[SPARK-18863][SQL] Output non-aggregate expressions without GROUP BY in a subquery does not yield an error

## What changes were proposed in this pull request?
This PR will report proper error messages when a subquery expression contain an invalid plan. This problem is fixed by calling CheckAnalysis for the plan inside a subquery.

## How was this patch tested?
Existing tests and two new test cases on 2 forms of subquery, namely, scalar subquery and in/exists subquery.

````
-- TC 01.01
-- The column t2b in the SELECT of the subquery is invalid
-- because it is neither an aggregate function nor a GROUP BY column.
select t1a, t2b
from   t1, t2
where  t1b = t2c
and    t2b = (select max(avg)
              from   (select   t2b, avg(t2b) avg
                      from     t2
                      where    t2a = t1.t1b
                     )
             )
;

-- TC 01.02
-- Invalid due to the column t2b not part of the output from table t2.
select *
from   t1
where  t1a in (select   min(t2a)
               from     t2
               group by t2c
               having   t2c in (select   max(t3c)
                                from     t3
                                group by t3b
                                having   t3b > t2b ))
;
````

Author: Nattavut Sutyanyong <nsy.can@gmail.com>

Closes #16572 from nsyca/18863.

1 files changed, 66 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/subquery/negative-cases/invalid-correlation.sql.out b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/subquery/negative-cases/invalid-correlation.sql.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50ae01e181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/subquery/negative-cases/invalid-correlation.sql.out
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+-- Automatically generated by SQLQueryTestSuite
+-- Number of queries: 5
+
+
+-- !query 0
+create temporary view t1 as select * from values
+  (1, 2, 3)
+as t1(t1a, t1b, t1c)
+-- !query 0 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 0 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 1
+create temporary view t2 as select * from values
+  (1, 0, 1)
+as t2(t2a, t2b, t2c)
+-- !query 1 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 1 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 2
+create temporary view t3 as select * from values
+  (3, 1, 2)
+as t3(t3a, t3b, t3c)
+-- !query 2 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 2 output
+
+
+
+-- !query 3
+select t1a, t2b
+from   t1, t2
+where  t1b = t2c
+and    t2b = (select max(avg)
+              from   (select   t2b, avg(t2b) avg
+                      from     t2
+                      where    t2a = t1.t1b
+                     )
+             )
+-- !query 3 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 3 output
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+expression 't2.`t2b`' is neither present in the group by, nor is it an aggregate function. Add to group by or wrap in first() (or first_value) if you don't care which value you get.;
+
+
+-- !query 4
+select *
+from   t1
+where  t1a in (select   min(t2a)
+               from     t2
+               group by t2c
+               having   t2c in (select   max(t3c)
+                                from     t3
+                                group by t3b
+                                having   t3b > t2b ))
+-- !query 4 schema
+struct<>
+-- !query 4 output
+org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException
+resolved attribute(s) t2b#x missing from min(t2a)#x,t2c#x in operator !Filter predicate-subquery#x [(t2c#x = max(t3c)#x) && (t3b#x > t2b#x)];