5 files changed, 873 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/dotty/DottyPredef.scala b/src/dotty/DottyPredef.scala
index 4b68e4029..7c8098bd1 100644
--- a/src/dotty/DottyPredef.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/DottyPredef.scala
@@ -8,4 +8,18 @@ object DottyPredef {
   /** implicits for ClassTag and TypeTag. Should be implemented with macros */
   implicit def classTag[T]: ClassTag[T] = scala.Predef.???
   implicit def typeTag[T]: TypeTag[T] = scala.Predef.???
+
+
+  /** ClassTags for final classes */
+  implicit val IntClassTag: ClassTag[Int]         = ClassTag.Int
+  implicit val ByteClassTag: ClassTag[Byte]       = ClassTag.Byte
+  implicit val ShortClassTag: ClassTag[Short]     = ClassTag.Short
+  implicit val CharClassTag: ClassTag[Char]       = ClassTag.Char
+  implicit val LongClassTag: ClassTag[Long]       = ClassTag.Long
+  implicit val FloatClassTag: ClassTag[Float]     = ClassTag.Float
+  implicit val DoubleClassTag: ClassTag[Double]   = ClassTag.Double
+  implicit val BooleanClassTag: ClassTag[Boolean] = ClassTag.Boolean
+  implicit val UnitClassTag: ClassTag[Unit]       = ClassTag.Unit
+  implicit val NullClassTag: ClassTag[Null]       = ClassTag.Null
+  implicit val NothingClassTag: ClassTag[Nothing] = ClassTag.Nothing
 }
diff --git a/src/dotty/runtime/vc/VCPrototype.scala b/src/dotty/runtime/vc/VCPrototype.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a3abe5a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dotty/runtime/vc/VCPrototype.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+package dotty.runtime.vc
+
+import scala.reflect.ClassTag
+
+abstract class VCPrototype {
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCArrayPrototype[T <: VCPrototype] extends Object with Cloneable {
+  def apply(idx: Int): Object
+  def update(idx: Int, el: T): Unit
+  def length: Int
+  override def clone: Object = super.clone()
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCFloatPrototype(val underlying: Float) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCFloatCasePrototype(underlying: Float) extends VCFloatPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Float] {
+
+  final def _1: Float = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCFloatCompanion[T <: VCFloatPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Float): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCFloatArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Float)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Float) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Float) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Float): String
+}
+
+final class VCFloatArray[T <: VCFloatPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Float], val ct: VCFloatCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCFloatCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Float](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCFloatArray[T] = {
+    new VCFloatArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCObjectPrototype(val underlying: Object) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCObjectCasePrototype(underlying: Object) extends VCObjectPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Object] {
+
+  final def _1: Object = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCObjectCompanion[T <: VCObjectPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Object): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCObjectArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Object)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Object) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Object) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Object): String
+}
+
+final class VCObjectArray[T <: VCObjectPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Object], val ct: VCObjectCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCObjectCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Object](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCObjectArray[T] = {
+    new VCObjectArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCShortPrototype(val underlying: Short) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCShortCasePrototype(underlying: Short) extends VCShortPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Short] {
+
+  final def _1: Short = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCShortCompanion[T <: VCShortPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Short): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCShortArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Short)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Short) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Short) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Short): String
+}
+
+final class VCShortArray[T <: VCShortPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Short], val ct: VCShortCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCShortCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Short](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCShortArray[T] = {
+    new VCShortArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCLongPrototype(val underlying: Long) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCLongCasePrototype(underlying: Long) extends VCLongPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Long] {
+
+  final def _1: Long = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCLongCompanion[T <: VCLongPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Long): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCLongArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Long)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Long) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Long) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Long): String
+}
+
+final class VCLongArray[T <: VCLongPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Long], val ct: VCLongCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCLongCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Long](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCLongArray[T] = {
+    new VCLongArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCIntPrototype(val underlying: Int) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCIntCasePrototype(underlying: Int) extends VCIntPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Int] {
+
+  final def _1: Int = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCIntCompanion[T <: VCIntPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Int): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCIntArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Int)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Int) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Int) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Int): String
+}
+
+final class VCIntArray[T <: VCIntPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Int], val ct: VCIntCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCIntCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Int](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCIntArray[T] = {
+    new VCIntArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCDoublePrototype(val underlying: Double) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCDoubleCasePrototype(underlying: Double) extends VCDoublePrototype(underlying) with Product1[Double] {
+
+  final def _1: Double = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCDoubleCompanion[T <: VCDoublePrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Double): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCDoubleArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Double)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Double) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Double) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Double): String
+}
+
+final class VCDoubleArray[T <: VCDoublePrototype] private (val arr: Array[Double], val ct: VCDoubleCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCDoubleCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Double](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCDoubleArray[T] = {
+    new VCDoubleArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCBooleanPrototype(val underlying: Boolean) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCBooleanCasePrototype(underlying: Boolean) extends VCBooleanPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Boolean] {
+
+  final def _1: Boolean = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCBooleanCompanion[T <: VCBooleanPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Boolean): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCBooleanArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Boolean)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Boolean) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Boolean) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Boolean): String
+}
+
+final class VCBooleanArray[T <: VCBooleanPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Boolean], val ct: VCBooleanCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCBooleanCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Boolean](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCBooleanArray[T] = {
+    new VCBooleanArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCCharPrototype(val underlying: Char) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCCharCasePrototype(underlying: Char) extends VCCharPrototype(underlying) with Product1[Char] {
+
+  final def _1: Char = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+
+  // subclasses are expected to implement equals, productPrefix, and canEqual
+}
+
+abstract class VCCharCompanion[T <: VCCharPrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Char): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCCharArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Char)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Char) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Char) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Char): String
+}
+
+final class VCCharArray[T <: VCCharPrototype] private (val arr: Array[Char], val ct: VCCharCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCCharCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Char](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCCharArray[T] = {
+    new VCCharArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+}
+
+
+abstract class VCBytePrototype(val underlying: Byte) extends VCPrototype {}
+
+abstract class VCByteCasePrototype(underlying: Byte) extends VCBytePrototype(underlying) with Product1[Byte] {
+
+  final def _1: Byte = underlying
+
+  override final def hashCode(): Int = {
+    underlying.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override final def toString: String = {
+    s"$productPrefix($underlying)"
+  }
+}
+
+abstract class VCByteCompanion[T <: VCBytePrototype] extends ClassTag[T] {
+  def box(underlying: Byte): T
+  final def unbox(boxed: T) = boxed.underlying
+
+  implicit def classTag: this.type = this
+  override def newArray(len: Int): Array[T] =
+    new VCByteArray(this, len).asInstanceOf[Array[T]]
+
+
+  final def _1$extension(underlying: Byte)       = underlying
+  final def hashCode$extension(underlying: Byte) = underlying.hashCode()
+  final def toString$extension(underlying: Byte) = s"${productPrefix$extension(underlying)}($underlying)"
+  def productPrefix$extension(underlying: Byte): String
+}
+
+final class VCByteArray[T <: VCBytePrototype] private (val arr: Array[Byte], val ct: VCByteCompanion[T])
+  extends VCArrayPrototype[T] {
+  def this(ct: VCByteCompanion[T], sz: Int) =
+    this(new Array[Byte](sz), ct)
+
+  def apply(idx: Int) =
+    ct.box(arr(idx))
+  def update(idx: Int, elem: T) =
+    arr(idx) = ct.unbox(elem)
+  def length: Int = arr.length
+
+  override def clone(): VCByteArray[T] = {
+    new VCByteArray[T](arr.clone(), ct)
+  }
+
+  override def toString: String = {
+    "[" + ct.runtimeClass
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/ScalaSettings.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/ScalaSettings.scala
index 2ad39c3c0..2ba907084 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/ScalaSettings.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/config/ScalaSettings.scala
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ class ScalaSettings extends Settings.SettingGroup {
   val Xshowobj = StringSetting("-Xshow-object", "object", "Show internal representation of object.", "")
   val showPhases = BooleanSetting("-Xshow-phases", "Print a synopsis of compiler phases.")
   val sourceReader = StringSetting("-Xsource-reader", "classname", "Specify a custom method for reading source files.", "")
+  val XnoValueClasses = BooleanSetting("-Xno-value-classes", "Do not use value classes. Helps debugging.")
 
   val XoldPatmat = BooleanSetting("-Xoldpatmat", "Use the pre-2.10 pattern matcher. Otherwise, the 'virtualizing' pattern matcher is used in 2.10.")
   val XnoPatmatAnalysis = BooleanSetting("-Xno-patmat-analysis", "Don't perform exhaustivity/unreachability analysis. Also, ignore @switch annotation.")
diff --git a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/ValueClasses.scala b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/ValueClasses.scala
index 30802f426..93005c57a 100644
--- a/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/ValueClasses.scala
+++ b/src/dotty/tools/dotc/transform/ValueClasses.scala
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import StdNames._
 object ValueClasses {
 
   def isDerivedValueClass(d: SymDenotation)(implicit ctx: Context) = {
+    !ctx.settings.XnoValueClasses.value &&
     !d.isRefinementClass &&
     d.isValueClass &&
     (d.initial.symbol ne defn.AnyValClass) && // Compare the initial symbol because AnyVal does not exist after erasure
diff --git a/src/scala/runtime/ScalaRunTime/ScalaRunTime.scala b/src/scala/runtime/ScalaRunTime/ScalaRunTime.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b875b4d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/scala/runtime/ScalaRunTime/ScalaRunTime.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/*                     __                                               *\
+**     ________ ___   / /  ___     Scala API                            **
+**    / __/ __// _ | / /  / _ |    (c) 2002-2013, LAMP/EPFL             **
+**  __\ \/ /__/ __ |/ /__/ __ |    http://scala-lang.org/               **
+** /____/\___/_/ |_/____/_/ | |                                         **
+**                          |/                                          **
+\*                                                                      */
+
+package scala
+package runtime
+
+import dotty.runtime.vc.VCArrayPrototype
+
+import scala.collection.{ Seq, IndexedSeq, TraversableView, AbstractIterator }
+import scala.collection.mutable.WrappedArray
+import scala.collection.immutable.{ StringLike, NumericRange, List, Stream, Nil, :: }
+import scala.collection.generic.{ Sorted, IsTraversableLike }
+import scala.reflect.{ ClassTag, classTag }
+import scala.util.control.ControlThrowable
+import java.lang.{ Class => jClass }
+
+import java.lang.Double.doubleToLongBits
+import java.lang.reflect.{ Modifier, Method => JMethod }
+
+/** The object ScalaRunTime provides support methods required by
+  *  the scala runtime.  All these methods should be considered
+  *  outside the API and subject to change or removal without notice.
+  */
+object ScalaRunTime {
+  def isArray(x: Any, atLevel: Int = 1): Boolean =
+    x != null && isArrayClass(x.getClass, atLevel)
+
+  private def isArrayClass(clazz: jClass[_], atLevel: Int): Boolean =
+    (clazz.isArray || classOf[VCArrayPrototype[_]].isAssignableFrom(clazz)) &&
+      (atLevel == 1 || isArrayClass(clazz.getComponentType, atLevel - 1))
+
+  def isValueClass(clazz: jClass[_]) = clazz.isPrimitive()
+
+  // includes specialized subclasses and future proofed against hypothetical TupleN (for N > 22)
+  def isTuple(x: Any) = x != null && x.getClass.getName.startsWith("scala.Tuple")
+  def isAnyVal(x: Any) = x match {
+    case _: Byte | _: Short | _: Char | _: Int | _: Long | _: Float | _: Double | _: Boolean | _: Unit => true
+    case _                                                                                             => false
+  }
+
+  // A helper method to make my life in the pattern matcher a lot easier.
+  def drop[Repr](coll: Repr, num: Int)(implicit traversable: IsTraversableLike[Repr]): Repr =
+    traversable conversion coll drop num
+
+  /** Return the class object representing an array with element class `clazz`.
+    */
+  def arrayClass(clazz: jClass[_]): jClass[_] = {
+    ??? // Dmitry: I want to see where this method is used to know how to fix it
+    // newInstance throws an exception if the erasure is Void.TYPE. see SI-5680
+    if (clazz == java.lang.Void.TYPE) classOf[Array[Unit]]
+    else java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(clazz, 0).getClass
+  }
+
+  /** Return the class object representing elements in arrays described by a given schematic.
+    */
+  def arrayElementClass(schematic: Any): jClass[_] = schematic match {
+    case cls: jClass[_]   => cls.getComponentType
+    case tag: ClassTag[_] => tag.runtimeClass
+    case _                =>
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(s"unsupported schematic $schematic (${schematic.getClass})")
+  }
+
+  /** Return the class object representing an unboxed value type,
+    *  e.g., classOf[int], not classOf[java.lang.Integer].  The compiler
+    *  rewrites expressions like 5.getClass to come here.
+    */
+  def anyValClass[T <: AnyVal : ClassTag](value: T): jClass[T] =
+    classTag[T].runtimeClass.asInstanceOf[jClass[T]]
+
+  /** Retrieve generic array element */
+  def array_apply(xs: AnyRef, idx: Int): Any = {
+    xs match {
+      case x: Array[AnyRef]  => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Int]     => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Double]  => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Long]    => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Float]   => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Char]    => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Byte]    => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Short]   => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Boolean] => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: Array[Unit]    => x(idx).asInstanceOf[Any]
+      case x: VCArrayPrototype[_] => x.apply(idx)
+      case null => throw new NullPointerException
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** update generic array element */
+  def array_update(xs: AnyRef, idx: Int, value: Any): Unit = {
+    xs match {
+      case x: Array[AnyRef]  => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
+      case x: Array[Int]     => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Int]
+      case x: Array[Double]  => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Double]
+      case x: Array[Long]    => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Long]
+      case x: Array[Float]   => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Float]
+      case x: Array[Char]    => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Char]
+      case x: Array[Byte]    => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Byte]
+      case x: Array[Short]   => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Short]
+      case x: Array[Boolean] => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Boolean]
+      case x: Array[Unit]    => x(idx) = value.asInstanceOf[Unit]
+      case x: VCArrayPrototype[t] => x.update(idx, value.asInstanceOf[t])
+      case null => throw new NullPointerException
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Get generic array length */
+  def array_length(xs: AnyRef): Int = xs match {
+    case x: Array[AnyRef]  => x.length
+    case x: Array[Int]     => x.length
+    case x: Array[Double]  => x.length
+    case x: Array[Long]    => x.length
+    case x: Array[Float]   => x.length
+    case x: Array[Char]    => x.length
+    case x: Array[Byte]    => x.length
+    case x: Array[Short]   => x.length
+    case x: Array[Boolean] => x.length
+    case x: Array[Unit]    => x.length
+    case x: VCArrayPrototype[_] => x.length
+    case null => throw new NullPointerException
+  }
+
+  def array_clone(xs: AnyRef): AnyRef = xs match {
+    case x: Array[AnyRef]  => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Int]     => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Double]  => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Long]    => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Float]   => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Char]    => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Byte]    => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Short]   => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Boolean] => ArrayRuntime.cloneArray(x)
+    case x: Array[Unit]    => x
+    case x: VCArrayPrototype[_] => x.clone()
+    case null => throw new NullPointerException
+  }
+
+  /** Convert an array to an object array.
+    *  Needed to deal with vararg arguments of primitive types that are passed
+    *  to a generic Java vararg parameter T ...
+    */
+  def toObjectArray(src: AnyRef): Array[Object] = src match {
+    case x: Array[AnyRef] => x
+    case _ =>
+      val length = array_length(src)
+      val dest = new Array[Object](length)
+      for (i <- 0 until length)
+        array_update(dest, i, array_apply(src, i))
+      dest
+  }
+
+  def toArray[T](xs: scala.collection.Seq[T]) = {
+    val arr = new Array[AnyRef](xs.length)
+    var i = 0
+    for (x <- xs) {
+      arr(i) = x.asInstanceOf[AnyRef]
+      i += 1
+    }
+    arr
+  }
+
+  // Java bug: http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=4071957
+  // More background at ticket #2318.
+  def ensureAccessible(m: JMethod): JMethod = scala.reflect.ensureAccessible(m)
+
+  def checkInitialized[T <: AnyRef](x: T): T =
+    if (x == null) throw new UninitializedError else x
+
+  def _toString(x: Product): String =
+    x.productIterator.mkString(x.productPrefix + "(", ",", ")")
+
+  def _hashCode(x: Product): Int = scala.util.hashing.MurmurHash3.productHash(x)
+
+  /** A helper for case classes. */
+  def typedProductIterator[T](x: Product): Iterator[T] = {
+    new AbstractIterator[T] {
+      private var c: Int = 0
+      private val cmax = x.productArity
+      def hasNext = c < cmax
+      def next() = {
+        val result = x.productElement(c)
+        c += 1
+        result.asInstanceOf[T]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Fast path equality method for inlining; used when -optimise is set.
+    */
+  @inline def inlinedEquals(x: Object, y: Object): Boolean =
+    if (x eq y) true
+    else if (x eq null) false
+    else if (x.isInstanceOf[java.lang.Number]) BoxesRunTime.equalsNumObject(x.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Number], y)
+    else if (x.isInstanceOf[java.lang.Character]) BoxesRunTime.equalsCharObject(x.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Character], y)
+    else x.equals(y)
+
+  def _equals(x: Product, y: Any): Boolean = y match {
+    case y: Product if x.productArity == y.productArity => x.productIterator sameElements y.productIterator
+    case _                                              => false
+  }
+
+  // hashcode -----------------------------------------------------------
+  //
+  // Note that these are the implementations called by ##, so they
+  // must not call ## themselves.
+
+  def hash(x: Any): Int =
+    if (x == null) 0
+    else if (x.isInstanceOf[java.lang.Number]) BoxesRunTime.hashFromNumber(x.asInstanceOf[java.lang.Number])
+    else x.hashCode
+
+  def hash(dv: Double): Int = {
+    val iv = dv.toInt
+    if (iv == dv) return iv
+
+    val lv = dv.toLong
+    if (lv == dv) return lv.hashCode
+
+    val fv = dv.toFloat
+    if (fv == dv) fv.hashCode else dv.hashCode
+  }
+  def hash(fv: Float): Int = {
+    val iv = fv.toInt
+    if (iv == fv) return iv
+
+    val lv = fv.toLong
+    if (lv == fv) hash(lv)
+    else fv.hashCode
+  }
+  def hash(lv: Long): Int = {
+    val low = lv.toInt
+    val lowSign = low >>> 31
+    val high = (lv >>> 32).toInt
+    low ^ (high + lowSign)
+  }
+  def hash(x: Number): Int  = runtime.BoxesRunTime.hashFromNumber(x)
+
+  // The remaining overloads are here for completeness, but the compiler
+  // inlines these definitions directly so they're not generally used.
+  def hash(x: Int): Int = x
+  def hash(x: Short): Int = x.toInt
+  def hash(x: Byte): Int = x.toInt
+  def hash(x: Char): Int = x.toInt
+  def hash(x: Boolean): Int = if (x) true.hashCode else false.hashCode
+  def hash(x: Unit): Int = 0
+
+  /** A helper method for constructing case class equality methods,
+    *  because existential types get in the way of a clean outcome and
+    *  it's performing a series of Any/Any equals comparisons anyway.
+    *  See ticket #2867 for specifics.
+    */
+  def sameElements(xs1: scala.collection.Seq[Any], xs2: scala.collection.Seq[Any]) = xs1 sameElements xs2
+
+  /** Given any Scala value, convert it to a String.
+    *
+    * The primary motivation for this method is to provide a means for
+    * correctly obtaining a String representation of a value, while
+    * avoiding the pitfalls of naïvely calling toString on said value.
+    * In particular, it addresses the fact that (a) toString cannot be
+    * called on null and (b) depending on the apparent type of an
+    * array, toString may or may not print it in a human-readable form.
+    *
+    * @param   arg   the value to stringify
+    * @return        a string representation of arg.
+    */
+  def stringOf(arg: Any): String = stringOf(arg, scala.Int.MaxValue)
+  def stringOf(arg: Any, maxElements: Int): String = {
+    def packageOf(x: AnyRef) = x.getClass.getPackage match {
+      case null   => ""
+      case p      => p.getName
+    }
+    def isScalaClass(x: AnyRef)         = packageOf(x) startsWith "scala."
+    def isScalaCompilerClass(x: AnyRef) = packageOf(x) startsWith "scala.tools.nsc."
+
+    // We use reflection because the scala.xml package might not be available
+    def isSubClassOf(potentialSubClass: Class[_], ofClass: String) =
+      try {
+        val classLoader = potentialSubClass.getClassLoader
+        val clazz = Class.forName(ofClass, /*initialize =*/ false, classLoader)
+        clazz.isAssignableFrom(potentialSubClass)
+      } catch {
+        case cnfe: ClassNotFoundException => false
+      }
+    def isXmlNode(potentialSubClass: Class[_])     = isSubClassOf(potentialSubClass, "scala.xml.Node")
+    def isXmlMetaData(potentialSubClass: Class[_]) = isSubClassOf(potentialSubClass, "scala.xml.MetaData")
+
+    // When doing our own iteration is dangerous
+    def useOwnToString(x: Any) = x match {
+      // Range/NumericRange have a custom toString to avoid walking a gazillion elements
+      case _: Range | _: NumericRange[_] => true
+      // Sorted collections to the wrong thing (for us) on iteration - ticket #3493
+      case _: Sorted[_, _]  => true
+      // StringBuilder(a, b, c) and similar not so attractive
+      case _: StringLike[_] => true
+      // Don't want to evaluate any elements in a view
+      case _: TraversableView[_, _] => true
+      // Node extends NodeSeq extends Seq[Node] and MetaData extends Iterable[MetaData]
+      // -> catch those by isXmlNode and isXmlMetaData.
+      // Don't want to a) traverse infinity or b) be overly helpful with peoples' custom
+      // collections which may have useful toString methods - ticket #3710
+      // or c) print AbstractFiles which are somehow also Iterable[AbstractFile]s.
+      case x: Traversable[_] => !x.hasDefiniteSize || !isScalaClass(x) || isScalaCompilerClass(x) || isXmlNode(x.getClass) || isXmlMetaData(x.getClass)
+      // Otherwise, nothing could possibly go wrong
+      case _ => false
+    }
+
+    // A variation on inner for maps so they print -> instead of bare tuples
+    def mapInner(arg: Any): String = arg match {
+      case (k, v)   => inner(k) + " -> " + inner(v)
+      case _        => inner(arg)
+    }
+
+    // Special casing Unit arrays, the value class which uses a reference array type.
+    def arrayToString(x: AnyRef) = {
+      if (x.getClass.getComponentType == classOf[BoxedUnit])
+        0 until (array_length(x) min maxElements) map (_ => "()") mkString ("Array(", ", ", ")")
+      else
+        WrappedArray make x take maxElements map inner mkString ("Array(", ", ", ")")
+    }
+
+    // The recursively applied attempt to prettify Array printing.
+    // Note that iterator is used if possible and foreach is used as a
+    // last resort, because the parallel collections "foreach" in a
+    // random order even on sequences.
+    def inner(arg: Any): String = arg match {
+      case null                         => "null"
+      case ""                           => "\"\""
+      case x: String                    => if (x.head.isWhitespace || x.last.isWhitespace) "\"" + x + "\"" else x
+      case x if useOwnToString(x)       => x.toString
+      case x: AnyRef if isArray(x)      => arrayToString(x)
+      case x: scala.collection.Map[_, _]      => x.iterator take maxElements map mapInner mkString (x.stringPrefix + "(", ", ", ")")
+      case x: Iterable[_]               => x.iterator take maxElements map inner mkString (x.stringPrefix + "(", ", ", ")")
+      case x: Traversable[_]            => x take maxElements map inner mkString (x.stringPrefix + "(", ", ", ")")
+      case x: Product1[_] if isTuple(x) => "(" + inner(x._1) + ",)" // that special trailing comma
+      case x: Product if isTuple(x)     => x.productIterator map inner mkString ("(", ",", ")")
+      case x                            => x.toString
+    }
+
+    // The try/catch is defense against iterables which aren't actually designed
+    // to be iterated, such as some scala.tools.nsc.io.AbstractFile derived classes.
+    try inner(arg)
+    catch {
+      case _: UnsupportedOperationException | _: AssertionError => "" + arg
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** stringOf formatted for use in a repl result. */
+  def replStringOf(arg: Any, maxElements: Int): String = {
+    val s  = stringOf(arg, maxElements)
+    val nl = if (s contains "\n") "\n" else ""
+
+    nl + s + "\n"
+  }
+
+  def box[T](clazz: jClass[T]): jClass[_] = clazz match {
+    case java.lang.Byte.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Byte]
+    case java.lang.Short.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Short]
+    case java.lang.Character.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Character]
+    case java.lang.Integer.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Integer]
+    case java.lang.Long.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Long]
+    case java.lang.Float.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Float]
+    case java.lang.Double.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Double]
+    case java.lang.Void.TYPE => classOf[scala.runtime.BoxedUnit]
+    case java.lang.Boolean.TYPE => classOf[java.lang.Boolean]
+    case _ => clazz
+  }
+}