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<title>NuttX</title>
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<h1><big><font color="#3c34ec"><i>NuttX RTOS</i></font></big></h1>
<p>Last Updated: November 8, 2007</p>
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<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
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<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="#overview">Overview</a></td>
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<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="#downloads">Downloads</a></td>
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<td><a href="#platforms">Supported Platforms</a></td>
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<td><a href="#footprint">Memory Footprint</a></td>
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<td><a href="#licensing">Licensing</a></td>
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<td><a href="#history">Release History</a></td>
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<td><a href="#documentation">Other Documentation</a></td>
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<a name="overview"><h1>Overview</h1></a>
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<p>
<b>Goals</b>.
Nuttx is a real timed embedded operating system (RTOS).
Its goals are:
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<b>Small Footprint</b>
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Usable in all but the tightest micro-controller environments,
The focus is on the tiny-to-small, deeply embedded environment.
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<b>Rich Feature OS Set</b>
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<p>
The goal is to provide most standard POSIX OS interfaces to support
a rich, multi-threaded development environment for deeply embedded
processors.
</p>
NON-GOALS: (1) It is not a goal to provide the rich level of OS
features like those provided with Linux.
Small footprint is more important than features.
Standard compliance is more important than small footprint.
(2) There is no MMU-based support for processes.
At present, NuttX assumes a flat address space.
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<b>Highly Scalable</b>
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Fully scalable from tiny (8-bit) to moderate embedded (32-bit).
Scalability with rich feature set is accomplished with:
Many tiny source files, link from static libraries, highly configurable, use of
weak symbols when available.
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<b>Standards Compliance</b>
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<p>
NuttX strives to achieve a high degree of standards compliance.
The primary governing standards are POSIX and ANSI standards.
Additional standard APIs from Unix and other common RTOS's are
adopted for functionality not available under these standards
or for functionaly that is not appropriate for the deeply-embedded
RTOS (such as <code>fork()</code>).
</p>
<p>
Because of this standards conformance, software developed under other
standard OSs (such as Linux) should port easily to NuttX.
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<b>Real-Time</b>
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Fully pre-emptible, fixed priority and round-robin scheduling.
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<b>Totally Open</b>
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Non-restrictive BSD license.
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<a name="downloads"><h1>Downloads</h1></a>
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<p>
The 12th release of NuttX (nuttx-0.3.0) is available for download
from the <a href="http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=189573">SourceForge</a>
website.
The change log associated with the release is available <a href="#currentrelease">here</a>.
Unreleased changes after this release are avalable in CVS.
These unreleased changes are listed <a href="#pendingchanges">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
NuttX 30.3.0 includes the initial integration of a network subsystem and
a TCP/IP stack based on <a href="http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/index.php/Main_Page">uIP</a>.
Also included is a device driver for the Davicom DM90x0 ethernet controller.
</p>
</p>
This integration is very preliminary. Only a small portion of the
network functionality has been integrated and there are a number of
open issues. The network subsystem is pre-alpha this point in time.
I expect that it will stabilize and mature over the next few releases.
</p>
<p>
The baseline functionality of NuttX continues to mature and remains at
post-beta (as long as the network is not used).
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<a name="platforms"><h1>Supported Platforms</h1></a>
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<b>Linux User Mode</b>
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<p>
A user-mode port of NuttX to the x86 Linux platform is available.
The purpose of this port is primarily to support OS feature developement.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Does not support interrupts but is otherwise fully functional.
</p>
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<b>ARM7TDMI</b>.
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<p>
<b>TI TMS320C5471</b> (also called a <b>C5471</b> or <b>TMS320DM180</b>).
NuttX operates on the ARM7 of this dual core processor.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.spectrumdigital.com/">Spectrum Digital</a>
evaluation board with a GNU arm-elf toolchain*.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete, verified, and included in the initial NuttX release.
</p>
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<b>NXP LPC214x</b>.
Support is provided for the NXP LPC214x family of processors. In particular,
support is provided for the mcu123.com lpc214x evaluation board (LPC2148).
This port also used the GNU arm-eld toolchain*.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
Initial coding of this port code complete but has not yet been verified.
</p>
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<b>ARM926EJS</b>.
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<p>
<b>TI TMS320DM320</b> (also called <b>DM320</b>).
NuttX operates on the ARM9 of this dual core processor.
This port uses the
<a href="http://wiki.neurostechnology.com/index.php/Developer_Welcome">Neuros OSD</a>
with a GNU arm-elf toolchain*.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete and verified.
</p>
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<b>8052 Microcontroller</b>
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<b>PJRC 87C52 Development Board</b>.
This port uses the <a href="http://www.pjrc.com/">PJRC</a> 87C52 development system
and the <a href="http://sdcc.sourceforge.net/">SDCC</a> toolchain.
</p>
<p>
<b>STATUS:</b>
This port is complete but not stable with timer interrupts enabled.
There seems to be some issue when the stack pointer enters into the indirect IRAM
address space during interrupt handling.
This architecture has not been built in some time will likely have some compilation
problems because of SDCC compiler differences.
</p>
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<b>Other ports</b>
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There are partial ports for the TI TMS320DM270 and for MIPS.
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<blockquote>* A highly modified <a href="http://buildroot.uclibc.org/">buildroot</a>
is available that be used to build a NuttX-compatible arm-elf toolchain.</blockquote>
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<a name="footprint"><h1>Memory Footprint</h1></a>
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<ul>
<p><b>C5471 (ARM7)</b>
The build for this ARM7 target that includes most of the OS features and
a broad range of OS tests. The size of this executable as given by the
Linux <tt>size</tt> command is (3/9/07):
</p>
<pre>
text data bss dec hex filename
53272 428 3568 57268 dfb4 nuttx
</pre>
<p><b>DM320 (ARM9)</b>
This build for the ARM9 target includes a signficant subset of OS
features, ethernet driver and full TCP/IP, UDP and (minimal) ICMP
stacks (via uIP). (11/8/07)
</p>
<pre>
text data bss dec hex filename
49472 296 3972 53740 d1ec nuttx
</pre>
<p><b>87C52</b>
A reduced functionality OS test for the 8052 target requires only
about 18-19Kb:
</p>
<pre>
Stack starts at: 0x21 (sp set to 0x20) with 223 bytes available.
Other memory:
Name Start End Size Max
---------------- -------- -------- -------- --------
PAGED EXT. RAM 0 256
EXTERNAL RAM 0x0100 0x02fd 510 7936
ROM/EPROM/FLASH 0x2100 0x6e55 19798 24384
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<a name="licensing"><h1>Licensing</h1></a>
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<p>
NuttX is available under the highly permissive
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_license">BSD license</a>.
Other than some fine print that you agree to respect the copyright
you should feel absolutely free to use NuttX in any environment and
without any concern for jeopardizing any proprietary software that
you may link with it.
</p>
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<a name="history"><h1>Release History</h1></a>
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<a href="#olderreleases">Change Logs for Older Releases</a><br>
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<a href="#currentrelease">ChangeLog for Current Release</a><br>
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<a href="#pendingchanges">Unreleased Changes</a>
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<a name="olderreleases">Change Logs for Older Releases</a>
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<ul><pre>
0.1.0 2007-03-09 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Initial Release
* Support for Linux user mode simulation and TI
TMS320C5471 (Arm7) provided
0.1.1 2007-03-14 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Corrected an error in interrupt level context switching
for C5471
* Added fgets() and gets() logic; verified c5471 console read.
* Corrected error in reading from the C5471 serial port:
Improper use of semaphore can cause deadlock.
* Fixed an error in the memory cleanup: The idle task
cannot take sempahores (because it must always be ready
to run).
* Tasks can now accept a configurable maximum number of
input parameters (argc)
* _task_init() was divided into separate functions that
require fewer parameters. This was necessary to keep
the stack usage down for the 8051/2 (which has only
256 bytes of stack).
* Attempts to use C5471 console from interrupt handlers
can cause errors. Added a special path for this case.
* Refuse calls to sem_wait and sem_trywait from interrupt
handlers. This was happening because interrupt handlers
were calling printf-like functions.
* Added strtok() and strtok_r()
* Added a simple shell called nsh (see examples/nsh).
* Platform support for 8052 is complete but not stable
when the timer interrupt is enabled. Seems to be an
issue when SP enters indirect address space.
* Documentation updates
0.1.2 2007-03-19 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Add dirent.h, opendir(), readdir(), closedir(), etc.
* Add strerror()
* Added 'ls' command to nsh
* Added C5471 watchdog driver
* Fixed another bug where free() is called from IDLE task.
Can't do this; the caller must be able to wait for access
to memory.
* Fixed bugs associated with debug output:
Cannot do dbg() in middle of context switch logic.
because it may require use of semaphores and cause
additional context switches. lldbg() is safe.
* Interrupt must be disabled throughout all context switches.
* Separated C5471 serial driver; a shareable part is
in drivers/. ; the C5471 specific part is in arch/C5471.
serial.h defines the interface.
* Fixed mq_receive() and mq_send() -- bad memcpy()
* Fixed C5471 signal deliver logic: use of dbg() and
other actions by use signal handler can alter errno.
need to protect errno during signal handling.
* Fixed uninitialized variable in filesystem that could
cause various problems
* Added a test for roundrobin scheduler.
0.2.1 2007-03-22 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Fix error in handing signed decimal in vsprintf().
* Major restructuring of header files to get closer to
POSIX compliance.
* Eliminate compilation warnings that that crept into
recent check-ins
* Add kill()
* Added support for POSIX timers
* Some Documentation updates
* Added support for the Neuros OSD / DM320
0.2.2 2007-03-26 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Created the configs/ directory; separated board configuration
from processor architecture logic
* Add memory leak detection test to examples/ostest
* Corrected memory leak in OS pthread join logic
* Corrected memory leaks in examples/ostest due to failures
to join or detach from pthreads.
* Added pthread_once(), pthread_kill(), pthread_sigmask()
* Added pthread_barrierattr_*() APIs
* Added pthread_barrier_init(), pthread_barrier_destroy(), and
pthread_barrier_wait();
* Added pthread barrier test
* Added protection so that errno cannot be modified from
interrupt handling.
* sched_setparam(), sched_setscheduler() now correctly set
errno; pthread_setscheduler() now returns the correct errno.
* Added pthread_setschedprio().
* Added directories to hold board-specific header files
* Added directories to hold board-specific drivers
0.2.3 2007-03-29 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* mq_receive and mq_send now return errno's appropriately
* mq_receive and mq_send are now correctly awakened by signals.
* Fixed an unmatched sched_lock/unlock pair in task_delete().
* sched_lock must be called in _exit() because operation of
task_delete() can cause pending tasks to be merged and a
context switch to occur.
* Added mq_timedreceive() and mq_timedsend()
* signal mask is now inherited by both child tasks and threads.
* Improved sharebility of stdout among pthreads (only). Nothing
was broken, but by moving the mutual exclusion logic to a
higher level, the printf output is more readable.
* Fixed a bug in file system cleanup: A list was being deleted
before the buffers contained in the list.
* Fixed a bug in the wait-for-message-queue-not-empty logic.
* Added a test of timed mqueue operations; detected and corrected
some mqueue errors.
* Identified and corrected a race condition associated with
pthread_join. In the failure condition, memory was being
deallocated while still in use.
0.2.4 2007-04-28 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Verfied c5471 build under Cygwin on WinXP
* Makesystem changes to better support different SoCs.
* Made arch/c5471/include and arch/dm320/include identical in
preparation for merging into arch/arm
* Logic from arch/c5471 and arch/dm320 combined into arch/arm.
arch/c5471 and arch/dm320 are deprecated and will be removed
when the new c5471 and dm320 logic is verified.
0.2.5 2007-05-19 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Corrected some build/configuration issues introduced with the
last release.
* Added support for the NXP 214x processor on the mcu123.com lpc214x
development board (untested)
* Added support for block devices.
* Simulated target now exports a VFAT filesystem
* Begin support for VFAT filesystem (missing functionalit)
* Added mount() and umount()
* Fix bug in memcmp return value
* Fix errors in timeslice calculation (several places)
* Added missing irqrestore() in timer_deletall().
* close() was not closing the underlying device.
* Added fsync()
* Added strspn() and strcspn()
0.2.6 2007-05-26 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Added unlink(), mkdir(), rmdir(), and rename()
* Fixed several serious FAT errors with oflags handling (&& instead of &)
* Added FAT support for unlink(), mkdir(), rmdir(), and rename
* Added FAT support for opendir(), closedir(), readdir(), seekdir(),
telldir(), rewindir().
* Fixed ARM compilation errors introduced in 0.2.5 (that is what I get
for only testing on the simulation).
0.2.7 2007-06-09 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Added stat() to fs layer and to FAT
* Fixed reference counting errors associated with mounted filesystems
* Added fat_getattrib() and fat_setattrib()
* Added statfs() to fs layer and to FAT
* Correct file name extension in tools/zipme.sh
* Fix error in dependencies in 8051/2 Makefile
* sched/Makefile: Don't build sleep() or usleep() if signals are disabled
* sched/sched_setparam.c: Remove redundant disabling of interrupts
* sched/usleep.c: Fixed nsec calculation
* lib/lib_strcspn.c: Function incorrectly named strspn().
* examples/ostest/main.c: Errors in SDCC version of a memcpy() call
* examples/ostest/sighand.c: Don't call fflush() if streams are disabled
* include/limits.h, include/time.h, sched/clock_internal.h: A support for
using selectable system timer frequency.
* Fixed error in mountpoint related conditional compilation introduced
in 0.2.5
* Restructured some Makefiles to better handle enabling and disabling
NuttX features without having so much conditional compilation in the
source files.
* tools/mkconfig.c: No longer depends on asprintf() and _GNU_SOURCE and
so should now build in non-GNU, non-GLIBC environments.
* include/nuttx/compiler.h: Fix for using SDCC with the Z80.
* include/assert.h & arch/pjrc-8051/src/up_assert.c: SDCC does support
__FILE__and __LINE__ (not tested)
* examples/ostest/barrier.c: Don't call usleep() when signals are
disabled.
0.2.8 2007-07-02 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* tools/Makefile.mkconfig: Under Cygwin, executable has a different name
* tools/mkdeps.sh & arch/arm/src/Makefile: Corrected a problem makeing dependencies
* tools/zipme.sh: Force directory name to be nuttx-xx.yy.zz
* fs/fs_opendir.c: Correct errors in semaphore usage that can cause deadlock.
* lib/lib_getopt.c: Added getopt() support
* examples/nsh/: NSH now supports cat, mount, umount, and mkdir. ls supports
-l -s, and -R
* Added basic OS support to manage environment variables: environment
storage, cloning on task creation, sharing on pthread creation, destruction
on thread/task exit.
* Add environment variables APIs: environ, getenv, putenv, clearenv, setenv,
unsetenv
* Correct an error in realloc() when the block is extended "down" in memory.
In this case, the old memory contents need to be copied to the new location
and an allocated bit was not being set.
* examples/ostest/: Added an environment variable test.
* examples/nsh/: Break into several files.
* lib/: Added strrchr, basename, dirname
* examples/nsh/: Add cp, rm, rmdir, set, unset commands. echo will now print
environment variables.
</pre></ul>
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<td>
<a name="currentrelease">ChangeLog for Current Release</a>
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</table>
<pre><ul>
0.3.0 2007-11-06 Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Imported uIP into the tree (see
http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/index.php/Main_Page)
* Adding socket(), bind(), connect()
* Added snprintf()
* Added send() and sendto(); integrate write() and close() with socket descriptors.
* Added recv() and recvfrom().
* Added getsockopt() and setsockopt()
* Documentation updated to address socket interfaces.
* Implemented receive timeouts via setsockopt(SO_RCVTIMEO).
* Provide support for multiple network devices
* Implement socket ioctl() calls to set addresses
* Added listen() and accept()
* Added DM90x0 ethernet driver
* ARP timer is now built into the network layer
* Basic client functionality verified: socket(), bind(), connect(), recv(), send().
</pre></ul>
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<td>
<a name="pendingchanges">Unreleased Changes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<pre><ul>
0.3.1 2007-xx-xx Gregory Nutt <spudmonkey@racsa.co.cr>
* Separated net/uip/uip.c into several functions in several files.
* Corrected a TCP problem where packets were dropped because there was no
recv() in place but the packet was being ACKed. There are still TCP
recv buffering issues, but this is part of a larger buffering issue.
* Basic server functionality verified: listen(), accept()
* Fix DM90x0 driver problem that caused TX overruns
* Add strncmp()
</pre></ul>
<table width ="100%">
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<td>
<a name="documentation"><h1>Other Documentation</h1></a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul><table>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttxUserGuide.html">User Guide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="favicon.ico"></td>
<td><a href="NuttxPortingGuide.html">Porting Guide</td>
</tr>
</center></ul>
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