[SPARK-18961][SQL] Support `SHOW TABLE EXTENDED ... PARTITION` statement

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?

We should support the statement `SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'table_identifier' PARTITION(partition_spec)`, just like that HIVE does.
When partition is specified, the `SHOW TABLE EXTENDED` command should output the information of the partitions instead of the tables.
Note that in this statement, we require exact matched partition spec. For example:
```
CREATE TABLE show_t1(a String, b Int) PARTITIONED BY (c String, d String);
ALTER TABLE show_t1 ADD PARTITION (c='Us', d=1) PARTITION (c='Us', d=22);

-- Output the extended information of Partition(c='Us', d=1)
SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us', d=1);
-- Throw an AnalysisException
SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us');
```

## How was this patch tested?
Add new test sqls in file `show-tables.sql`.
Add new test case in `DDLSuite`.

Author: jiangxingbo <jiangxb1987@gmail.com>

Closes #16373 from jiangxb1987/show-partition-extended.

1 files changed, 108 insertions, 25 deletions

diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/show-tables.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/show-tables.sql.out
index 3d287f43ac..6d62e60921 100644
--- a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/show-tables.sql.out
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/show-tables.sql.out
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 -- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
--- Number of queries: 20
+-- Number of queries: 26
 
 
 -- !query 0
@@ -114,76 +114,159 @@ show_t3
 
 
 -- !query 12
-SHOW TABLE EXTENDED
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t*'
 -- !query 12 schema
-struct<>
+struct<database:string,tableName:string,isTemporary:boolean,information:string>
 -- !query 12 output
-org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
-
-mismatched input '<EOF>' expecting 'LIKE'(line 1, pos 19)
-
-== SQL ==
-SHOW TABLE EXTENDED
--------------------^^^
+show_t3	true	CatalogTable(
+	Table: `show_t3`
+	Created: 
+	Last Access: 
+	Type: VIEW
+	Schema: [StructField(e,IntegerType,true)]
+	Storage())
+
+showdb	show_t1	false	CatalogTable(
+	Table: `showdb`.`show_t1`
+	Created: 
+	Last Access: 
+	Type: MANAGED
+	Schema: [StructField(a,StringType,true), StructField(b,IntegerType,true), StructField(c,StringType,true), StructField(d,StringType,true)]
+	Provider: parquet
+	Partition Columns: [`c`, `d`]
+	Storage(Location: sql/core/spark-warehouse/showdb.db/show_t1)
+	Partition Provider: Catalog)
+
+showdb	show_t2	false	CatalogTable(
+	Table: `showdb`.`show_t2`
+	Created: 
+	Last Access: 
+	Type: MANAGED
+	Schema: [StructField(b,StringType,true), StructField(d,IntegerType,true)]
+	Provider: parquet
+	Storage(Location: sql/core/spark-warehouse/showdb.db/show_t2))
 
 
 -- !query 13
-SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us')
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED
 -- !query 13 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 13 output
 org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
 
-Operation not allowed: SHOW TABLE EXTENDED ... PARTITION(line 1, pos 0)
+mismatched input '<EOF>' expecting 'LIKE'(line 1, pos 19)
 
 == SQL ==
-SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us')
-^^^
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED
+-------------------^^^
 
 
 -- !query 14
-DROP TABLE show_t1
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us', d=1)
 -- !query 14 schema
-struct<>
+struct<database:string,tableName:string,isTemporary:boolean,information:string>
 -- !query 14 output
-
+showdb	show_t1	false	CatalogPartition(
+	Partition Values: [c=Us, d=1]
+	Storage(Location: sql/core/spark-warehouse/showdb.db/show_t1/c=Us/d=1)
+	Partition Parameters:{})
 
 
 -- !query 15
-DROP TABLE show_t2
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED PARTITION(c='Us', d=1)
 -- !query 15 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 15 output
+org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.parser.ParseException
+
+mismatched input 'PARTITION' expecting 'LIKE'(line 1, pos 20)
 
+== SQL ==
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED PARTITION(c='Us', d=1)
+--------------------^^^
 
 
 -- !query 16
-DROP VIEW  show_t3
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t*' PARTITION(c='Us', d=1)
 -- !query 16 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 16 output
-
+org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.NoSuchTableException
+Table or view 'show_t*' not found in database 'showdb';
 
 
 -- !query 17
-DROP VIEW  global_temp.show_t4
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Us')
 -- !query 17 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 17 output
-
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+Partition spec is invalid. The spec (c) must match the partition spec (c, d) defined in table '`showdb`.`show_t1`';
 
 
 -- !query 18
-USE default
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(a='Us', d=1)
 -- !query 18 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 18 output
-
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+Partition spec is invalid. The spec (a, d) must match the partition spec (c, d) defined in table '`showdb`.`show_t1`';
 
 
 -- !query 19
-DROP DATABASE showdb
+SHOW TABLE EXTENDED LIKE 'show_t1' PARTITION(c='Ch', d=1)
 -- !query 19 schema
 struct<>
 -- !query 19 output
+org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.NoSuchPartitionException
+Partition not found in table 'show_t1' database 'showdb':
+c -> Ch
+d -> 1;
+
+
+-- !query 20
+DROP TABLE show_t1
+-- !query 20 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 20 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 21
+DROP TABLE show_t2
+-- !query 21 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 21 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 22
+DROP VIEW  show_t3
+-- !query 22 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 22 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 23
+DROP VIEW  global_temp.show_t4
+-- !query 23 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 23 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 24
+USE default
+-- !query 24 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 24 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 25
+DROP DATABASE showdb
+-- !query 25 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 25 output