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authorLi Haoyi <haoyi.sg@gmail.com>2018-07-28 19:38:43 +0800
committerLi Haoyi <haoyi.sg@gmail.com>2018-07-28 19:38:43 +0800
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+Cask: a Scala HTTP micro-framework
+==================================
+
+```scala
+object MinimalApplication extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/")
+ def hello() = {
+ "Hello World!"
+ }
+
+ @cask.post("/do-thing")
+ def doThing(request: cask.Request) = {
+ new String(request.data.readAllBytes()).reverse
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+Cask is a simple Scala web framework inspired by Python's
+[Flask](http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/) project. It aims to bring simplicity,
+flexibility and ease-of-use to Scala webservers, avoiding cryptic DSLs or
+complicated asynchrony.
+
+Getting Started
+---------------
+
+The easiest way to begin using Cask is by downloading the
+[Mill](http://www.lihaoyi.com/mill/) example project:
+
+- Install [Mill](http://www.lihaoyi.com/mill/)
+- Unzip [XXX](XXX) into a folder. This should give you the following files:
+```text
+build.sc
+app/src/MinimalExample.scala
+app/test/src/ExampleTests.scala
+```
+
+- `cd` into the folder, and run
+
+```bash
+mill -w app.runBackground
+```
+
+This will server up the Cask application on `http://localhost:8080`. You can
+immediately start interacting with it either via the browser, or
+programmatically via `curl` or a HTTP client like
+[Requests-Scala](https://github.com/lihaoyi/requests-scala):
+
+```scala
+val host = "http://localhost:8080"
+
+val success = requests.get(host)
+
+success.text() ==> "Hello World!"
+success.statusCode ==> 200
+
+requests.get(host + "/doesnt-exist").statusCode ==> 404
+
+requests.post(host + "/do-thing", data = "hello").text() ==> "olleh"
+
+requests.get(host + "/do-thing").statusCode ==> 404
+```
+
+These HTTP calls are part of the test suite for the example project, which you
+can run using:
+
+```bash
+mill -w app.test
+```
+
+Cask is just a Scala library, and you can use Cask in any existing Scala project
+via the following coordinates:
+
+```scala
+// Mill
+ivy"com.lihaoyi::cask:0.1.0"
+
+// SBT
+"com.lihaoyi" %% "cask" % "0.1.0"
+```
+
+Minimal Example
+---------------
+```scala
+object MinimalApplication extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/")
+ def hello() = {
+ "Hello World!"
+ }
+
+ @cask.post("/do-thing")
+ def doThing(request: cask.Request) = {
+ new String(request.data.readAllBytes()).reverse
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+The rough outline of how the minimal example works should be easy to understand:
+
+- You define an object that inherits from `cask.MainRoutes`
+
+- Define endpoints using annotated functions, using `@cask.get` or `@cask.post`
+ with the route they should match
+
+- Each function can return the data you want in the response, or a
+ `cask.Response` if you want further customization: response code, headers,
+ etc.
+
+- Your function can tale an optional `cask.Request`, which exposes the entire
+ incoming HTTP request if necessary. In the above example, we use it to read
+ the request body into a string and return it reversed.
+
+In most cases, Cask provides convenient helpers to extract exactly the data from
+the incoming HTTP request that you need, while also de-serializing it into the
+data type you need and returning meaningful errors if they are missing. Thus,
+although you can always get all the data necessary through `cask.Request`, it is
+often more convenient to use another way, which will go into below.
+
+Variable Routes
+---------------
+
+```scala
+object VariableRoutes extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/user/:userName")
+ def showUserProfile(userName: String) = {
+ s"User $userName"
+ }
+
+ @cask.get("/post/:postId")
+ def showPost(postId: Int, param: Seq[String]) = {
+ s"Post $postId $param"
+ }
+
+ @cask.get("/path", subpath = true)
+ def showSubpath(subPath: cask.Subpath) = {
+ s"Subpath ${subPath.value}"
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+You can bind variables to endpoints by declaring them as parameters: these are
+either taken from a path-segment matcher of the same name (e.g. `postId` above),
+or from query-parameters of the same name (e.g. `param` above). You can make
+`param` take a `: String` to match `?param=hello`, an `: Int` for `?param=123`
+or a `Seq[String]` (as above) for repeated params such as
+`?param=hello&param=world`.
+
+If you need to capture the entire sub-path of the request, you can set the flag
+`subpath=true` and ask for a `: cask.Subpath` (the name of the param doesn't
+matter). This will make the route match any sub-path of the prefix given to the
+`@cask` decorator, and give you the remainder to use in your endpoint logic.
+
+Receiving Form-encoded or JSON data
+-----------------------------------
+
+```scala
+object FormJsonPost extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.postJson("/json")
+ def jsonEndpoint(value1: ujson.Js.Value, value2: Seq[Int]) = {
+ "OK " + value1 + " " + value2
+ }
+
+ @cask.postForm("/form")
+ def formEndpoint(value1: cask.FormValue, value2: Seq[Int]) = {
+ "OK " + value1 + " " + value2
+ }
+
+ @cask.postForm("/upload")
+ def uploadFile(image: cask.FormFile) = {
+ image.fileName
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+If you need to handle a JSON-encoded POST request, you can use the
+`@cast.postJson` decorator. This assumes the posted request body is a JSON dict,
+and uses its keys to populate the endpoint's parameters, either as raw
+`ujson.Js.Value`s or deserialized into `Seq[Int]`s or other things.
+Deserialization is handled using the
+[uPickle](https://github.com/lihaoyi/upickle) JSON library, though you could
+write your own version of `postJson` to work with any other JSON library of your
+choice.
+
+Similarly, you can mark endpoints as `@cask.postForm`, in which case the
+endpoints params will be taken from the form-encoded POST body either raw (as
+`cask.FormValue`s) or deserialized into simple data structures. Use
+`cask.FormFile` if you want the given form value to be a file upload.
+
+Both normal forms and multipart forms are handled the same way.
+
+If the necessary keys are not present in the JSON/form-encoded POST body, or the
+deserialization into Scala data-types fails, a 400 response is returned
+automatically with a helpful error message.
+
+
+Processing Cookies
+------------------
+
+```scala
+object Cookies extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/read-cookie")
+ def readCookies(username: cask.Cookie) = {
+ username.value
+ }
+
+ @cask.get("/store-cookie")
+ def storeCookies() = {
+ cask.Response(
+ "Cookies Set!",
+ cookies = Seq(cask.Cookie("username", "the username"))
+ )
+ }
+
+ @cask.get("/delete-cookie")
+ def deleteCookie() = {
+ cask.Response(
+ "Cookies Deleted!",
+ cookies = Seq(cask.Cookie("username", "", expires = java.time.Instant.EPOCH))
+ )
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+Cookies are most easily read by declaring a `: cask.Cookie` parameter; the
+parameter name is used to fetch the cookie you are interested in. Cookies can be
+stored by setting the `cookie` attribute in the response, and deleted simply by
+setting `expires = java.time.Instant.EPOCH` (i.e. to have expired a long time
+ago)
+
+Serving Static Files
+--------------------
+```scala
+object StaticFiles extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/")
+ def index() = {
+ "Hello!"
+ }
+
+ @cask.static("/static")
+ def staticRoutes() = "cask/resources/cask"
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+You can ask Cask to serve static files by defining a `@cask.static` endpoint.
+This will match any subpath of the value returned by the endpoint (e.g. above
+`/static/file.txt`, `/static/folder/file.txt`, etc.) and return the file
+contents from the corresponding file on disk (and 404 otherwise).
+
+Redirects or Aborts
+-------------------
+```scala
+object RedirectAbort extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ @cask.get("/")
+ def index() = {
+ cask.Redirect("/login")
+ }
+
+ @cask.get("/login")
+ def login() = {
+ cask.Abort(401)
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+```
+
+Cask provides some convenient helpers `cask.Redirect` and `cask.Abort` which you
+can return; these are simple wrappers around `cask.Request`, and simply set up
+the relevant headers or status code for you.
+
+Extending Endpoints with Decorators
+-----------------------------------
+```scala
+import cask.model.ParamContext
+
+object Decorated extends cask.MainRoutes{
+ class User{
+ override def toString = "[haoyi]"
+ }
+ class loggedIn extends cask.Decorator {
+ def getRawParams(ctx: ParamContext) = Right(Map("user" -> new User()))
+ }
+ class withExtra extends cask.Decorator {
+ def getRawParams(ctx: ParamContext) = Right(Map("extra" -> 31337))
+ }
+
+ @withExtra()
+ @cask.get("/hello/:world")
+ def hello(world: String)(extra: Int) = {
+ world + extra
+ }
+
+ @loggedIn()
+ @cask.get("/internal/:world")
+ def internal(world: String)(user: User) = {
+ world + user
+ }
+
+ @withExtra()
+ @loggedIn()
+ @cask.get("/internal-extra/:world")
+ def internalExtra(world: String)(user: User)(extra: Int) = {
+ world + user + extra
+ }
+
+ initialize()
+}
+
+``` \ No newline at end of file