buffer data (from Petteri Aimonen).
</li>
<li>
<code>nxtk_subwindowmove()</code> and <code>nxtk_getwindow()</code>: Improvements to clipping logic from Petteri Aimonen.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>C Library</b>:
<code>lib/</code> sub-directory renamed <code>libc/</code> (there is a new <code>lib/</code> sub-directory that is used to hold all archives).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>C++</b>:
Exception stubs from Petteri Aimonen.
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Applications</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Add NSH hexdump command to dump the contents of a file (or character device) to the console (contributed by Petteri Aimonen).
</li>
<li>
Extend the NSH <code>ifconfig</code> command plus various DHCPC improvements (from Darcy Gong).
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>apps/examples</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>ostest</code>: Replace large tables with algorithmic prime number generation.
This allows the roundrobin test to run on platforms with minimal SRAM (Freddie Chopin).
</li>
<li>
<code>keypadtest</code>: A new keypad test example contributed by Denis Carikli.
</li>
<li>
<code>elf</code> and <code>nxflat</code>: If <code>CONFIG_BINFMT_EXEPATH</code> is defined, these examples will now use a relative path to the program and expect the <code>binfmt/</code> logic to find the absolute path to the program using the <code>PATH</code> variable.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Build system</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
New top-level Makefiles: <code>Makefile.unix</code> and <code>Makefile.win</code> (along with numerous changes to other make-related files).
This adds basic support for building NuttX natively under Windows from a <code>CMD.exe</code> window (rather than in a POSIX-like environment).
This build: (1) Uses all Windows style paths, (2) Uses primarily Windows batch commands from <code>CMD.exe</code>, with (3) a few extensions from <i>GNUWin32</i>.
</p>
<p>
This capability should still be considered a work in progress because: (1) it has not been verfied on all targets and tools, and (2) still lacks some of the creature-comforts of the more mature environments (like a function <code>configure.sh</code> script and <code>make menuconfig</code> support).
</li>
<li>
Example Windows native builds for STM32F4Discovery, eZ80, z16f, z8, Z80, and Z180.
</li>
<li>
Several configurations have been converted to work the <code>kconfig-frontends</code> <code>mconf</code> configuration tool: <code>stm32f4discovery/nxlines</code>, and all eZ80, z16f, z8, Z80, and Z180 configurations.
</li>
<li>
Architectures now include a common <code>Toolchain.defs</code> file that can be used to manage toolchains in a more configurable way (most of this contributed by Mike Smith).
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Build tools</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Renamed <code>tools/winlink.sh</code> to <code>tools/copydir.sh</code>.
</li>
<li>
Several new tools/scripts to support the Windows native build: <code>tools/mkdeps.bat</code>, <code>tools/mkdeps.c</code>, <code>tools/link.bat</code>, <code>tools/unlink.bat</code>, and <code>tools/ copydir.bat</code>.
</li>
<li>
<code>tools/incdir.sh</code> and <code>tools/incdir.bat</code> now support an <code>-s</code> option to generate system header file paths.
</li>
<li>
<code>tools/b16.c</code>: Fixed precision math conversion utility.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>Bugfixes</b> (see the change log for details).
Some of these are very important (marked <b><i>critical</i></b>):
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<b>RTOS</b>:
Fix some backward conditional compilation in the work queue logic (Freddie Chopin).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>File System</b>:
Uninitialized variable caused assertions (from Lorenz Meier).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Drivers</b>:
Partial fix for STM32 OTG FS device drivers and fix for short, unaligned writes in the flash translation layer (<code>drivers/mtd/ftl.c</code>), both from Petteri Aimonen.
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>STM32 Drivers</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Qencoder driver and TIM3 driver fixes from Ryan Sundberg.
</li>
<li>
Fix timeout delay calculation in the STM32 OTG FS host driver.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>LPC17xx Drivers</b>:
Resources not being properly released when I2C driver is un-initialized.
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Graphics</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
Fix logic when the mouse drags outside of the window; fix another "blocked message" handling case (both from Petteri Aimonen).
</li>
<li>
<code>nxtk_filltrapwindow()</code>: Correct an offset problem (also from Peterri Aimonen).
</li>
<li>
<code>nxglib_splitline()</code>: Correct the "fat flat line" bug.
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>C Library</b>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<code>nrand()</code> changes to prevent coefficients from becoming zero which would "lock up" the random number generate.
</li>
<li>
Add rounding functions to the math library (contributed by Petteri Aimonen).
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Build system</b>:
Changes to MIN definitions in all <code>limit.h</code> header files to avoid integer overflows.
For example from (-128) to (-127 - 1) (from Petteri Aimonen).
</li>
<li>
<p>
<b>Applications</b>:
Modbus fixes from Freddie Chopin.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
As well as other, less critical bugs.
See the <a href="#currentrelease">ChangeLog</a> for additional, detailed changes.
</p>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="platforms"><h1>Supported Platforms</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
The short story (Number of ports follow in parentheses).
The state of the various ports vary from board-to-board.
Follow the links for the details:
</p>
<center><table width="90%">
<ul>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#e4e4e4" valign="top">
<li><a href="#linuxusermode">Linux user mode simulation</a> (1)</li>
<li>ARM
<ul>
<li><a href="#arm7tdmi">ARM7TDMI</b></a> (5)</li>
<li><a href="#arm920t">ARM920T</a> (1) </li>
<li><a href="#arm926ejs">ARM926EJS</a> (3) </li>
<li><a href="#armcortexm3">ARM Cortex-M3</a> (16)</li>
<li><a href="#armcortexm4">ARM Cortex-M4</a> (5)</li>
</ul>
<li>Atmel AVR
<ul>
<li><a href="#atmelavr">Atmel 8-bit AVR</a> (3) </li>
<li><a href="#atmelavr32">Atmel AVR32</a> (1) </li>
</ul>
</li>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#e4e4e4" valign="top">
<li>Freescale <a href="#m68hcs12">M68HCS12</a> (2) </li>
<li>Intel
<ul>
<li><a href="#8052">Intel 8052 Microcontroller</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="#80x86">Intel 80x86</a> (2)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>MicroChip <a href="#pic32mips">PIC32MX</a> (MIPS) (4)</li>
<li>Renesas/Hitachi:
<ul>
<li><a href="#superh">Renesas/Hitachi SuperH</a> (1/2)</li>
<li><a href="#m16c">Renesas M16C/26</a> (1/2)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#e4e4e4" valign="top">
<li>ZiLOG
<ul>
<li><a href="#zilogz16f">ZiLOG Z16F</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="#zilogez80acclaim">ZiLOG eZ80 Acclaim!</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="#zilogz8encore">ZiLOG Z8Encore!</a> (2)</li>
<li><a href="#zilogz180">ZiLOG Z180</a> (1)</li>
<li><a href="#zilogz80">ZiLOG Z80</a> (2)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</tr>
</table></center>
<p>The details, caveats and fine print follow:</p>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="linuxusermode"><b>Linux User Mode</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
A user-mode port of NuttX to the x86 Linux/Cygwin platform is available.
The purpose of this port is primarily to support OS feature development.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Does not support interrupts but is otherwise fully functional.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="arm7tdmi"><b>ARM7TDMI</b></a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>TI TMS320C5471</b> (also called <b>C5471</b> or <b>TMS320DA180</b> or <b>DA180</b>).
NuttX operates on the ARM7 of this dual core processor.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.spectrumdigital.com/">Spectrum Digital</a>
evaluation board with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete, verified, and included in the initial NuttX release.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>TI Calypso</b>.
This port supports the TI "Calypso" MCU used in various cell phones (and, in particular,
by the <a href="http://bb.osmocom.org/trac/">Osmocom-bb project</a>).
Like the c5471, NuttX operates on the ARM7 of this dual core processor.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port was contributed by Denis Carilki and includes the work of Denis Carikli, Alan Carvalho de Assis, and Stefan Richter.
Calypso support first appeared in NuttX-6.17 with LCD drivers.
Support for the Calypso keyboard was added in NuttX-6.24 by Denis Carilki.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>NXP LPC214x</b>.
Support is provided for the NXP LPC214x family of processors. In particular,
support is provided for the mcu123.com lpc214x evaluation board (LPC2148).
This port also used the GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port boots and passes the OS test (apps/examples/ostest).
The port is complete and verified. As of NuttX 0.3.17, the port includes:
timer interrupts, serial console, USB driver, and SPI-based MMC/SD card
support. A verified NuttShell (<a href="NuttShell.html">NSH</a>)
configuration is also available.
</p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>NXP LPC2378</b>.
Support is provided for the NXP LPC2378 MCU. In particular,
support is provided for the Olimex-LPC2378 development board.
This port was contributed by Rommel Marcelo is was first released in NuttX-5.3.
This port also used the GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port boots and passes the OS test (apps/examples/ostest) and includes a
working implementation of the NuttShell (<a href="NuttShell.html">NSH</a>).
The port is complete and verified.
As of NuttX 5.3, the port includes only basic timer interrupts and serial console support.
</p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b> (Same as for the NXP LPC214x).
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STR71x</b>.
Support is provided for the STMicro STR71x family of processors. In particular,
support is provided for the Olimex STR-P711 evaluation board.
This port also used the GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Integration is complete on the basic port (boot logic, system time, serial console).
Two configurations have been verified: (1) The board boots and passes the OS test
with console output visible on UART0, and the NuttShell (<a href="NuttShell.html">NSH</a>)
is fully functional with interrupt driven serial console. An SPI driver is available
but only partially tested. Additional features are needed: USB driver, MMC integration,
to name two (the slot on the board appears to accept on MMC card dimensions; I have only
SD cards).
An SPI-based ENC28J60 Ethernet driver for add-on hardware is available and
but has not been fully verified on the Olimex board (due to issues powering the ENC28J60 add-on board).
</p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="arm920t"><b>ARM920T</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Freescale MC9328MX1</b> or <b>i.MX1</b>.
This port uses the Freescale MX1ADS development board with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain*
under either Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port has stalled due to development tool issues.
Coding is complete on the basic port (timer, serial console, SPI).
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="arm926ejs"><b>ARM926EJS</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>TI TMS320DM320</b> (also called <b>DM320</b>).
NuttX operates on the ARM9 of this dual core processor.
This port uses the
<a href="http://wiki.neurostechnology.com/index.php/Developer_Welcome">Neuros OSD</a>
with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
The port was performed using the OSD v1.0, development board.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port (timer interrupts, serial ports, network, framebuffer, etc.) is complete.
All implemented features have been verified with the exception of the USB device-side
driver; that implementation is complete but untested.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<b>NXP <a href="http://ics.nxp.com/products/lpc3000/lpc313x.lpc314x.lpc315x/">LPC3131</a></b>.
The port for the NXP LPC3131 on the <a href="http://www.embeddedartists.com/products/kits/lpc3131_kit.php">Embedded Artists EA3131</a>
development board was first released in NuttX-5.1 with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf or arm-eabi toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin
(but was not functional until NuttX-5.2).
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic EA3131 port is complete and verified in NuttX-5.2
This basic port includes basic boot-up, serial console, and timer interrupts.
This port was extended in NuttX 5.3 with a USB high speed driver contributed by David Hewson.
David also contributed I2C and SPI drivers plus several important LPC313x USB bug fixes
that appear in the NuttX 5.6 release.
This port has been verified using the NuttX OS test, USB serial and mass storage
tests and includes a working implementation of the NuttShell (<a href="NuttShell.html">NSH</a>).
</p>
<p>
Support for <a href="NuttXDemandPaging.html">on-demand paging</a> has been developed for the EA3131.
That support would all execute of a program in SPI FLASH by paging code sections out of SPI flash as needed.
However, as of this writing, I have not had the opportunity to verify this new feature.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<b>NXP <a href="http://ics.nxp.com/products/lpc3000/lpc313x.lpc314x.lpc315x/">LPC315x</a></b>.
Support for the NXP LPC315x family has been incorporated into the code base as of NuttX-6.4.
Support has added for the Embedded Artists EA3152 board in NuttX-6.11.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Basic support is in place for both the LPC3152 MCU and the EA3152 board.
Verification of the port was deferred due to tool issues
However, because of the high degree of compatibility between the LPC313x and LPC315x family, it
is very likely that the support is in place (or at least very close).
At this point, verification of the EA3152 port has been overcome by events and
may never happen.
However, the port is available for anyone who may want to use it.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="armcortexm3"><b>ARM Cortex-M3</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>TI Stellaris LM3S6432</b>.
This is a port of NuttX to the Stellaris RDK-S2E Reference Design Kit and the MDL-S2E Ethernet to Serial module
(contributed by Mike Smith).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Luminary/TI Stellaris LM3S6918</b>.
This port uses the <a href=" http://www.micromint.com/">Micromint</a> Eagle-100 development
board with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under either Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The initial, release of this port was included in NuttX version 0.4.6.
The current port includes timer, serial console, Ethernet, SSI, and microSD support.
There are working configurations the NuttX OS test, to run the <a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell
(NSH)</a>, the NuttX networking test, and the uIP web server.
</p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Luminary/TI Stellaris LM3S6965</b>.
This port uses the Stellaris LM3S6965 Ethernet Evalution Kit with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain*
under either Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port was released in NuttX 5.5.
Features are the same as with the Eagle-100 LM3S6918 described above.
The apps/examples/ostest configuration has been successfully verified and an
NSH configuration with Telnet support is available.
MMC/SD and Networking support was not been thoroughly verified:
Current development efforts are focused on porting the NuttX window system (NX)
to work with the Evaluation Kits OLED display.
</p>
<p><small>
<b>NOTE</b>: As it is configured now, you MUST have a network connected.
Otherwise, the NSH prompt will not come up because the Ethernet
driver is waiting for the network to come up.
</small></p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b> See the Eagle-100 LM3S6918 above.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Luminary/TI Stellaris LM3S8962</b>.
This port uses the Stellaris EKC-LM3S8962 Ethernet+CAN Evalution Kit with a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain*
under either Linux or Cygwin.
Contributed by Larry Arnold.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port was released in NuttX 5.10.
Features are the same as with the Eagle-100 LM3S6918 described above.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Luminary/TI Stellaris LM3S9B96</b>.
Header file support was contributed by Tiago Maluta for this part.
Jose Pablo Rojas V. is currently using those header file changes to port NuttX to the TI/Stellaris EKK-LM3S9B96.
With any luck, that port should be working and available in the NuttX-6.20 release.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>TI Stellaris LM3S6432S2E</b>.
This port uses Serial-to-Ethernet Reference Design Kit (<a href="http://www.ti.com/tool/rdk-s2e">RDK-S2E</a>)
and has similar support as for the other Stellaris family members.
Configurations are available for the OS test and for the NuttShell (NSH)
(see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
The NSH configuration including networking support with a Telnet NSH console.
This port was contributed by Mike Smith.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port was will be released in NuttX 6.14.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM32F100x</b>.
Chip support for these STM32 "Value Line" family was contributed by Mike Smith and users have reported that they have successful brought up NuttX on there proprietary boards using this logic.
This logic was extended to support the <i>high density</i> STM32F100RC chips by Freddie Chopin
However, there is <i>no</i> specific board support for this chip families in the NuttX source tree.
There is, however, <i>generic</i> support for STM32F100RC boards.
</p>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM32F103x</b>.
Support for four MCUs and four board configurations are available.
MCU support includes all of the high density and connectivity line families.
Board supported is available specifically for: STM32F103ZET6, STM32F103RET6, STM32F103VCT, and STM32F103VET6.
Boards supported include:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
A port for the <a href=" http://www.st.com/">STMicro</a> STM3210E-EVAL development board that
features the STM32F103ZET6 MCU.
</li>
<li>
The ISOTEL NetClamps VSN V1.2 ready2go sensor network platform based on the
STMicro STM32F103RET6. Contributed by Uros Platise.
</li>
<li>
A port for the HY-Mini STM32v board. This board is based on the
STM32F103VCT chip. Contributed by Laurent Latil.
</li>
<li>
The M3 Wildfire development board (STM32F103VET6), version 2.
See <a href="http://firestm32.taobao.com">http://firestm32.taobao.com</a> (the current board is version 3).
</li>
</ol>
<p>
These ports uses a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under either Linux or Cygwin (with native Windows GNU
tools or Cygwin-based GNU tools).
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Basic Support/Drivers</b>.
The basic STM32 port was released in NuttX version 0.4.12. The basic port includes boot-up
logic, interrupt driven serial console, and system timer interrupts.
The 0.4.13 release added support for SPI, serial FLASH, and USB device.;
The 4.14 release added support for buttons and SDIO-based MMC/SD and verifed DMA support.
Verified configurations are available for NuttX OS test, the NuttShell (NSH) example,
the USB serial device class, and the USB mass storage device class example.
</li>
<li><b>NetClamps VSN</b>.
Support for the NetClamps VSN was included in version 5.18 of NuttX.
Uros Platise added support for timers, RTC, I2C, FLASH, extended power management
and other features.
</li>
<li><b>Additional Drivers</b>.
Additional drivers and configurations were added in NuttX 6.13 and later releases for the STM32 F1 and F4.
F1 compatible drivers include an Ethernet driver, ADC driver, DAC driver, PWM driver, IWDG, WWDG, and CAN drivers.
</li>
<li><b>M3 Wildfire</b>.
Support for the Wildfire board was included in version 6.22 of NuttX.
The board port is basically functional.
Not all features have been verified.
Support for FAT file system on an an SD card had been verified.
The ENC28J60 network is functional (but required lifting the chip select pin on the W25x16 part).
Customizations for the v3 version of the Wildfire board are selectable (but untested).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (RIDE7, CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM32F107x</b>.
Chip support for the STM32 F1 "Connectivity Line" family has been present in NuttX for some time and users have reported that they have successful brought up NuttX on there proprietary boards using this logic.
</p>
<p>
<b>Olimex STM32-P107</b>
Support for the <a href="https://www.olimex.com/dev/stm32-p107.html">Olimex STM32-P107</a> was contributed by Max Holtzberg and first appeared in NuttX-6.21. That port features the STMicro STM32F107VC MCU.
<ul>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Configurations for the basic OS test and NSH are available and verified.
Networking is functional.
</ul>
</p>
<p>
<b>Shenzhou IV</b>
Work is underway as of this writing to port NuttX to the Shenzhou IV development board (See <a href="http://www.armjishu.com">www.armjishu.com</a>) featuring the STMicro STM32F107VCT MCU.
If all goes according to plan, this port should be verified and available in NuttX-6.22.
<ul>
<b>STATUS:</b>
In progress.
The following have been verified:
(1) Basic Cortex-M3 port,
(2) Ethernet,
(3) On-board LEDs
</ul>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM32F207IG</b>.
Support for the STMicro STM3220G-EVAL development board was contributed by Gary Teravskis and first released in NuttX-6.16.
</p>
<ul>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The peripherals of the STM32 F2 family are compatible with the STM32 F4 family.
See discussion of the STM3240G-EVAL board below for further information.
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Atmel AT91SAM3U</b>.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.atmel.com/">Atmel</a> SAM3U-EK
development board that features the AT91SAM3U4E MCU.
This port uses a GNU arm-nuttx-elf or arm-eabi toolchain* under either Linux or Cygwin (with native Windows GNU
tools or Cygwin-based GNU tools).
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic SAM3U-EK port was released in NuttX version 5.1. The basic port includes boot-up
logic, interrupt driven serial console, and system timer interrupts.
That release passes the NuttX OS test and is proven to have a valid OS implementation.
A configuration to support the NuttShell is also included.
NuttX version 5.4 adds support for the HX8347 LCD on the SAM3U-EK board.
This LCD support includes an example using the
<a href=" http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NXGraphicsSubsystem.html">NX graphics system</a>.
NuttX version 6.10 adds SPI support.
</p>
<p>
Subsequent NuttX releases will extend this port and add support for SDIO-based SD cards and
USB device (and possible LCD support).
These extensions may or may not happen soon as my plate is kind of full now.
</p>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>NXP LPC1766, LPC1768, and LPC1769</b>.
Drivers are available for CAN, DAC, Ethernet, GPIO, GPIO interrupts, I2C, UARTs, SPI, SSP, USB host, and USB device.
Verified LPC17xx onfigurations are available for three boards.
<ul>
<li>
The Nucleus 2G board from <a href="http://www.2g-eng.com/">2G Engineering</a> (LPC1768),
</li>
<li>
The mbed board from <a href="http://mbed.org">mbed.org</a> (LPC1768, Contributed by Dave Marples), and
</li>
<li>
The LPC1766-STK board from <a href="http://www.olimex.com/">Olimex</a> (LPC1766).
</li>
<li>
The Embedded Artists base board with NXP LPCXpresso LPC1768.
</li>
<li>
The <a href="http://micromint.com/">Micromint</a> Lincoln60 board with an NXP LPC1769.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
The Nucleus 2G board, the mbed board, and the LPCXpresso all feature the NXP LPC1768 MCU;
the Olimex LPC1766-STK board features an LPC1766.
All use a GNU arm-nuttx-elf or arm-eabi toolchain* under either Linux or Cygwin (with native Windows GNU tools or Cygwin-based GNU tools).
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The following summarizes the features that has been developed and verified on individual LPC17xx-based boards.
These features should, however, be common and available for all LPC17xx-based boards.
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p><b>Nucleus2G LPC1768</b></p>
<ul>
<li>
Some initial files for the LPC17xx family were released in NuttX 5.6, but
</li>
<li>
The first functional release for the NXP LPC1768/Nucleus2G occured with NuttX 5.7 with
Some additional enhancements through NuttX-5.9.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
That initial, 5.6, basic release included <i>timer</i> interrupts and a <i>serial console</i> and was
verified using the NuttX OS test (<code>apps/examples/ostest</code>).
Configurations available include include a verified NuttShell (NSH) configuration
(see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
The NSH configuration supports the Nucleus2G's microSD slot and additional configurations
are available to exercise the the USB serial and USB mass storage devices.
However, due to some technical reasons, neither the SPI nor the USB device drivers are fully verified.
(Although they have since been verfiied on other platforms; this needs to be revisited on the Nucleus2G).
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>mbed LPC1768</b></p>
<ul>
<li>
Support for the mbed board was contributed by Dave Marples and released in NuttX-5.11.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
This port includes a NuttX OS test configuration (see <code>apps/examples/ostest</code>).
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>Olimex LPC1766-STK</b></p>
<ul>
<li>
Support for that Olimex-LPC1766-STK board was added to NuttX 5.13.
</li>
<li>
The NuttX-5.14 release extended that support with an <i>Ethernet driver</i>.
</li>
<li>
The NuttX-5.15 release further extended the support with a functional <i>USB device driver</i> and <i>SPI-based micro-SD</i>.
</li>
<li>
The NuttX-5.16 release added a functional <i>USB host controller driver</i> and <i>USB host mass storage class driver</i>.
</li>
<li>
The NuttX-5.17 released added support for low-speed USB devicers, interrupt endpoints, and a <i>USB host HID keyboard class driver</i>.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
Verified configurations are now available for the NuttX OS test,
for the NuttShell with networking and microSD support(NSH, see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>),
for the NuttX network test, for the <a href="http://acme.com/software/thttpd">THTTPD</a> webserver,
for USB serial deive and USB storage devices examples, and for the USB host HID keyboard driver.
Support for the USB host mass storage device can optionally be configured for the NSH example.
A driver for the <i>Nokia 6100 LCD</i> and an NX graphics configuration for the Olimex LPC1766-STK have been added.
However, neither the LCD driver nor the NX configuration have been verified as of the the NuttX-5.17 release.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>Embedded Artists base board with NXP LPCXpresso LPC1768</b></p>
<p>
An fully verified board configuration is included in NuttX-6.2.
The Code Red toolchain is supported under either Linux or Windows.
Verifed configurations include DHCPD, the NuttShell (NSH), NuttX graphis (NX), the NuttX OS test, THTTPD, and USB mass storage device.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>Micromint Lincoln60 board with an NXP LPC1769</b></p>
<p>
This board configuration was contributed and made available in NuttX-6.20.
As contributed board support, I am unsure of what all has been verfied and what has not.
See the Microment website for more information about the <a href="http://micromint.com/Products/lincoln60.html">Lincoln60</a> board.
More to come.
</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS
with Windows native toolchain (CodeSourcery devkitARM or Code Red), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux
or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a>
package.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="armcortexm4"><b>ARM Cortex-M4</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>FreeScale Kinetis K40</b>.
This port uses the Freescale Kinetis KwikStik K40.
Refer to the <a href="http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=KWIKSTIK-K40">Freescale web site</a> for further information about this board.
The Kwikstik is used with the FreeScale Tower System (mostly just to provide a simple UART connection)
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The unverified KwikStik K40 first appeared in NuttX-6.8
As of this writing, the basic port is complete but I accidentally locked my board during the initial bringup.
Further development is stalled unless I learn how to unlock the device (or until I get another K40).
Additional work remaining includes, among other things: (1) complete the basic bring-up,
(2) bring up the NuttShell NSH, (3) develop support for the SDHC-based SD card,
(4) develop support for USB host and device, and (2) develop an LCD driver.
NOTE: Some of these remaining tasks are shared with the K60 work described below.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>FreeScale Kinetis K60</b>.
This port uses the Freescale Kinetis TWR-K60N512 tower system.
Refer to the <a href="http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/prod_summary.jsp?code=TWR-K60N512-KIT">Freescale web site</a> for further information about this board.
The TWR-K60N51 includes with the FreeScale Tower System which provides (among other things) a DBP UART connection.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
As of this writing, the basic port is complete and passes the NuttX OS test.
An additional, validated configuration exists for the NuttShell (NSH, see the
<a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
This basic TWR-K60N512 first appeared in NuttX-6.8.
Ethernet and SD card (SDHC) drivers also exist:
The SDHC driver is partially integrated in to the NSH configuration but has some outstanding issues;
the Ethernet driver is completely untested.
Additional work remaining includes: (1) integrate the Ethernet and SDHC drivers, and (2) develop support for USB host and device.
NOTE: Most of these remaining tasks (excluding the Ethernet driver) are the same as the pending K40 tasks described above.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM3240G-EVAL</b>.
This port uses the STMicro STM3240G-EVAL board featuring the STM32F407IGH6 MCU.
Refer to the <a href="http://www.st.com/internet/evalboard/product/252216.jsp">STMicro web site</a> for further information about this board.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
<ul>
<li><b>NuttX-6.12</b>
The basic port is complete and first appeared in NuttX-6.12.
The initial port passes the NuttX OS test and includes a validated configuration for the NuttShell (NSH, see the
<a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>) as well as several other configurations.
</li>
<li><b>NuttX-6.13-6.16</b>
Additional drivers and configurations were added in NuttX 6.13-6.16.
Drivers include an Ethernet driver, ADC driver, DAC driver, PWM driver, CAN driver, F4 RTC driver, Quadrature Encoder, DMA, SDIO with DMA
(these should all be compatible with the STM32 F2 family and many should also be compatible with the STM32 F1 family as well).
</li>
<li><b>NuttX-6.16</b>
The NuttX 6.16 release also includes and logic for saving/restoring F4 FPU registers in context switches.
Networking intensions include support for Telnet NSH sessions and new configurations for DHPCD and the networking test (nettest).
</li>
<li><b>NuttX-6.17</b>
The USB OTG device controller driver, and LCD driver and a function I2C driver were added in NuttX 6.17.
</li>
<li><b>NuttX-6.18</b>
STM32 IWDG and WWDG watchdog timer drivers were added in NuttX 6.18 (should be compatible with F1 and F2).
An LCD driver and a touchscreen driver for the STM3240G-EVAL based on the STMPE811 I/O expander were also added in NuttX 6.18.
</li>
<li><b>NuttX-6.21</b>
A USB OTG host controller driver was added in NuttX 6.21.
</li>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>STMicro STM32F4-Discovery</b>.
This port uses the STMicro STM32F4-Discovery board featuring the STM32F407VGT6 MCU.
Refer to the <a href="http://www.st.com/internet/evalboard/product/252419.jsp">STMicro web site</a> for further information about this board.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port for the STM32F4-Discovery was contributed by Mike Smith and was first released in NuttX-6.14.
Drivers listed for the STM3240G-EVAL may be usable on this plaform as well.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>NXG Technologies LPC4330-Xplorer</b>.
This NuttX port is for the LPC4330-Xplorer board from NGX Technologies featuring the NXP LPC4330FET100 MCU.
See the <a href="http://shop.ngxtechnologies.com/product_info.php?cPath=21_37&products_id=104">NXG website</a> for further information about this board.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><b>NuttX-6.20</b>
The basic port is complete.
The OS test configuration and the basic NSH configurations are present and fully verified.
This includes verified support for: SYSTICK system time, pin and GPIO configuration, and a serial console.
</p>
<p>
Several drivers have been copied from the related LPC17xx port but require integration into the LPC43xx: ADC, DAC, GPDMA, I2C, SPI, and SSP.
The registers for these blocks are the same in both the LPC43xx and the LPC17xx and they should integrate into the LPC43xx very easily by simply adapting the clocking and pin configuration logic.
</p>
<p>
Other LPC17xx drivers were not brought into the LPC43xx port because these peripherals have been completely redesigned: CAN, Ethernet, USB device, and USB host.
</p>
<p>
So then there is no support for the following LPC43xx peripherals: SD/MMC, EMC, USB0,USB1, Ethernet, LCD, SCT, Timers 0-3, MCPWM, QEI, Alarm timer, WWDT, RTC, Event monitor, and CAN.
</p>
<p>
Some of these can be leveraged from other MCUs that appear to support the same peripheral IP:
<ul>
<li>
The LPC43xx USB0 peripheral appears to be the same as the USB OTG peripheral for the LPC31xx.
The LPC31xx USB0 device-side driver has been copied from the LPC31xx port but also integration into the LPC43xx (clocking and pin configuration).
It should be possible to complete poriting of this LPC31xx driver with a small porting effort.
</li>
<li>
The Ethernet block looks to be based on the same IP as the STM32 Ethernet and, as a result, it should be possible to leverage the NuttX STM32 Ethernet driver with a little more effort.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><b>NuttX-6.21</b>
Added support for a SPIFI block driver and for RS-485 option to the serial driver.
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU Cortex-M3 or 4 toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS with Windows native GNU Cortex-M3 or M4 toolchain (CodeSourcery or devkitARM), or 4) Native Windows. A DIY toolchain for Linux or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a> package.
I use FreeScale's <i>CodeWarrior</i> IDE only to work with the JTAG debugger built into the Kinetis boards.
I use the <i>Code Red</i> IDE with the some of the NXP parts and the <i>Atollic</i> toolchain with some of the STMicroelectronics parts.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="atmelavr"><b>Atmel AVR</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>SoC Robotics ATMega128</b>.
This port of NuttX to the Amber Web Server from <a href="http://www.soc-robotics.com/index.htm">SoC Robotics</a>
is partially completed.
The Amber Web Server is based on an Atmel ATMega128.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Work on this port has stalled due to toolchain issues. Complete, but untested
code for this port appears in the NuttX 6.5 release.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Micropendous 3 AT90USB64x</b> and <b>AT90USB6128x</b>.
This port of NuttX to the Opendous Micropendous 3 board. The Micropendous3 is
may be populated with an AT90USB646, 647, 1286, or 1287. I have only the AT90USB647
version for testing. This version have very limited memory resources: 64K of
FLASH and 4K of SRAM.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port was released in NuttX-6.5. This basic port consists only of
a "Hello, World!!" example that demonstrates initialization of the OS,
creation of a simple task, and serial console output.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>PJRC Teensy++ 2.0 AT90USB1286</b>.
This is a port of NuttX to the PJRC Teensy++ 2.0 board.
This board was developed by <a href="http://pjrc.com/teensy/">PJRC</a>.
The Teensy++ 2.0 is based on an Atmel AT90USB1286 MCU.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port was released in NuttX-6.5. This basic port consists of
a "Hello, World!!" example that demonstrates initialization of the OS,
creation of a simple task, and serial console output as well as a somewhat
simplified NuttShell (NSH) configuration (see the
<a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
</p>
<p>
An SPI driver and a USB device driver exist for the AT90USB as well
as a USB mass storage configureation. However, this configuration is not
fully debugged as of the NuttX-6.5 release.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p><b>AVR-Specific Issues</b>.
The basic AVR port is solid and biggest issue for using AVR is its tiny SRAM memory and its Harvard architecture.
Because of the Harvard architecture, constant data that resides to flash is inaccessible using "normal" memory reads and writes (only SRAM data can be accessed "normally").
Special AVR instructions are available for accessing data in FLASH, but these have not been integrated into the normal, general purpose OS.
</p>
<p>
Most NuttX test applications are console-oriented with lots of strings used for printf and debug output.
These strings are all stored in SRAM now due to these data accessing issues and even the smallest console-oriented applications can quickly fill a 4-8K memory.
So, in order for the AVR port to be useful, one of two things would need to be done:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
Don't use console applications that required lots of strings.
The basic AVR port is solid and your typical deeply embedded application should work fine.
Or,
</li>
<li>
Create a special version of printf that knows how to access strings that reside in FLASH (or EEPROM).
</li>
</ol>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Development Environments:</b>
1) Linux with native Linux GNU toolchain, 2) Cygwin/MSYS with Cygwin GNU toolchain, 3) Cygwin/MSYS with Windows native toolchain, or 4) Native Windows.
All testing, however, has been performed using the NuttX DIY toolchain for Linux or Cygwin is provided by the NuttX
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a> package.
As a result, that toolchain is recommended.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="atmelavr32"><b>Atmel AVR32</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>AV32DEV1</b>.
This port uses the www.mcuzone.com AVRDEV1 board based on the Atmel AT32UC3B0256 MCU.
This port requires a special GNU avr32 toolchain available from atmel.com website.
This is a windows native toolchain and so can be used only under Cygwin on Windows.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is has completed all basic development, but there is more that needs to be done.
All code is complete for the basic NuttX port including header files for all AT32UC3* peripherals.
The untested AVR32 code was present in the 5.12 release of NuttX.
Since then, the basic RTOS port has solidified:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
The port successfully passes the NuttX OS test (apps/examples/ostest).
</li>
<li>
A NuttShell (NSH) configuration is in place (see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
Testing of that configuration has been postponed (because it got bumped by the Olimex LPC1766-STK port).
Current Status: I think I have a hardware problem with my serial port setup.
There is a good chance that the NSH port is complete and functional, but I am not yet able to demonstrate that.
At present, I get nothing coming in the serial RXD line (probably because the pins are configured wrong or I have the MAX232 connected wrong).
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The basic, port (including the verified apps/examples/ostest configuration) was be released in NuttX-5.13.
A complete port will include drivers for additional AVR32 UC3 devices -- like SPI and USB --- and will be available in a later release,
time permitting.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="m68hcs12"><b>Freescale M68HCS12</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>MC9S12NE64</b>.
Support for the MC9S12NE64 MCU and two boards are included:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
The Freescale DEMO9S12NE64 Evaluation Board, and
</li>
<li>
The Future Electronics Group NE64 /PoE Badge board.
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Both use a GNU arm-nuttx-elf toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
The NuttX <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a> provides a properly patched GCC 3.4.4 toolchain that is highly optimized for the m9s12x family.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Coding is complete for the MC9S12NE64 and for the NE64 Badge board.
However, testing has not yet begun due to issues with BDMs, Code Warrior, and
the paging in the build process.
Progress is slow, but I hope to see a fully verified MC9S12NE64 port in the near future.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="8052"><b>Intel 8052 Microcontroller</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>PJRC 87C52 Development Board</b>.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.pjrc.com/">PJRC</a> 87C52 development system
and the <a href="http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/">SDCC</a> toolchain under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete but not stable with timer interrupts enabled.
There seems to be some issue when the stack pointer enters into the indirect IRAM
address space during interrupt handling.
This architecture has not been built in some time will likely have some compilation
problems because of SDCC compiler differences.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="80x86"><b>Intel 80x86</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>QEMU/Bifferboard i486</b>.
This port uses the <a href="http://wiki.qemu.org/Main_Page">QEMU</a> i486 and the native
Linux, Cywgin, MinGW the GCC toolchain under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port was code-complete in NuttX-5.19 and verifed in NuttX-6.0.
The port was verified using the OS and NuttShell (NSH) examples under QEMU.
The port is reported to be functional on the <a href="http://bifferos.bizhat.com">Bifferboard</a> as well.
This is a great, stable starting point for anyone interest in fleshing out the x86 port!
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>RGMP</b>.
RGMP stands for RTOS and GPOS on Multi-Processor.
RGMP is a project for running GPOS and RTOS simultaneously on multi-processor platforms
You can port your favorite RTOS to RGMP together with an unmodified Linux to form a hybrid operating system.
This makes your application able to use both RTOS and GPOS features.
</p>
<p>
See the <a href="http://rgmp.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">RGMP Wiki</a> for further information about RGMP.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This initial port of NuttX to RGMP was provided in NuttX-6.3.
This initial RGP port provides only minimal driver support and does not use the native NuttX interrupt system.
This is a great, stable starting point for anyone interest in working with NuttX under RGMP!
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="pic32mips"><b>MicroChip PIC32 (MIPS)</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p><b>PIC32MX250F128D</b>.
A port is in progress from the DTX1-4000L "Mirtoo" module from <a href="http://www.dimitech.com/" >Dimitech</a>.
This module uses MicroChip PIC32MX250F128D and the Dimitech DTX1-4000L EV-kit1 V2.
See the <a href="http://www.dimitech.com/">Dimitech</a> website for further information.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port is code complete.
Two configurations are available:
(1) An OS test configuration and a (2) configuration that support the NuttShell (NSH).
The OS test configuration is fully functional and proves that we have a basically healthy NuttX port to the Mirtoo.
The NSH configuration includes support for a serial console and for the SST25 serial FLASH and the PGA117 amplifier/multiplexer on board the module.
The NSH configuration is set up to use the NuttX wear-leveling FLASH file system (NXFFS).
The PGA117, however, is not yet fully integrated to support ADC sampling.
See the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a> for further information about NSH.
The first verified port to the Mirtoo module was available with the NuttX 6.20 release.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p><b>PIC32MX460F512L</b>. There one two board ports using this chip:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>PIC32MX Board from PCB Logic Design Co</b>.
This port is for the PIC32MX board from PCB Logic Design Co. and used the PIC32MX460F512L.
The board is a very simple -- little more than a carrier for the PIC32 MCU plus voltage regulation, debug interface, and an OTG connector.
</li>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port is code complete and fully verified in NuttX 6.13.
Available configurations include the OS test and the NuttShell (NSH - see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
</p>
<li><b>UBW32 Board from Sparkfun</b>
This is the port to the Sparkfun UBW32 board.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.sparkfun.com/products/8971">original v2.5</a> board which is based on the MicroChip PIC32MX460F512L.
This older version has been replaced with this <a href="http://www.sparkfun.com/products/9713">newer board</a>.
See also the <a href="http://www.schmalzhaus.com/UBW32/">UBW32</a> web site.
</li>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The basic port is code complete and fully verified in NuttX 6.18.
Available configurations include the OS test and the NuttShell (NSH - see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
USB has not yet been fully tested but on first pass appears to be functional.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>PIC32MX440F512H</b>.
This port uses the "Advanced USB Storage Demo Board," Model DB-DP11215, from <a href="http://www.sureelectronics.net">Sure Electronics</a>.
This board features the MicroChip PIC32MX440F512H.
See the <a href="http://www.sureelectronics.net/goods.php?id=1168">Sure website</a> for further information about the DB-DP11215 board.
(I believe that that the DB-DP11215 may be obsoleted now but replaced with the very similar, DB-DP11212.
The DB-DP11212 board differs, I believe, only in its serial port configuration.)
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This NuttX port is code complete and has considerable test testing.
The port for this board was completed in NuttX 6.11, but still required a few bug fixes before it will be ready for prime time.
The fully verified port first appeared in NuttX 6.13.
Available configurations include the OS test and the NuttShell (NSH - see the <a href="http://www.nuttx.org/Documentation/NuttShell.html">NSH User Guide</a>).
An untested USB device-side driver is available in the source tree.
A more complete port would include support of the USB OTG port and of the LCD display on this board.
Those drivers are not yet available as of this writing.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>PIC32MX795F512L</b>.
There one two board ports using this chip:
</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Microchip PIC32 Ethernet Starter Kit</b>.
This port uses the Microchip PIC32 Ethernet Starter Kit (DM320004) with the Expansion I/O board.
See the <a href="http://ww.microchip.com">Microchip website</a> for further information.
</li>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port was started and then shelved for some time until I received the Expansion I/O board.
The basic Starter Kit (even with the Multimedia Expansion Board, MEB, DM320005)) has no serial port and most NuttX test configurations depend heavily on console output.
</p>
<p>
Verified configurations for the OS test and the NuttShel (NSH) appeared in NuttX-6.16.
Board support includes a verified USB (device-side) driver.
Also included are a a verified Ethernet driver, a partially verified USB device controller driver, and an unverifed SPI driver.
Stay tuned for updates.
</p>
<li><b>Mikroelektronika PIC32MX7 Mulitmedia Board (MMB)</b>.
A port has been completed for the Mikroelektronika PIC32MX7 Multimedia Board (MMB).
See http://www.mikroe.com/ for further information about this board.
</li>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Two verified configurations are available:
(1) The basic OS test configuration that verfies the correctness port of NuttX, and (2) an extensive <a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell (NSH)</a> configuration.
The NSH configuration includes:
(1) Full network support,
(2) Verified SPI driver,
(3) SPI-based SD Card support,
(4) USB device support (including configuration options for the USB mass storage device and the CDC/ACM serial class), and
(5) Support for the MIO873QT2 LCD on the PIC32MX7 MMB.
</p>
</p>
The PIC32MX7 MMB's touchscreen is connected directly to the MCU via ADC pins.
A touchscreen driver has been developed using the PIC32's ADC capabilities and can be enabled in the NSH configuration.
However, additional verification and tuning of this driver is required.
Further display/touchscreen verification would require C++ support (for NxWidgets and NxWM).
Since I there is no PIC32 C++ is the free version of the MPLAB C32 toolchain, further graphics development is stalled.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Development Environment:</b>
These ports uses either:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
The <i>LITE</i> version of the PIC32MX toolchain available
for download from the <a href="http://www.microchip.com">MicroChip</a> website, or
</li>
<li>
The Pinguino MIPS ELF toolchain avaiable from the Pinquino <a href="http://code.google.com/p/pinguino32/downloads/list">website</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><br></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="superh"><b>Renesas/Hitachi SuperH</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>SH-1 SH7032</b>.
This port uses the Hitachi SH-1 Low-Cost Evaluation Board (SH1_LCEVB1), US7032EVB,
with a GNU ELF toolchain* under Linux or Cygwin.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is available as of release 0.3.18 of NuttX. The port is basically complete
and many examples run correctly. However, there are remaining instabilities that
make the port un-usable. The nature of these is not understood; the behavior is
that certain SH-1 instructions stop working as advertised. This could be a silicon
problem, some pipeline issue that is not handled properly by the gcc 3.4.5 toolchain
(which has very limit SH-1 support to begin with), or perhaps with the CMON debugger.
At any rate, I have exhausted all of the energy that I am willing to put into this cool
old processor for the time being.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="m16c"><b>Renesas M16C/26</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Renesas M16C/26 Microncontroller</b>.
This port uses the Renesas SKP16C26 Starter kit and the GNU M32C toolchain.
The development environment is either Linux or Cygwin under WinXP.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Initial source files released in nuttx-0.4.2.
At this point, the port has not been integrated; the target cannot be built
because the GNU <code>m16c-nuttx-elf-ld</code> link fails with the following message:
</p>
<ul>
<code>m32c-nuttx-elf-ld: BFD (GNU Binutils) 2.19 assertion fail /home/Owner/projects/nuttx/buildroot/toolchain_build_m32c/binutils-2.19/bfd/elf32-m32c.c:482</code>
</ul>
<p>Where the reference line is:</p>
<ul><pre>
/* If the symbol is out of range for a 16-bit address,
we must have allocated a plt entry. */
BFD_ASSERT (*plt_offset != (bfd_vma) -1);
</pre></ul>
<p>
No workaround is known at this time. This is a show stopper for M16C for
the time being.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="zilogz16f"><b>Zilog Z16F</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Zilog z16f Microncontroller</b>.
This port use the Zilog z16f2800100zcog development kit and the Zilog
ZDS-II Windows command line tools.
The development environment is Cygwin under WinXP.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
The initial release of support for the z16f was made available in NuttX version 0.3.7.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="zilogez80acclaim"><b>Zilog eZ80 Acclaim!</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Zilog eZ80Acclaim! Microncontroller</b>.
There are two eZ80Acclaim! ports:
</p>
<ul>
<li>One uses the ZiLOG ez80f0910200kitg development kit, and
<li>The other uses the ZiLOG ez80f0910200zcog-d development kit.
</ul>
<p>
Both boards are based on the eZ80F091 part and both use the Zilog ZDS-II
Windows command line tools.
The development environment is Cygwin under WinXP.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Integration and testing of NuttX on the ZiLOG ez80f0910200zcog-d is complete.
The first integrated version was released in NuttX version 0.4.2 (with important early bugfixes
in 0.4.3 and 0.4.4).
As of this writing, that port provides basic board support with a serial console, SPI, and eZ80F91 EMAC driver.
</p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="zilogz8encore"><b>Zilog Z8Encore!</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Zilog Z8Encore! Microncontroller</b>.
This port uses the either:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Zilog z8encore000zco development kit, Z8F6403 part, or</li>
<li>Zilog z8f64200100kit development kit, Z8F6423 part</li>
</ul>
<p>
and the Zilog ZDS-II Windows command line tools.
The development environment is Cygwin under WinXP.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This release has been verified only on the ZiLOG ZDS-II Z8Encore! chip simulation
as of nuttx-0.3.9.
</p>
<ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="zilogz180"><b>Zilog Z180</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>P112</b>.
The P112 is a hobbyist single board computer based on a 16MHz Z80182 with up to 1MB of memory, serial,
parallel and diskette IO, and realtime clock, in a 3.5-inch drive form factor..
The P112 computer originated as a commercial product of "D-X Designs Pty Ltd"[ of Australia.
</p>
</p>
Dave Brooks was successfully funded through Kickstarter for and another run of P112 boards in November of 2012.
In addition Terry Gulczynski makes additional P112 derivative hobbyist home brew computers.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Most of the NuttX is in port for both the Z80182 and for the P112 board.
Boards from Kickstarter project will not be available, however, until the first quarter of 2013.
So it will be some time before this port is verified on hardware.
</p>
<ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<a name="zilogz80"><b>Zilog Z80</b>.</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Z80 Instruction Set Simulator</b>.
This port uses the <a href="http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/">SDCC</a> toolchain
under Linux or Cygwin (verified using version 2.6.0).
This port has been verified using only a Z80 instruction simulator.
That simulator can be found in the NuttX SVN
<a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/misc/sims/z80sim/">here</a>.
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete and stable to the extent that it can be tested
using an instruction set simulator.
</p>
<ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td><hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>XTRS: TRS-80 Model I/III/4/4P Emulator for Unix</b>.
A very similar Z80 port is available for <a href="http://www.tim-mann.org/xtrs.html">XTRS</a>,
the TRS-80 Model I/III/4/4P Emulator for Unix.
That port also uses the <a href="http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/">SDCC</a> toolchain
under Linux or Cygwin (verified using version 2.6.0).
</p>
<ul>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Basically the same as for the Z80 instruction set simulator.
This port was contributed by Jacques Pelletier.
</p>
<ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<blockquote>* A highly modified <a href="http://buildroot.uclibc.org/">buildroot</a>
is available that may be used to build a NuttX-compatible ELF toolchain under
Linux or Cygwin. Configurations are available in that buildroot to support ARM, Cortex-M3,
avr, m68k, m68hc11, m68hc12, m9s12, blackfin, m32c, h8, and SuperH ports.</blockquote>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="environments"><h1>Development Environments</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<center><table width="90%">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Linux + GNU <code>make</code> + GCC/binutils for Linux</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
The is the most natural development environment for NuttX.
Any version of the GCC/binutils toolchain may be used.
There is a highly modified <a href="http://buildroot.uclibc.org/">buildroot</a>
available for download from the
<a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/">NuttX SourceForge</a>
page.
This download may be used to build a NuttX-compatible ELF toolchain under Linux or Cygwin.
That toolchain will support ARM, m68k, m68hc11, m68hc12, and SuperH ports.
The buildroot SVN may be accessed in the
<a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/misc/buildroot/">NuttX SVN</a>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Linux + GNU <code>make</code> + SDCC for Linux</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Also very usable is the Linux environment using the
<a href="http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/">SDCC</a> compiler.
The SDCC compiler provides support for the 8051/2, z80, hc08, and other microcontrollers.
The SDCC-based logic is less well exercised and you will likely find some compilation
issues if you use parts of NuttX with SDCC that have not been well-tested.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Windows with Cygwin + GNU <code>make</code> + GCC/binutils (custom built under Cygwin)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
This combination works well too.
It works just as well as the native Linux environment except that compilation and build times are a little longer.
The custom NuttX <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/nuttx/files/buildroot/">buildroot</a> referenced above may be build in the Cygwin environment as well.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Windows with Cygwin + GNU <code>make</code> + SDCC (custom built under Cygwin)</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
I have never tried this combination, but it would probably work just fine.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Windows with Cygwin + GNU <code>make</code> + Windows Native Toolchain</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
This is a tougher environment.
In this case, the Windows native toolchain is unaware of the
Cygwin <i>sandbox</i> and, instead, operates in the native Windows environment.
The primary difficulties with this are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>Paths</b>.
Full paths for the native toolchain must follow Windows standards.
For example, the path <code>/home/my\ name/nuttx/include</code> my have to be
converted to something like <code>'C:\cygwin\home\my name\nuttx\include'</code>
to be usable by the toolchain.
</li>
<p>
Fortunately, this conversion is done simply using the <code>cygpath</code> utility.
</p>
<li>
<b>Symbolic Links</b>
NuttX depends on symbolic links to install platform-specific directories in the build system.
On Linux, true symbolic links are used.
On Cygwin, emulated symbolic links are used.
Unfortunately, for native Windows applications that operate outside of the
Cygwin <i>sandbox</i>, these symbolic links cannot be used.
</li>
<p>
The NuttX make system works around this limitation by copying the platform
specific directories in place.
These copied directories make work a little more complex, but otherwise work well.
</p>
<p><small>
NOTE: In this environment, it should be possible to use the NTFS <code>mklink</code> command to create links.
This should only require a minor modification to the build scripts (see <code>tools/copydir.sh</code> script).
</small></p>
<li>
<b>Dependencies</b>
NuttX uses the GCC compiler's <code>-M</code> option to generate make dependencies. These
dependencies are retained in files called <code>Make.deps</code> throughout the system.
For compilers other than GCC, there is no support for making dependencies in this way.
For Windows native GCC compilers, the generated dependencies are windows paths and not
directly usable in the Cygwin make. By default, dependencies are surpressed for these
compilers as well.
</li>
<p><small>
NOTE: dependencies are suppress by setting the make variable <code>MKDEPS</code> to point
to the do-nothing dependency script, <code>tools/mknulldeps.sh</code>.
</small></p>
</ul>
<p>
<b>Supported Windows Native Toolchains</b>.
At present, the following Windows native toolchains are in use:
<ol>
<li>GCC built for Windows (such as CodeSourcery, Atollic, devkitARM, etc.),</li>
<li>SDCC built for Windows,</li>
<li> the ZiLOG XDS-II toolchain for Z16F, z8Encore, and eZ80Acclaim parts.</li>
</ol>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Windows Native (<code>CMD.exe</code>) + GNUWin32 (including GNU <code>make</code>) + MinGW Host GCC compiler + Windows Native Toolchain</b>
</td>
</tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
Build support has been added to support building natively in a Windes <code>CMD.exe</code> rather than in a POSIX-like environment.
</p>
<p>
This build:
</p>
<ol>
<li>Uses all Windows style paths</li>
<li>Uses primarily Windows batch commands from cmd.exe, with</li>
<li>A few extensions from GNUWin32</li>
</ol>
<p>
This capability first appeared in NuttX-6.24 and should still be considered a work in progress because: (1) it has not been verfied on all targets and tools, and (2) still lacks some of the creature-comforts of the more mature environments.
The windows native build logic initiatiated if <code>CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE=y</code> is defined in the NuttX configuration file:
</p>
<p>
At present, this build environment also requires:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b><code>CMD.exe</code> Shell</b>.
The build must be performed in a Windows <code>CMD.exe</code shell.
This may be the standard <code>cmd</code> shell that comes with Windows.
I prefer the ConEmu command shell which can be downloaded from:
http://code.google.com/p/conemu-maximus5/
</li>
<li>
<b>GNUWin32</b>.
The build still relies on some Unix-like commands.
I usethe GNUWin32 tools that can be downloaded from http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/.
See the top-level <code>nuttx/README.txt</code> file for some download, build, and installation notes.
</li>
<li>
<b>MinGW-GCC</b>.
MinGW-GCC is used to compiler the C tools in the <code>nuttx/tools</code> directory that are neede by the build.
MinGW-GCC can be downloaded from http://www.mingw.org/.
If you are using GNUWin32, then it is recommendedthe you not install the optional MSYS components as there may be conflicts.
</li>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Wine + GNU <code>make</code> + Windows Native Toolchain</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
I've never tried this one, but I off the following reported by an ez80 user using the ZiLOG ZDS-II Windows-native toolchain:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
"I've installed ZDS-II 5.1.1 (IDE for ez80-based boards) on wine (windows emulator for UNIX) and to my surprise, not many changes were needed to make SVN snapshot of NuttX buildable...
I've tried nsh profile and build process completed successfully.
One remark is necessary: NuttX makefiles for ez80 are referencing <code>cygpath</code> utility.
Wine provides similar thing called <code>winepath</code> which is compatible and offers compatible syntax.
To use that, <code>winepath</code> (which itself is a shell script) has to be copied as <code>cygpath</code> somewhere in <code>$PATH</code>, and edited as in following patch:
</p>
<ul><pre>
# diff -u `which winepath` `which cygpath`
--- /usr/bin/winepath 2011-05-02 16:00:40.000000000 +0200
+++ /usr/bin/cygpath 2011-06-22 20:57:27.199351255 +0200
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
#
# determine the app Winelib library name
-appname=`basename "$0" .exe`.exe
+appname=winepath.exe
# first try explicit WINELOADER
if [ -x "$WINELOADER" ]; then exec "$WINELOADER" "$appname" "$@"; fi
</pre></ul>
<p>
"Better solution would be replacing all <code>cygpath</code> references in <code>Makefiles </code> with <code>$(CONVPATH)</code> (or <code>${CONVPATH}</code> in shell scripts) and setting <code>CONVPATH</code> to <code>cygpath</code> or <code>winepath</code> regarding to currently used environment.
</p>
</blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td bgcolor="#5eaee1">
<b>Other Environments?</b>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br></td>
<td>
<p>
<b>Environment Dependencies</b>.
The primary environmental dependency of NuttX are (1) GNU make,
(2) bash scripting, and (3) Linux utilities (such as cat, sed, etc.).
If you have other platforms that support GNU make or make
utilities that are compatible with GNU make, then it is very
likely that NuttX would work in that environment as well (with some
porting effort). If GNU make is not supported, then some significant
modification of the Make system would be required.
</p>
<p>
<b>MSYS</b>.
I have not used MSYS but what I gather from talking with NuttX users is that MSYS can be used as an alternative to Cygwin in any of the above Cygwin environments.
This is not surprising since MSYS is based on an older version of Cygwin (cygwin-1.3).
MSYS has been modified, however, to interoperate in the Windows environment better than Cygwin and that may be of value to some users.
</p>
<p>
MSYS, however, cannot be used with the native Windows NuttX build because it will invoke the MSYS bash shell instead of the <code>CMD.exe</code> shell.
Use GNUWin32 in the native Windows build envionment.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="footprint"><h1>Memory Footprint</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<p><b>C5471 (ARM7)</b>
The build for this ARM7 target that includes most of the OS features and
a broad range of OS tests. The size of this executable as given by the
Linux <tt>size</tt> command is (3/9/07):
</p>
<pre>
text data bss dec hex filename
53272 428 3568 57268 dfb4 nuttx
</pre>
<p><b>DM320 (ARM9)</b>
This build for the ARM9 target includes a significant subset of OS
features, a filesystem, Ethernet driver, full TCP/IP, UDP and (minimal)
ICMP stacks (via uIP) and a small network test application: (11/8/07,
configuration netconfig, apps/examples/nettest)
</p>
<pre>
text data bss dec hex filename
49472 296 3972 53740 d1ec nuttx
</pre>
<p>
Another build for the ARM9 target includes a minimal OS feature
set, Ethernet driver, full TCP/IP and (minimal) ICMP stacks, and
a small webserver: (11/20/07, configuration uipconfig, apps/examples/uip)
</p>
<pre>
text data bss dec hex filename
52040 72 4148 56260 dbc4 nuttx
</pre>
<p><b>87C52</b>
A reduced functionality OS test for the 8052 target requires only
about 18-19K:
</p>
<pre>
Stack starts at: 0x21 (sp set to 0x20) with 223 bytes available.
Other memory:
Name Start End Size Max
---------------- -------- -------- -------- --------
PAGED EXT. RAM 0 256
EXTERNAL RAM 0x0100 0x02fd 510 7936
ROM/EPROM/FLASH 0x2100 0x6e55 19798 24384
</pre>
</ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="licensing"><h1>Licensing</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<p>
NuttX is available under the highly permissive
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_license">BSD license</a>.
Other than some fine print that you agree to respect the copyright
you should feel absolutely free to use NuttX in any environment and
without any concern for jeopardizing any proprietary software that
you may link with it.
</p>
</ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="history"><h1>Release History</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<p>
ChangeLog snapshots associated with the previous, current, and future release are available below.
</p>
</ul>
<center><table width ="80%">
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="ChangeLog.txt">Change logs for previous NuttX releases</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#currentrelease">ChangeLog for the current NuttX releases</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td>
<a href="#pendingchanges">Unreleased changes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table></center>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="currentrelease">ChangeLog for the Current Release</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul><pre>
nuttx-6.24 2012-12-20 Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* arch/arm/src/stm32: Support for STM32F100 high density chips
added by Freddie Chopin.
* configs/stm32f100_generic: Support for generic STM32F100RC board
contributed by Freddie Chopin.
* arch/arm/src/stm32_otgfsdev.c: Partial fix from Petteri Aimonen.
* drivers/lcd/ug-2864ambag01.c and include/nuttx/lcd/ug_2864ambag01.h:
LCD driver for the Univision OLED of the same name (untested on
initial check-in).
* configs/stm32f4discovery/nxlines: Configure to use mconf/Kconfig
tool.
* configs/stm32f4discovery/src/up_ug2864ambag01.c: Board-specific
initialization for UG-2864AMBAG01 OLED connecte to STM32F4Disovery.
* libxx/libxx_stdthrow.cxx: Exception stubs from Petteri Aimonen.
* configs/stm32f4discovery/src/up_ug2864ambag01.c: Driver has been
verified on the STM32F4Discovery platform. Some tuning of the
configuration could improve the presentation. Lower resolution displays
are also more subject to the "fat, flat line bug" that I need to fix
someday. See http://www.nuttx.org/doku.php?id=wiki:graphics:nxgraphics
for a description of the fat, flat line bug.
* libc: Renamed nuttx/lib to nuttx/libc to make space for a true lib/
directory that will be forthcoming. Also rename libraries: liblib.a -> libc.a,
libulib.a -> libuc.a, libklib.a -> libkc.a, liblibxx.a ->libcxx.a.
(I will probably, eventually rename libxx to libcxx for consistency)
* Makefile, lib/: A new, empty directory that will hold generated libraries.
This simplifies the library patch calculations and lets me get rid of some
bash logic. The change is functional, but only partially complete;
additional logic is needed in the arch/*/src/Makefile's as well. Right
now that logic generate multiple library paths, all pointing to the lib/
directory.
* arch/*/src/Makefile: Now uses only the libraries in lib/
Replace bash fragments that test for board/Makefile.
* Makefile.win: The beginnings of a Windows-native build. This is just
the beginning and not yet ready for prime time use.
* configs/stm32f4discovery/winbuild: This is a version of the standard
NuttX OS test, but configured to build natively on Windows. Its only
real purpose is to very the native Windows build logic.
* tools/mkdeps.bat and tools/mkdeps.c: mkdeps.bat is a failed attempt
to leverage mkdeps.sh to CMD.exe. It fails because the are certain
critical CFLAG values that cannot be passed on the CMD.exe command line
(like '='). mkdeps.c is a work in progress that will, hopefully,
replace both mkdeps.sh and mkdeps.bat.
* tools/Config.mk: Centralize the definition of the script that will be
used to generated header file include paths for the compiler. This
needs to be centralized in order to support the Windows native build.
* tools/incdir.bat: A replacement for tools/incdir.sh for use with the
the Windows native build.
* Makefile.unix: The existing top-level Makefile has been renamed
Makefile.unix.
* Makefile: This is a new top-level Makefile that just includes
either Makefile.unix or Makefile.win
* configs/stm3240g-eval/src: Qencoder fixes from Ryan Sundberg.
* arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32_qencoder.c: TIM3 bug fix from Ryan Sundberg.
* tools/mkromfsimg.sh: Correct typo in an error message (Ryan Sundberg)
* arch/*/src/Makefile: Remove tftboot install and creation of System.map
for Windows native build. The first is a necessary change, the second
just needs re-implemented.
* configs/mirtoo: Update Mirtoo pin definitions for Release 2. Provided
by Konstantin Dimitrov.
* Fixed an uninitialized variable in the file system that can cause
assertions if DEBUG on (contributed by Lorenz Meier).
* Config.mk: Defined DELIM to be either / or \, depending upon
CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE. This will allow me to eliminate a lot of
conditional logic elsewhere.
* nuttx/graphics: One a mouse button is pressed, continue to report all
mouse button events to the first window that received the the initial
button down event, even if the mouse attempts to drag outside the
window. From Petteri Aimonen.
* nuttx/graphics/nxmu/nx_block.c: One more fix to the NX block message
logic from Petteri Aimonen.
* include/nuttx/wqueue.h: Some basic definitions to support a user-
space work queue (someday in the future).
* graphics/nxmu: Add semaphores so buffers messages that send buffers
will block until the buffer data has been acted upon.
* graphics/nxmw: Extended the blocked messages to cover mouse movement
and redraw events. These will also cause problems if sent to a window
while it is closing.
* arch/several: Change UARTs are enabled for i.MX, LM3S, ez80, and M16C to
match how they are enabled for other architectures.
* configs/ez80f910200kitg: Convert to use mconf configuration.
* sched/pause.c: Implements the POSIX pause() function.
* ez80: Lots of changes to ez80 configurations and build logic as I
struggle to get a clean Windows build (still not working).
* configs/cloudctrl: Darcy Gong's CloudController board. This is a
small network relay development board. Based on the Shenzhou IV development
board design. It is based on the STM32F107VC MCU.
* arch/arm/src/stm32_serial.c and stm32_lowputc.c: Added optional RS-485
direction bit control. From Freddie Chopin.
* Lots of build files: ARMv7-M and MIPS32 Make.defs now include a common
Toolchain.defs file that can be used to manage toolchains in a more
configurable way. Contributed by Mike Smith
* configs/stm32f4discovery/winbuild and configs/cloudctrl: Adapted to use
Mike's Toolchain.defs.
* tools/configure.sh: Adapted to handle paths and setenv.bat files correctly
for native Windows builds.
* More of build files: AVR and AVR32 Make.defs now include a common
Toolchain.defs file that can be used to manage toolchains in a more
configurable way. Contributed by Mike Smith
* tools/incdir.sh and incdir.bat: Add -s option to generate system header
file paths.
* nuttx/arch/arm/src/arm/Toolchain.defs: Add support for more ARM toolchains
(from Mike Smith).
* arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32f40xxx_rcc.c: Enabled FLASH prefetch (from Petteri
Aimonen).
* graphics/nxtk/nxtk_filltrapwindow.c: Correct an offset problem (from
Peterri Aimonen).
* graphics/nxglib/nxglib_splitline.c: Fix error in drawing of near horizontal
lines (from Peterri Aimonen).
* sched/task_exithook.c: Missing right bracket with certain conditional
compilation (thanks James Goppert).
* arch/arm/srch/stm32/stm32_otgfshost.c: Replace timeout handling; use
system tick instead of frame counter. The frame counter gets reset to
zero at 0x3fff making it error prone.
* arch/arm/src/stm32/stm32f20xx_rcc.c and stm32f40xx_rcc.c: Added option
CONFIG_STM32_FLASH_PREFETCH. FLASH prefetch will now only be enabled
if this option is selected.
* confgs/ez80f910200zco/ostest: Now uses Kconfig/mconf configuration
tool. Updated to build in native Windows environment. Other ez80f910200zco
build scripts also updated.
* configs/z8f64200100kit/ostest: Update to same level as ez80 configurations.
* nuttx/configs/z8f64200100kit/scripts/setenv.bat: Add support for native
Windows build.
* nuttx/arch/arm/src/lpc17xx/lpc17_i2c.c: Resources not being released when
I2C is uninitialized.
* cloudctrl/src/up_chipid.c and shenzhou/src/up_chipid.c: Add functions to
get chip ID. Contributed by Darcy Gong. These should not be board-dependent,
but should be in arch/arm/src/stm32 where they can be used from any board.
* sched/work_thread.c: Fix backward conditional compilation. This might
has caused a memory leak. From Freddie Chopin.
* configs/<many>/Make.defs: Fix typo -wstrict-prototypes should be
-Wstrict-prototypes (From Denis Carilki).
* arch/arm/src/calapyso/calypso_keypad.c: Add Calypso keypad driver. From
Denis Carilki.
* z8encore000zco/ostest and z8f64200100kit/ostest: Converted to use Kconfig/
mconf configuration tool.
* arch/arm/src/armv7-m/up_exception.S: missing curly braces for push/pop
From Freddie Chopin.
* z8encore000zco/ostest and z8f64200100kit/ostest: Can now be modified to
support the Windows native builds (see corresponding README.txt files).
* configs/z16f2800100zcog - All configurations updated to use the ZDS-II
5.0.1 toolchain.
* configs/z16f2800100zcog - All configurations updated to use Kconfig/mconf
configuration tools.
* configs/z16f2800100zcog/ostest - Now supports a native Windows build
(other ZNEO configs may also support the native build, but this has not
been verfiied).
* include/nuttx/input/keypad.h, arch/arm/src/calypso/calypso_keypad.c, and
configs/compal_e99/nsh_highram: First cut at a standard keypad interface
definition. Contributed by Denis Carikli.
* libc/stdlib/lib_rand.c: Always add one to result congruential generators
to avoid the value zero. Suggested by Freddie Chopin.
* tools/b16.c: Fixed precision math conversion utility.
* graphics/nxglib/nxglib_splitline.c: Fix the "fat, flat line bug"
* arch/z80/src/*/Toolchain.defs: Add dummy Toolchain.defs files for the
z80 family.
* configs/z80sim/ostest: Converted to build with the Kconfig/mconf tool.
Current configuration failed to build for me (Ubuntu 12.10, SDCC 3.2.0
pre-built for Linux) due to a glibc memory corruptionerror in SDCC.
* configs/z80sim/ostest: Default is now the Windows native build. See
configs/z80sim/README.txt for instructions to convert back to a Linux or
or Cygwin build.
* arch/z80/src/Makefile.sdccw: Renamed makefiles with extensions zdiil,
zdiiw, sdccl, and sdccw for the ZDS-II vs SDCC compilers and for the
POSIX vs Windows native builds.
* nuttx/drivers/mtd/ftl.c: Fix for the flash translation layer. Short
unaligned writes were buggy. From Petteri Aimonen.
* nuttx/libc/math/lib_round*.c: Add rounding functions to the math
library. Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* include/cxx/cstdlib: Add stroul(). From Petteri Aimonen.
* arch/*/include/limits.h: Change signed minimum values from, for example,
(-128) to (-127 - 1) to avoid overflows under certain conditions. From
Peterri Aimonen.
* graphics/nxtk/nxtk_subwindowmove.c: Previously it was very difficult to
do e.g. "scroll by dx, dy". When given the full window area, nxtk_subwindowmove
would clip the offset always to 0,0. It makes more sense for it to clip the
source area and not modify the offset. From Petteri Aimonen.
* graphics/nxtk/nxtk_getwindow.c: Clipping would change the offset of returned
data, and caller has no way to know what the new offset would be. This messes
up font drawing when the text is partially out of window, e.g. when scrolling.
Also from Petteri Aimonen.
* include/stdbool.h: Can now be disabled for C++ files if CONFIG_C99_BOOL8 is
defined. CONFIG_C99_BOOL8 indicates (1) that the sizeof(_Bool) is one in both
C and C++, and (2) the the C compiler is C99 and supports the _Bool intrinsic
type. Requested by Freddie Chopin.
* include/stdlib/lib_rand.c: Various additional changes so that the integer
value zero can be returned. Requested by Freddie Chopin.
* arch/z80/src/Makefile.sdcc*, z80/up_mem.h: Redesign Z80 build so that it
no longer depends on Bash scripts.
* configs/z80sim/nsh and pashello: Converted to (1) use the kconfig-frontends
configuration tool, and (2) to build natively under Windows. The NSH
configuration is verified; the pashello configuration needs a more TLC.
* tools/copydir.sh: Rename tools/winlink.sh to tools/copydir.sh
* tools/link.bat, unlink.bat, and copydir.bat: Add Windows counterparts
to the link.sh, unlink.sh, and copydir.sh Bash scripts.
* configs/z80sim/pashello: Now builds correctly.
* configs/xtrs/ostest, nsh, and pashello: Converted to (1) use the kconfig-
frontends configuration tool, and (2) to build natively under Windows.
* drivers/serial/Kconfig and sched/Kconfig: Two names for same configuration:
CONFIG_LOWLEVEL_CONSOLE is bogus and CONFIG_DEV_LOWCONSOLE is in the wrong
Kconfig file. Moved to drivers/serial/Kconfig replacing CONFIG_LOWLEVEL_CONSOLE.
* arch/z80/include/z180: Add header files for z180 chips. Initial versions
are just clones of z80 header files.
* arch/z80/src/z180: Add source files for z180 chips. Initial versions
are just clones of z80 source files.
* include/nuttx/arch.h: Add address environment control interfaces (for use
with CPUs the provide MCUs and support process-like address environments).
* arch/z80/src/z180/z180_mmu.*: Add MMU support for z180 tasks.
* configs/p112: Add very basic board support and an examples/ostest
configuration for the venerable P112 board.
* sched/os_bringup.c: If CONFIG_PATH_INITIAL is defined, then the initial
environment of the task started by os_bringup() will have the PATH
environment variable defined to be that string.
* binfmt/binfmt_exepath.c: If CONFIG_BINFMT_EXEPATH is defined, then this
file will be built. It contains logic to search for regular files at
the absolutes paths found in the current PATH environment variable
setting. This is untested and not yet hooked into the binfmt exec()
logic on initial check-in
* binfmt/binfmt_loadmodule.c: load_module() will now traverse the PATH
variable to locate files from their relative path.
* include/nuttx/arch.h and arch/z80/src/z180/z180_mmu.c: Restructure the
address environment interfaces so that they will better integrate with
binfmt/.
* binfmt/libelf/*, binfmt/libnxflat/* and other files: Integrate the
address environment interfaces. If CONFIG_ADDRENV=y, then binfmt/
will now create an address environment for new tasks (instead of
just malloc'ing the task memory).
* configs/stm32f4discovery/elf: Enable support/test of the PATH
to find executables using a relative path.
apps-6.24 2012-12-20 Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* apps/examples/ostest/roundrobin.c: Replace large tables with
algorithmic prime number generation. This allows the roundrobin
test to run on platforms with minimal SRAM (Freddie Chopin).
* apps/nshlib/nsh_dbgcmds.c: Add hexdump command to dump the contents
of a file (or character device) to the console Contributed by Petteri
Aimonen.
* apps/examples/modbus: Fixes from Freddie Chopin
* apps/examples/modbus/Kconfig: Kconfig logic for FreeModBus contributed
by Freddie Chopin.
* Makefile, */Makefile: Various fixes for Windows native build. Now uses
make foreach loops instead of shell loops.
* apps/examples/elf/test/*/Makefile: OSX doesn't support install -D, use
mkdir -p then install without the -D. From Mike Smith.
* apps/examples/relays/Makefile: Reduced stack requirement (Darcy Gong).
* apps/nshlib and apps/netutils/dhcpc: Extend the NSH ifconfig command plus
various DHCPC improvements(Darcy Gong).
* apps/nshlib/nsh_apps.c: Fix compilation errors when CONFIG_NSH_DISABLEBG=y.
From Freddie Chopin.
* Rename CONFIG_PCODE and CONFIG_FICL as CONFIG_INTERPRETERS_PCODE and
CONFIG_INTERPRETERS_FICL for consistency with other configuration naming.
* apps/examples/keypadtest: A keypad test example contributed by Denis
Carikli.
* apps/examples/elf and nxflat: If CONFIG_BINFMT_EXEPATH is defined, these
tests will now use a relative path to the program and expect the binfmt/
logic to find the absolute path to the program using the PATH variable.
NxWidgets-1.4 2012-12-20 Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* libnxwidgets/Makefile, NxWidgets/nxwm/Makefile, and
NxWidgets/UnitTests/nxwm/Makefile: Makefile improvements from
submitted by Petteri Aimonen. Other Makefiles in the UnitTests
directory probably also need these changes.
* libnxwidgets/src/ccallback.cxx: Fix misplaced #endif. Provided
by Petteri Aimonen.
* libnxwidgets/src/cnxserver.cxx: Reduce delay to allow NX server
to start. One second was un-necessarily long. Reduced to 50 MS.
Reduction suggested by Petteri Aimonen.
* tools/bitmap_converter.py: This script converts from any image type
supported by Python imaging library to the RLE-encoded format used by
NxWidgets.
* NxWidgets/nxwm/src/capplicationwindow.cxx: If the "desktop" is empty,
users have no need to minimize any windows. If the buttons are small,
it's easy to hit minimize button accidentally when trying to close an
application. Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets/nxwm/src/ctaskbar.cxx: Add an option to eliminate the
background image. Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets/nxwm/src/chexcalculator.cxx and NxWidgets/nxwm/src/cstartwindow.cxx:
The config settings CONFIG_NXWM_STARTWINDOW_ICON and CONFIG_NXWM_HEXCALCULATOR_ICON
allow changing the icons used for these applications. However, to declare symbols
for these icons user would need to modify NxWidgets header files.
This commit adds a simple forward declaration to the relevant files, based on the
configured icon. If the icon does not exist, linker will give an error about it.
Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets::CTaskBar: Highlight the current window in the task bar.
Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets/libnxwidgets/src/glyph_cycle.cxx: Width of glyph_cycle was wrong;
Destructor needs to by public. From Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets::CNumericEdit. This is basically a label with plus and minus buttons.
Contributed by Petteri, Aimonen.
* NxWM::CStartWindow: Fix mq_receive error handling with signal is recieved.
From Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets::CNxTimer: Replace the original (apparently non-functional) signal-
based solution with a work queue-based solution. This raises some isses about
using the internal work queues from user space. I have decided to implemented
user-space work queues (someday) in order to accomplish that functionaliy.
Submitted by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets:CText and NxWidgets:CNumericEdite: Fix some memory freeing bugs
(from Petteri Aimonen).
* NxWidgets::CScrollingPanel: Usability improvements. It is borderless for now,
because there was no easy way to redraw only the required part of the border.
Contributed by Petteri Aimonen.
* NxWidgets::CNxWidgets and NxWM::CStartWindow: Small changes to make sub-
classing easier (from Petteri Aimonen).
uClibc++-1.0 2011-11-05 <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* The initial release of the uClibc++ implementation of the standard
C++ library for NuttX. This package was contributed ay Qiang Yu and
David for the RGMP team.
buildroot-1.11 2011-11-05 <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* configs/avr-defconfig-4.3.3 - Added --enable-long-long as a GCC
option.
* configs/avr-defconfig-4.5.2 - New configuration.
* Config.in and almost all configurations in configs/ - Changed the
default nuttx path to $(TOPDIR)/../../nuttx
* Misc files. Patch provided by Gerd v. Egidy that solves the following
problems
- binutils 2.21 is not available on the gnu servers anymore, they replaced
it with 2.21.1
- there is some assembler error when compiling gcc for arm, gcc bugzilla
43999
- you can't build nuttx for cortex m3/m4 because of a missing instruction
in the assembler, binutils bugzilla 12296
* Add support for binutils 2.22 and GCC 4.6.3.
* Change name of all tools from xxx-elf to xxx-nuttx-elf
* Added an ARM EABI GCC 4.6.3 configuration (tool name is arm-nuttx-eabi-).
* ldnxflat: Add support for the R_ARM_REL32 relocation. This relocation
type was not generated by GCC/LD prior to gcc-4.6.3
* R_ARM_REL32 logic is conditionally disabled because it has not been
tested.
* ldnxflat: Correct a memory allocation error that could cause written
past the end of allocated memory. Partial restoration of R_ARM_REL32
logic. There are lots of issues that I still do not understand here.
pascal-3.0 2011-05-15 Gregory Nutt <gnutt@nuttx.org>
* nuttx/: The Pascal add-on module now installs and builds under the
apps/interpreters directory. This means that the pascal-2.1 module is
incompatible with will all releases of NuttX prior to nuttx-6.0 where the
apps/ module was introduced.
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="pendingchanges">Unreleased Changes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li><b>nuttx-6.18</b>.
The ChangeLog for the not-yet-released version 6.18 is available at the bottom of the ChangeLog file that can viewed in the <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/nuttx/ChangeLog?view=log">SourceForge SVN</a>.
</li>
<li><b>apps-6.18</b>.
The ChangeLog for the not-yet-released version 6.18 is available at the bottom of the ChangeLog file that can viewed in the <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/apps/ChangeLog.txt?view=log">SourceForge SVN</a>.
</li>
<li><b>NxWidgets-1.1</b>.
The ChangeLog for the not-yet-released version 1.1 is available at the bottom of the ChangeLog file that can viewed in the <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/NxWidgets/ChangeLog?view=log">SourceForge SVN</a>.
</li>
<li><b>pascal-1.1</b>.
The ChangeLog for the not-yet-released version 1.1 is available at the bottom of the ChangeLog file that can viewed in the <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/misc/pascal/ChangeLog?view=log">SourceForge SVN</a>.
</li>
<li><b>buildroot-1.11</b>.
The ChangeLog for the not-yet-released version 1.11 is available at the bottom of the ChangeLog file that can viewed in the <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/misc/buildroot/ChangeLog?view=log">SourceForge SVN</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="TODO"><h1>Bugs, Issues, <i>Things-To-Do</i></h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<p>
The current list of NuttX <i>Things-To-Do</i> in SVN <a href="http://svn.code.sf.net/p/nuttx/code/trunk/nuttx/TODO?view=log">here</a>.
A snapshot of the <i>To-Do</i> list associated with the current release are available <a href="TODO.txt">here</a>.
</p>
</ul>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="documentation"><h1>Other Documentation</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXGettingStarted.html">Getting Started</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXUserGuide.html">User Guide</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXPortingGuide.html">Porting Guide</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttShell.html">NuttShell (NSH)</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXBinfmt.html">NuttX Binary Loader</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXNxFlat.html">NXFLAT Binary Format</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NXGraphicsSubsystem.html">NX Graphics Subsystem</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NxWidgets.html">NxWidgets</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttXDemandPaging.html">Demand Paging</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="README.html">NuttX README Files</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="ChangeLog.txt">Change Log</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="TODO.txt">To-Do List</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="22"><img height="20" width="20" src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="UsbTrace.html">USB Device Driver Tracing</a></td>
</tr>
</center></ul>
<small>
<table width ="100%">
<tr bgcolor="#e4e4e4">
<td>
<a name="trademarks"><h1>Trademarks</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>ARM, ARM7 ARM7TDMI, ARM9, ARM920T, ARM926EJS Cortex-M3 are trademarks of Advanced RISC Machines, Limited.</li>
<li>Cygwin is a trademark of Red Hat, Incorporated.</li>
<li>Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.</li>
<li>Eagle-100 is a trademark of <a href=" http://www.micromint.com/">Micromint USA, LLC</a>.
<li>LPC2148 is a trademark of NXP Semiconductors.</li>
<li>TI is a tradename of Texas Instruments Incorporated.</li>
<li>UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group.</li>
<li>VxWorks is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Incorporated.</li>
<li>ZDS, ZNEO, Z16F, Z80, and Zilog are a registered trademark of Zilog, Inc.</li>
</ul>
<p>
NOTE: NuttX is <i>not</i> licensed to use the POSIX trademark. NuttX uses the POSIX
standard as a development guideline only.
</p>
</small>
</body>
</html>
|